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Olfactory Esthesioneuroblastoma (Esthesioneuroblastoma)

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A malignant olfactory neuroblastoma arising from the olfactory epithelium of the superior nasal cavity and cribriform plate. It is uncommon (3% of nasal tumors) and rarely is associated with the production of excess hormones (e.g., SIADH, Cushing Syndrome). It has a high propensity for multiple local recurrences and bony metastases. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3rd ed, p1245; J Laryngol Otol 1998 Jul;112(7):628-33)

Also Known As:

Esthesioneuroblastoma; Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory; Esthesioneuroblastoma, Paranasal Sinus-Nasal Cavity; Aesthesioneuroblastomas; Esthesioneuroblastoma, Paranasal Sinus Nasal Cavity; Esthesioneuroblastomas; Esthesioneuroblastomas, Olfactory; Neuroblastomas, Olfactory; Olfactory Esthesioneuroblastomas; Olfactory Neuroblastomas; Paranasal Sinus Nasal Cavity Esthesioneuroblastoma; Aesthesioneuroblastoma; Neuroblastoma, Olfactory; Olfactory Neuroblastoma; Paranasal Sinus-Nasal Cavity Esthesioneuroblastoma

Networked: 258 relevant articles (12 outcomes, 18 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Melanoma (Melanoma, Malignant)
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Lymphoma (Lymphomas)
4.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
5.	Glioma (Gliomas)

Experts

1.	Curry, William T: 5 articles (02/2014 - 09/2008)
2.	Lin, Derrick T: 5 articles (02/2014 - 09/2008)
3.	Eloy, Jean Anderson: 4 articles (01/2014 - 01/2012)
4.	Liu, James K: 4 articles (01/2014 - 01/2012)
5.	Hanna, Ehab Y: 3 articles (12/2015 - 10/2014)
6.	Deschler, Daniel G: 3 articles (02/2014 - 09/2008)
7.	Batra, Pete S: 3 articles (05/2012 - 01/2010)
8.	Citardi, Martin J: 3 articles (05/2012 - 01/2010)
9.	Takes, Robert P: 2 articles (12/2015 - 11/2010)
10.	Ferlito, Alfio: 2 articles (12/2015 - 11/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Olfactory Esthesioneuroblastoma:

