Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors (Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor)

Neoplasms derived from the primitive sex cord or gonadal stromal cells of the embryonic GONADS. They are classified by their presumed histogenesis and differentiation. From the sex cord, there are SERTOLI CELL TUMOR and GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR; from the gonadal stroma, LEYDIG CELL TUMOR and THECOMA. These tumors may be identified in either the OVARY or the TESTIS.

Also Known As:

Networked: 154 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 19 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms (Germ Cell Tumor)
2.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis)
3.	Sarcoma (Soft Tissue Sarcoma)
4.	Ovarian Neoplasms (Ovarian Cancer)
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer)

Experts

1.	Deavers, Michael T: 6 articles (09/2009 - 04/2003)
2.	Gershenson, David M: 5 articles (02/2014 - 09/2004)
3.	Brown, Jubilee: 5 articles (02/2014 - 09/2004)
4.	Oliva, Esther: 3 articles (12/2015 - 01/2005)
5.	Ulbright, Thomas M: 3 articles (11/2014 - 08/2003)
6.	Vang, Russell: 3 articles (03/2009 - 04/2004)
7.	Matzuk, Martin M: 3 articles (11/2008 - 09/2007)
8.	Young, R H: 3 articles (10/2004 - 04/2000)
9.	Malpica, Anais: 3 articles (01/2004 - 04/2003)
10.	Reuter, Victor E: 2 articles (12/2015 - 08/2014)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors:

