Gliosarcoma

Rare mixed tumors of the brain and rarely the spinal cord which contain malignant neuroectodermal (glial) and mesenchymal components, including spindle-shaped fibrosarcoma cells. These tumors are highly aggressive and present primarily in adults as rapidly expanding mass lesions. They may arise in tissue that has been previously irradiated. (From Br J Neurosurg 1995 Apr;9(2):171-8)

Also Known As:

Networked: 437 relevant articles (38 outcomes, 63 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis)
3.	Brain Neoplasms (Brain Tumor)
4.	Glioblastoma (Glioblastoma Multiforme)
5.	Glioma (Gliomas)

Experts

1.	Brem, Henry: 20 articles (06/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Tyler, Betty M: 12 articles (05/2014 - 04/2003)
3.	Tyler, Betty: 8 articles (06/2015 - 02/2002)
4.	Ross, Brian D: 8 articles (07/2012 - 03/2005)
5.	Rehemtulla, Alnawaz: 8 articles (07/2012 - 03/2005)
6.	Chenevert, Thomas L: 7 articles (07/2012 - 03/2005)
7.	Coderre, J A: 7 articles (11/2004 - 01/2000)
8.	Zhou, Jinyuan: 6 articles (08/2015 - 06/2008)
9.	Waxman, David J: 6 articles (02/2013 - 09/2005)
10.	Chang, Susan M: 6 articles (12/2012 - 02/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Gliosarcoma:

1.	PolymersIBA 03/01/2010 - "The efficacy of 50% EPI:pCCP:SA polymers administered on Day 5 in combination with oral TMZ was determined in rats intracranially challenged with 9L gliosarcoma. " 03/01/2010 - "EPI polymers, alone or in combination with oral TMZ, is an effective therapeutic modality against experimental 9L gliosarcoma." 11/01/1995 - "Treatment was initiated on the fifth day after intracranial implantation of 9L gliosarcoma into male rats; two doses of each drug were injected intratumorally, representing either the amount of drug typically released in vivo from polymer during the first 24 h, or the maximal drug loaded on each polymer. " 02/01/2013 - "We investigated the effects of OncoGel with oral TMZ or locally delivered TMZ polymer, with and without radiotherapy (XRT) in rats with intracranial gliosarcoma. " 04/01/1997 - "Intralesional sustained release of cisplatin from biodegradable polymer is safe and effective for the treatment of brain 9L gliosarcoma in rats."
2.	Carmustine (FIVB)FDA Link 11/01/2004 - "Two established BCNU-resistant sublines, derived from 9L gliosarcoma cells by treating these cells with BCNU in vivo or in vitro, were used in the study. " 08/01/2015 - "The addition of O(6)-BG to the standard regimen of radiation and BCNU for the treatment patients with newly diagnosed GBM and gliosarcoma did not provide added benefit and in fact caused additional toxicity." 04/01/2006 - "Subcutaneous 9L gliosarcomas were treated with a single dose of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. " 11/01/2005 - "EF inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and even though EF does not prolong survival as a single agent, it exhibits a synergistic effect when combined with systemic bischloroethylnitrosourea (carmustine) in the intracranial 9L gliosarcoma model." 01/01/2005 - "The wafers containing BCNU showed more effective cytotoxicity than BCNU powder due to its short half-life and inhibited the proliferation of 9L gliosarcoma cells. "
3.	Thymidine KinaseIBA 08/01/2003 - "9L gliosarcoma and Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) transductants of those cells were transduced with a retrovirus carrying the murine gammaIFN gene. " 01/01/1997 - "To ascertain whether concomitant expression of Escherichia coli deaminase (CD) and herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase (HSV-1 TK) could mediate greater levels of cytotoxicity beyond that observed with either suicide gene alone, 9L gliosarcoma cells were transduced with a retrovirus encoding a CD/HSV-1 TK fusion gene. " 03/20/1996 - "Curative potential of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene transfer in rats with 9L gliosarcoma." 01/01/1997 - "Rats (n = 22) were intrahemispherically implanted with a thymidine kinase (TK)-positive 9L gliosarcoma cell line, where TK served as the tumor marker. " 07/01/1997 - "Induction of acquired immunity in rats that have eliminated intracranial gliosarcoma cells by the expression of herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase gene and ganciclovir administration."