1.	Protons (Proton)IBA 09/01/2008 - "To determine the efficacy of craniofacial resection and proton radiation for the management of esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB). " 07/01/2007 - "To analyze the feasibility and efficacy of proton-beam therapy (PBT) for olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) as a definitive treatment, by reviewing our preliminary experience. " 09/01/2015 - "Proton therapy for esthesioneuroblastoma: Can we shed some light on a murky topic?" 09/01/2015 - "Proton therapy for pediatric and adolescent esthesioneuroblastoma." 07/01/2007 - "Proton-beam therapy for olfactory neuroblastoma."
2.	Nasopharyngeal carcinomaIBA 09/01/2015 - "Eight of these patients underwent RT treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, one for olfactory neuroblastoma, and another for nasal plasmacytoma. " 06/26/2012 - "Six studies on head and neck cancers include orbital and intraocular lymphoma, mucosal melanoma, pediatric nasopharyngeal carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the salivary glands. " 11/01/1999 - "Confirming the diagnosis of SNUC at the light microscopic level can be challenging, since the microscopic differential diagnosis includes olfactory neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (lymphoepithelioma), malignant lymphoma, malignant melanoma, and neuroendocrine (small cell undifferentiated; oat cell) carcinoma. " 01/01/2015 - "The most common pathologies addressed included pituitary adenoma, Rathke cyst, chordoma, esthesioneuroblastoma, meningioma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. " 04/01/2009 - "The pathological diagnosis of the cavernous sinus lesions showed 3 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 2 patients with meningioma, 1 patient with esthesioneuroblastoma, 1 giant cell tumor of bone, 1 small cell carcinoma from the lungs, 1 fungal granuloma, and 1 schwannoma. "
3.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2000 - "We recommend systemic control using cisplatin-based chemotherapy in addition to irradiation to prevent local recurrence in cases of advanced or metastatic olfactory neuroblastoma." 05/01/1998 - "This series suggests that cisplatin-based chemotherapy is active in advanced, high-grade esthesioneuroblastoma and is a reasonable choice in the systemic treatment of these patients." 11/15/2004 - "Eleven consecutive patients with newly diagnosed olfactory neuroblastoma were treated with etoposide (75 mg/m2), ifosfamide (1000 mg/m2), and cisplatin (20 mg/m2) all administered intravenously on Days 1-5. Cycles were repeated every 21 days. " 11/15/2004 - "Neoadjuvant etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin for the treatment of olfactory neuroblastoma." 11/15/2004 - "The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the combination of etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP) for patients with olfactory neuroblastoma. "
4.	Etoposide (VP 16)FDA LinkGeneric 03/15/1994 - "A 3-year-old boy had localized esthesioneuroblastoma and received 2 courses of carboplatin (200 mg/m2/day during a 1-hour infusion for 3 consecutive days) associated with etoposide (150 mg/m2/day after carboplatin). " 11/15/2004 - "Eleven consecutive patients with newly diagnosed olfactory neuroblastoma were treated with etoposide (75 mg/m2), ifosfamide (1000 mg/m2), and cisplatin (20 mg/m2) all administered intravenously on Days 1-5. Cycles were repeated every 21 days. " 11/15/2004 - "Neoadjuvant etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin for the treatment of olfactory neuroblastoma." 11/15/2004 - "The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the combination of etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP) for patients with olfactory neuroblastoma. " 05/01/2010 - "Advanced adult esthesioneuroblastoma successfully treated with cisplatin and etoposide alternated with doxorubicin, ifosfamide and vincristine."
5.	Ifosfamide FDA LinkGeneric 11/15/2004 - "Eleven consecutive patients with newly diagnosed olfactory neuroblastoma were treated with etoposide (75 mg/m2), ifosfamide (1000 mg/m2), and cisplatin (20 mg/m2) all administered intravenously on Days 1-5. Cycles were repeated every 21 days. " 11/15/2004 - "Neoadjuvant etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin for the treatment of olfactory neuroblastoma." 11/15/2004 - "The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the combination of etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP) for patients with olfactory neuroblastoma. " 05/01/2010 - "Advanced adult esthesioneuroblastoma successfully treated with cisplatin and etoposide alternated with doxorubicin, ifosfamide and vincristine."
6.	Monoclonal AntibodiesIBA 07/15/1982 - "Neuronal origin of human esthesioneuroblastoma demonstrated with anti-neurofilament monoclonal antibodies." 09/01/1995 - "Immunohistochemical analyses with MIB 1 monoclonal antibodies, directed against recombinant parts of Ki-67 antigen, were performed to estimate the proliferative potential of the esthesioneuroblastomas. " 06/01/1988 - "The efficacy of two new monoclonal antibodies with cell lineage-restricted reactivity (HMB-45 [melanocytes] and anti-synaptophysin [neuroepithelial cells]) was compared with that of "traditional" antibody panels in the delineation of malignant melanoma (MM) of the sinonasal region, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and olfactory neuroblastoma (ONBL). "
7.	anti-synaptophysinIBA 06/01/1988 - "The efficacy of two new monoclonal antibodies with cell lineage-restricted reactivity (HMB-45 [melanocytes] and anti-synaptophysin [neuroepithelial cells]) was compared with that of "traditional" antibody panels in the delineation of malignant melanoma (MM) of the sinonasal region, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and olfactory neuroblastoma (ONBL). "