1.	Inhibins (Inhibin)IBA 09/01/2008 - "The purposes of this study is to examine inhibin and other markers immunoreactivity to ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors and their histological mimics and to discuss its value in the differential diagnosis. " 05/01/1998 - "Immunohistochemical study of testicular sex cord-stromal tumors, including staining with anti-inhibin antibody." 09/01/2012 - "Inhibin-α and protein gene product 9.5 were expressed in 8 and 10 sex cord-stromal tumors, respectively. " 07/01/2007 - "The solid type, nest type, cord type, palisade type, cystic type and spindle type, which were observed in sex-cord stromal tumors, showed a positive immunoreaction for S100 but little or no positive immunoreaction for inhibin alpha with an exception of positive result in the palisade type. " 01/01/2003 - "Inhibin immunohistochemical staining: a practical approach for the surgical pathologist in the diagnoses of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors."
2.	calretininIBA 02/01/2005 - "Calretinin is another positive marker for the sex cord-stromal tumors but has less specificity. " 04/01/2003 - "Recently, it has been reported that calretinin is expressed by sex cord-stromal tumors. " 10/01/2001 - "Using a polyclonal anti-calretinin antibody, we investigated the expression of calretinin immunohistochemically in nonneoplastic human ovaries and testes and ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors (SCSTs). " 10/01/2001 - "Expression of calretinin in human ovary, testis, and ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors." 03/01/2009 - "In the female genital tract, calretinin was initially reported in Wolffian remnants and related lesions and later used in the diagnosis of sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary, endometrial stromal tumors with sex cord-like differentiation, and uterine tumors resembling sex cord tumors of the ovary. "
3.	Telomerase (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase)IBA 08/01/2001 - "Although activation of telomerase is clearly an important step in carcinogenesis, it is unlikely to be helpful in the clinical management of sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary." 01/01/2002 - "[Immunohistochemical study on telomerase activity in ovarian sex-cord stromal tumors]." 01/01/2002 - "In this report we investigated the telomerase activity in ovarian sex-cord stromal tumors and its relationship with clinicopathological feature. " 08/01/2001 - "The aim of this investigation was to determine whether telomerase is present in sex cord-stromal tumors and whether telomerase activity is indicative of patient outcomes. " 08/01/2001 - "Telomerase activity in sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary."
4.	Aromatase (CYP19)IBA 01/01/2016 - "In conclusion, the expression of P450 aromatase corresponds to specific cell morphology in sex cord-stromal tumors, including recurrent tumors. " 01/01/2016 - "In the present study, 25 sex cord-stromal tumors (20 granulosa cell tumors, 4 Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, and a Sertoli cell tumor) were immunohistochemically examined for expression of P450 aromatase, which is critical for estrogenesis. " 05/01/1989 - "Immunohistochemical studies of steroidogenic enzymes (aromatase, 17 alpha-hydroxylase and cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochromes P-450) in sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary."
5.	bevacizumabFDA Link 02/01/2014 - "The Gynecologic Oncology Group conducted this phase 2 trial to estimate the antitumor activity of bevacizumab and to determine the nature and degree of toxicity in patients with recurrent sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary. " 09/01/2009 - "Based on our observations, a prospective trial has been initiated using single-agent bevacizumab in patients with recurrent ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors." 02/01/2014 - "Bevacizumab has activity in the treatment of recurrent sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary, and its toxicity is acceptable. " 09/01/2009 - "We conducted a retrospective review of all patients seen at our institution from February 2004 to October 2008 who received bevacizumab for ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors. "
6.	HormonesIBA 06/01/1978 - "Hormone studies in a gynandroblastoma." 04/01/1994 - "Androgenic hormonal effects could always be explained by synthesis of hormones by SSBEs present in the patient's sex cord-stromal tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)" 05/01/2012 - "Pediatric ovarian and testicular sex cord-stromal tumors are distinct from germ cell neoplasms and may present with palpable mass or signs of hormone production. " 12/15/2004 - "The high frequency of NPY receptors in steroid hormone-producing ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors, together with the known influence of NPY on steroid hormone and catecholamine secretion in the rodent adrenal gland, led to the investigation of NPY receptor expression in the human adrenal gland and related tumors. " 05/01/2014 - "Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary are rare tumor of ovary, included in the sex cord-stromal tumor category, hormone secreting. "
7.	Ovarian epithelial cancerIBA 12/01/2014 - "Thirty-eight (92 %) patients were diagnosed with stage I, and one (2 %) with each of stages II, III, and IV. Twenty-five (61 %) patients had borderline malignancy, 8 (20 %) were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer, 7 (17 %) with germ cell tumor, and one with sex cord stromal tumor. " 09/21/2005 - "Among the patients, 136 cases suffered from ovarian germ cell tumor (OGCT), 31 cases suffered from ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor (OSCST), and 22 cases suffered from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). " 12/01/1994 - "Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCT) and sex cord-stromal tumors (OSCST), each of which account for less than 5% of all ovarian malignancies, are much less common than epithelial ovarian cancer. " 07/01/1994 - "Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCT) and sex cord stromal tumors (SCST) are much less common than epithelial ovarian cancer, each accounting for less than 5% of all ovarian malignancies. " 12/01/2005 - "The aim of this study is to evaluate the reproductive history, experiences, attitudes, and emotions with regard to having children in conservatively treated patients with Stage I epithelial ovarian cancer, any stage LMP tumors, malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs) and Stage I sex cord-stromal tumors (SCSTs). "