4.	Ganciclovir (Cytovene)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1997 - "9L gliosarcoma cells, transduced efficiently in vitro, were highly sensitive to ganciclovir (GCV). " 11/15/1994 - "The combination of hrR3 plus ganciclovir led to the long-term survival of 48% of rats harboring intracerebral 9L gliosarcomas compared to 20% survival in the hrR3 group (P < 0.05). " 05/01/1997 - "hrR3-mediated oncolysis was enhanced by ganciclovir in the gliosarcoma but not in the three colorectal carcinomas. " 11/20/1997 - "The MGH-1 vector did not achieve significant prolongation of survival in vivo in the syngeneic 9L rat gliosarcoma model for either single brain tumor focus or multiple intracerebral and leptomeningeal tumors, when the vector was applied intratumorally or intrathecally, respectively, and with or without subsequent ganciclovir (GCV) treatment. " 07/01/1997 - "Induction of acquired immunity in rats that have eliminated intracranial gliosarcoma cells by the expression of herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase gene and ganciclovir administration."
5.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2007 - "Female F344 rats were implanted with 9L gliosarcoma tumors either intracranially or subcutaneously and treated with 1 mg/kg cisplatin injected i.p. " 09/01/1988 - "In 14 9L gliosarcoma bearing rats and 3 normal rats cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) delivery to tumor and normal brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" 04/01/1997 - "Intralesional sustained release of cisplatin from biodegradable polymer is safe and effective for the treatment of brain 9L gliosarcoma in rats." 12/01/1996 - "Efficacy of intralesionally administered cisplatin-impregnated biodegradable polymer for the treatment of 9L gliosarcoma in the rat." 11/01/2007 - "Enhancement of cisplatin efficacy by thalidomide in a 9L rat gliosarcoma model."
6.	Paclitaxel (Taxol)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2012 - "Paclitaxel has been previously incorporated into a biodegradable gel depot delivery system (OncoGel) and in this study the authors evaluated the safety of intramedullary injections of OncoGel in rats and its efficacy against an intramedullary rat gliosarcoma. " 01/01/2012 - "Efficacy of OncoGel was tested in 61 Fischer-344 rats implanted with an intramedullary injection of 9L gliosarcoma containing 100,000 cells in 5 μl of medium, and randomized to receive OncoGel administered on the same day (in 32 rats) or 5 days after tumor implantation (in 29 rats) using either 1.5 mg/ml or 3.0 mg/ml doses of paclitaxel. " 01/01/2012 - "Delayed onset of paresis in rats with experimental intramedullary spinal cord gliosarcoma following intratumoral administration of the paclitaxel delivery system OncoGel." 08/15/2003 - "In vivo, Paclimer implants placed intracranially in rats released active drug for up to 30 days after implantation and doubled the median survival of rats bearing established 9L gliosarcomas (median survival of paclitaxel-treated animals = 35 days; median survival of control-treated animal = 16 days; P < 0.0001). " 01/01/1992 - "In the second experiment another schedule of treatment was chosen because of the fast growth pattern of the xenografted human gliosarcoma: free taxol and liposome-encapsulated taxol were administered for five consecutive days and three courses of treatment were performed with two rest periods of two days. "
7.	carbogenIBA 03/01/2005 - "Flow maps of normal rat brains and those containing a 9L gliosarcoma orthotopic tumor model conditions were acquired with and without carbogen. " 01/01/1995 - "The dose modifying factor produced by the hemoglobin preparation/air was 1.9 and by the hemoglobin preparation/carbogen was 2.9 in the rat 9L gliosarcoma. " 01/01/1995 - "The percent of pO2 readings < or = 5 mmHg in the gliosarcoma was 49%, this was decreased to 24% by administration of the hemoglobin preparation and further decreased to 0% when carbogen breathing was added to administration of the hemoglobin preparation. " 01/01/1994 - "The addition of carbogen breathing to administration of the hemoglobin solution eliminated severe hypoxia in the 9L gliosarcoma and markedly reduced the severely hypoxic regions of the 13672 mammary carcinoma." 01/01/1993 - "The addition of carbogen breathing to administration of the hemoglobin solution eliminated severe hypoxia in the 9L gliosarcoma and markedly reduced the severely hypoxic regions of the 13672 mammary carcinoma. "
8.	Idoxuridine (Stoxil)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1990 - "The efficacy of 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (IUDR) as a radiosensitizer when administered by continuous infusion into the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of the lateral cerebral ventricle was evaluated in a 9L gliosarcoma rat brain tumor model. " 09/01/1996 - "In vivo, the scintigraphic and antineoplastic capabilities of radioiodinated IUdR have been demonstrated in an intraperitoneal murine ovarian tumor model following intraperitoneal injection; in an intracerebral rat gliosarcoma model after intracranial administration; in an intrathecal rat gliosarcoma model after intrathecal infusion; and in a rat transitional cell bladder cancer model following intravesicular infusion. " 01/01/1996 - "We have been investigating the therapeutic efficacy of the thymidine analog 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR) when radiolabeled with the Auger electron emitter 125I in rats bearing intrathecal (i.t.) or intracerebral (i.c.) 9L gliosarcoma solid tumors. " 08/15/1990 - "The thymidine analogue 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd) radiolabeled with 123I and 125I was injected directly into an intracerebral rat 9L gliosarcoma and found to be a sensitive and specific agent for the detection of this neoplasm in rats. "
9.	VaccinesIBA 10/01/1995 - "We therefore evaluated the efficacy of vaccines consisting of irradiated tumor cells transduced with the murine MCP-1 gene in the syngeneic 9L gliosarcoma brain tumor model. " 05/01/2002 - "These results outline the feasibility of the GM-CSF gene transfer approach in glioma (or at least gliosarcoma) gene therapy and could therefore serve as a basis for the development of an adjuvant treatment of glioblastomas using GM-CSF-producing tumor cell vaccines." 02/01/1999 - "To explore the potential for molecular immunotherapies in the treatment of malignant gliomas, we evaluated the efficacy of subcutaneous tumor cell vaccines in the treatment of intracranial 9L tumors, using 9L gliosarcoma cell lines stably transduced with the murine interleukin-4 cDNA (9L-IL4), the herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase cDNA (9L-Tk) or both (9L-IL4-Tk). "
10.	Hemoglobins (Hemoglobin)IBA 01/01/1995 - "The dose modifying factor produced by the hemoglobin preparation/air was 1.9 and by the hemoglobin preparation/carbogen was 2.9 in the rat 9L gliosarcoma. " 01/01/1995 - "The percent of pO2 readings < or = 5 mmHg in the gliosarcoma was 49%, this was decreased to 24% by administration of the hemoglobin preparation and further decreased to 0% when carbogen breathing was added to administration of the hemoglobin preparation. " 01/01/1994 - "The addition of carbogen breathing to administration of the hemoglobin solution eliminated severe hypoxia in the 9L gliosarcoma and markedly reduced the severely hypoxic regions of the 13672 mammary carcinoma." 01/01/1993 - "The addition of carbogen breathing to administration of the hemoglobin solution eliminated severe hypoxia in the 9L gliosarcoma and markedly reduced the severely hypoxic regions of the 13672 mammary carcinoma. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 02/01/1993 - "Systemic chemotherapy combined with local adoptive immunotherapy cures rats bearing 9L gliosarcoma." 02/01/1993 - "Survival of Fischer rats bearing 9L gliosarcoma in the brain was measured to determine the efficacy of 1) systemically administered chemotherapy with local adoptive immunotherapy (chemo-adoptive immunotherapy) or 2) systemically administered chemo-immunotherapy. " 01/01/2015 - "The histological findings revealed a gliosarcoma and the patient received radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy. " 01/01/2014 - "The presented cases demonstrate that, in rare instances, gliosarcoma may show prolonged survival with after surgical excision combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy." 08/01/2005 - "Despite prognosis of gliosarcomas remains poor, a multidisciplinary approach (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) seems to be associated with slight more prolonged survival times."