8.	GonadotropinsIBA 08/01/2001 - "In this study the effect of continuous stimulation of gonadotropins on sex cord stromal tumors in the rat was examined. " 05/01/2014 - "Ovarian hyperstimulation in response to high gonadotropin levels in preterm girls could mediate disease risk through the proliferative and steroidogenic effects of FSH and LH on granulosa and theca cells, from which most sex-cord stromal tumors are derived." 11/01/2000 - "No evidence of somatic activating mutations on gonadotropin receptor genes in sex cord stromal tumors." 08/01/2001 - "Role of gonadotropins in malignant progression of sex cord stromal tumors produced by sequential auto- and isogenic transplantation of ovarian tissue in ovariectomized rats." 12/15/1985 - "These data suggest that sex cord stromal tumors, unlike the more common epithelial tumors, can be modulated directly by gonadotropin."
9.	VimentinIBA 08/01/1998 - "CD99, keratin, and vimentin staining of sex cord-stromal tumors, normal ovary, and testis." 05/01/1994 - "Histogenetic consideration of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors analyzed by expression pattern of cytokeratins, vimentin, and laminin. " 01/01/1983 - "Tumors derived from surface epithelium, including Brenner tumors, expressed prekeratin in the epithelial cells, whereas sex cord-stromal tumors showed only vimentin-type IMF. " 05/01/1994 - "A total of 30 sex cord-stromal tumors including 9 adult type and 5 juvenile type granulosa cell tumors (GCTs), 4 Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLTs), 1 gynandroblastoma, 5 thecomas, 2 fibromas and 3 sclerosing stromal tumors were immunohistochemically evaluated by means of cytokeratins of different molecular weight, vimentin and laminin with regard to the histogenesis of these tumors and to the embryogenesis of the sex cord and stroma of developing gonads. " 07/01/2007 - "Canine ovarian tumors (epithelial tumor, sex-cord stromal tumor, germ cell tumor) classifying into 9 histological types were examined immunohistochemically using placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), cytokeratin7 (CK7), desmin, S100, AE1/AE3, inhibin alpha, vimentin, and alfa feto-protein (AFP). "
10.	EnzymesIBA 04/01/1994 - "Sex steroid biosynthesis enzymes in ovarian sex-cord stromal tumors." 09/01/1995 - "In ovarian sex cord stromal tumors, Ad4BP expression was observed in tumor cells that were positive for steroidogenic enzymes, but not in nonsteroidogenic tumor cells. " 12/01/1989 - "This review provides the localization of sex-steroid hormone biosynthesis in normal and pathological human ovaries including sex-cord stromal tumors, hyperthecosis and Brenner tumor, as determined by the tissue distribution of immunoreactivity of individual enzymes specific for different stages of the biosynthetic process." 05/01/1989 - "Immunohistochemical studies of steroidogenic enzymes (aromatase, 17 alpha-hydroxylase and cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochromes P-450) in sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lymph Node Excision (Lymph Node Dissection) 08/01/2014 - "Patients with testicular sex cord-stromal tumors and 1 or no high risk feature can be safely observed without retroperitoneal lymph node dissection but longer followup is needed. " 08/15/2003 - "The authors attempt to evaluate the role of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in the management of patients with these malignant sex cord-stromal tumors. " 04/01/2009 - "Patterns of metastasis in sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary: can routine staging lymphadenectomy be omitted?" 01/01/2007 - "More specifically, lymphadenectomy improved the survival in those with non-clear cell epithelial ovarian cancer (85.9% to 93.3%, P<.001) but not in those with clear cell carcinoma, germ cell tumors, sex cord stromal tumors, and sarcomas. "
2.	Orchiectomy (Orchidectomy) 02/01/2015 - "Clinical outcome in testicular sex cord stromal tumors: testis sparing vs. radical orchiectomy and management of advanced disease." 01/01/2009 - "The radical orchiectomy specimen contained an undifferentiated spindled sex cord-stromal tumor arising in the rete testis. " 01/01/2007 - "Excisional biopsy and subsequent orchidectomy was preformed and the final pathology supported the diagnosis of undifferentiated sex cord-stromal tumor. " 03/01/1984 - "We report a case of sex cord-stromal tumor in the testis, which metastasized to the retroperitoneal space, resulting in death 13 months after orchiectomy. " 11/01/2014 - "Myoid gonadal stromal tumors are small (<4 cm) indolent testicular tumors distinctly different from other sex cord-stromal tumors and are adequately managed by orchiectomy."
3.	Ovariectomy (Oophorectomy) 01/01/2011 - "A 52-year-old Moroccan woman with an sex cord-stromal tumors underwent a bilateral oophorectomy. " 09/01/1998 - "When the histology of the tissue subsequently became known, a left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed for gynandroblastoma. " 02/01/2010 - "The results suggest that this tumor is a possible complication of incomplete ovarian excision at the time of ovariectomy and consisted of uncommon hybrid of luteal and Sertoli cells to be diagnosed as an unclassified sex cord-stromal tumor if applied in human cases. " 01/01/2012 - "On the basis of the clinical diagnosis of sex cord stromal tumor containing a mature cystic teratoma, she underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. "
4.	Hysterectomy 01/01/2004 - "Resection of the tumor without hysterectomy and close follow-up may preserve fertility without compromising survival in patients with uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors." 01/01/2012 - "On the basis of the clinical diagnosis of sex cord stromal tumor containing a mature cystic teratoma, she underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. " 09/01/2000 - "Endometrial stromal sarcomas at extrauterine sites may be primary or metastatic from a uterine tumor, the latter sometimes being occult and difficult to definitively establish, particularly if there is a history of a remote hysterectomy for "leiomyomas." Endometrial stromal sarcomas of the ovary, whether primary or metastatic, may be difficult to distinguish from ovarian sex-cord stromal tumors. "
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 11/01/2005 - "Sex cord stromal tumors were induced by transplantation of ovaries under the splenic capsule of ovariectomized rats (Lewis-inbred). " 08/01/2001 - "Benign sex cord stromal tumors can show malignant growth after transplantation. " 08/01/2001 - "Sex cord stromal tumors were induced by transplantation of ovaries under the splenic capsule of ovariectomized rats. " 08/01/2001 - "Role of gonadotropins in malignant progression of sex cord stromal tumors produced by sequential auto- and isogenic transplantation of ovarian tissue in ovariectomized rats."