2.	Radiotherapy 01/01/2010 - "In the cases of radiation-induced gliosarcoma, the mean dose of previous radiotherapy was 51.3 Gy (median 54 Gy, range 24-60 Gy), and the mean survival since gliosarcoma diagnosis was 6.7 months (median 6 months, range 2-10 months). " 01/01/2010 - "Of the 12 cases of secondary gliosarcoma, all were previously treated with surgery and radiotherapy (mean dose 50.7 Gy), with a mean survival of 13 months since time of gliosarcoma diagnosis (range 6.9-19.4 months). " 01/01/2010 - "A PubMed search of the key word intracranial "gliosarcoma" with and without "radiation" or "radiotherapy" in humans was performed. " 06/01/2008 - "Initially, the patient was diagnosed with cranial gliosarcoma and treated with surgical resection followed by radiotherapy. " 03/01/2003 - "The 9L gliosarcoma, which has been difficult to cure by means of either chemo- or radiotherapy alone, was readily curable by BNCT. "
3.	Immunotherapy 02/01/1993 - "Survival of Fischer rats bearing 9L gliosarcoma in the brain was measured to determine the efficacy of 1) systemically administered chemotherapy with local adoptive immunotherapy (chemo-adoptive immunotherapy) or 2) systemically administered chemo-immunotherapy. " 11/01/2004 - "Immunotherapy was also able to reduce the growth of subcutaneously injected 9L gliosarcoma cells in Fischer rats and to decrease microvessel density within the tumors, in the absence of major organ toxicity. " 08/01/1996 - "To better understand immune responses to brain tumors and to develop possible approaches for immunotherapy, we have investigated the leukocyte populations infiltrating the rat 9L gliosarcoma. " 06/01/1999 - "All animals treated with GM-CSF and irradiated cells were resistant to additional challenges of peripheral and intracerebral gliosarcoma, even when they were inoculated 8 months after initial immunotherapy. " 01/01/1992 - "Effects of gamma-interferon on major histocompatibility complex antigen expression and lymphocytic infiltration in the 9L gliosarcoma brain tumor model: implications for strategies of immunotherapy."
4.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation) 03/01/2014 - "Furthermore, Sox2 deficiency specifically impaired the astrocytic component of a biphasic gliosarcoma xenograft model while allowing the formation of tumors with sarcomatous phenotype. " 01/01/2011 - "Finally we established rat 9L intracerebral gliosarcoma model in Fisher 344 rats and human U251 xenograft glioma model in nude mice to investigate the anti-tumor activity. " 03/01/2012 - "When radiation-induced necrosis was compared with viable tumor, radiation necrosis had significantly lower ADC than 9L gliosarcoma and human glioma xenografts (both P < 0.01) in the central zone, and significantly lower fractional anisotropy than 9L gliosarcoma (P = 0.005) and human glioma xenografts (P = 0.012) in the peripheral zone. " 06/01/2008 - "Amide proton transfer imaging of 9L gliosarcoma and human glioblastoma xenografts." 03/01/2012 - "In this study, one delayed radiation necrosis model (dose, 40 Gy; radiation field, 10 × 10 mm(2); n = 13) and two orthotopic glioma models in rats (9L gliosarcoma, n =8; human glioma xenografts, n = 5) were compared using multiple diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices. "
5.	Intravenous Injections 12/01/2011 - "In a subcutaneous gliosarcoma model, a single intravenous injection of FcdiOH-LNCs (400 μL, 2.4 mg/rat) considerably inhibited tumour growth when compared to the control. " 05/23/2002 - "In rats implanted intracranially with 9L gliosarcoma cells, the retention of radioactivity in tumor tissue was high at 5, 60, and 120 min after intravenous injection of [18F]16 and [18F]17 while the uptake of radioactivity in brain tissue contralateral to the tumor remained low (<0.3% dose/g). " 08/01/1999 - "Whole-volume tumor perfusion measured using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) observation of deuterated water uptake after intravenous injection and a common arterial input function (AIF) derived from AIF estimates in a small set of animals was compared with perfusion measured by the commonly used microsphere method in rat 9L gliosarcomas. " 03/26/2014 - "In the case of treatment of rats with a brain tumor (9L gliosarcoma, a radio-resistant tumor in a radiosensitive organ), the delay between the intravenous injection and the irradiation was determined by MRI." 09/01/2013 - "Gadolinium-based nanoparticles were imaged following intravenous injection in healthy rats and rats grafted with 9L gliosarcoma tumors using magnetic resonance imaging and scintigraphic imaging. "