8.	S100 Proteins (S 100 Protein)IBA 09/01/1986 - "Olfactory neuroblastoma: an immuno-electron microscopic study of S-100 protein-positive cells." 09/01/1986 - "No S-100 protein-reactive cells were observed within the olfactory epithelium of the two patients with olfactory neuroblastoma. " 07/01/1995 - "The present study indicates that (1) although typical olfactory neuroblastomas exhibit PG/NB differentiation, they more closely resemble PG, (2) occasional tumors show GNB and/or epithelial differentiation, and (3) survival rates may correlate with S-100 protein immunoreactivity and Ki-67 LI. " 09/01/1986 - "It appears that the membrane-bound granule-bearing tumor cells of olfactory neuroblastoma are partitioned by basement membrane of S-100 protein-reactive cells and their processes. " 01/01/2000 - "All 9 malignant melanomas and 6 out of 9 olfactory neuroblastomas (75%) were positive for S-100 protein, whereas only 6 cases of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas (19.4%) were positive. "
9.	HormonesIBA 11/01/2013 - "This study reports a patient having olfactory neuroblastoma complicated by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. " 11/01/2013 - "Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion associated with olfactory neuroblastoma." 07/01/2012 - "Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in patients with olfactory neuroblastoma." 12/01/2006 - "Esthesioneuroblastoma recurrence presenting as a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion." 03/01/2000 - "This case provides evidence that olfactory esthesioneuroblastoma can be uncovered by inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion."
10.	Peroxidase (Myeloperoxidase)IBA 09/01/1986 - "An immuno-electron microscopic study performed by a pre-embedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique revealed S-100 protein reactivity in the cytoplasm and connecting processes of marginal cells of olfactory neuroblastomas. " 01/01/1986 - "The immunoreactivity of the anti-Leu 7 (HNK-1) monoclonal antibody, a marker for natural killer cells, was evaluated with the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) method on sections of human paraffin-embedded tissues from 135 tumors of the central nervous system and five esthesioneuroblastomas. " 03/01/2000 - "Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 276 small round cell tumors, including 85 Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (ES/PNET), 52 rhabdomyosarcomas, 10 extraabdominal polyphenotypic small cell tumors, six desmoplastic small cell tumors, 11 neuroblastomas, 23 Wilms' tumors, 20 retinoblastomas, 13 esthesioneuroblastomas, and 56 small cell malignant lymphomas were stained with CD31 (JC/70A, 1:40), using a modified avidinbiotin-peroxidase complex technique, after citrate buffer microwave epitope retrieval. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 05/01/1998 - "A retrospective review of patients with recurrent esthesioneuroblastoma treated with chemotherapy between 1970 and 1995 at the Mayo Clinic was undertaken to gain more information regarding the efficacy of chemotherapy treatment for these patients. " 06/01/2013 - "Objectives Surgical resection in addition to adjuvant radiation with or without chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB). " 03/01/2014 - "Our study indicates that esthesioneuroblastoma is sensitive to chemotherapy and supports the role of combined modalities including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. " 01/01/2011 - "Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the setting of locally advanced olfactory neuroblastoma with intracranial extension." 11/01/2008 - "A diagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma was established, and the patient was given postoperative chemotherapy. "
2.	Radiotherapy 09/01/2007 - "Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of a bimodal method of treatment consisting in endoscopic resection followed by radiotherapy in patients with olfactory neuroblastoma (ON). " 01/01/2015 - "Olfactory neuroblastoma: the long-term outcome and late toxicity of multimodal therapy including radiotherapy based on treatment planning using computed tomography." 10/01/2014 - "Sphenoidal esthesioneuroblastoma treated with sequential chemo radiotherapy: a case report and review of the literature." 09/01/2011 - "A combination of surgery and radiotherapy appears to be adequate treatment for early stages (A and B) olfactory neuroblastoma. " 02/01/2011 - "The role of elective nodal irradiation (ENI) in radiotherapy for esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) has not been clearly defined. "
3.	Combined Modality Therapy 01/01/2011 - "This case report demonstrates the potential efficacy of planned combined modality therapy, including limited surgery and early chemoradiation in the control of locally advanced olfactory neuroblastoma." 08/01/2013 - "Multimodal treatment and long-term outcome of patients with esthesioneuroblastoma." 06/01/2007 - "Combined modality therapy of esthesioneuroblastoma." 07/01/2003 - "Combined modality therapy is preferred over RT alone in advanced-stage esthesioneuroblastoma. " 11/01/1984 - "This case report demonstrates the potential efficacy of planned combined modality therapy, including early chemotherapy in the control of locally advanced, unresectable olfactory neuroblastoma."
4.	Craniotomy 12/01/2003 - "Endoscopic excision of the nasal and sinus component with anterior craniotomy for cribriform or anterior cranial fossa extension is an effective treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma." 10/01/2014 - "We successfully treated two cases of olfactory neuroblastoma by endoscopic-assisted craniotomy with primary dural closure and anterior cranial base reconstruction using a multi-layered flap technique. " 01/01/2014 - "Nasal endoscopic and anterior craniotomy resection for esthesioneuroblastoma: how we did it." 07/01/2011 - "Using a transnasal, transfacial, anterior skull base approach, we have removed olfactory neuroblastomas (OFN) obviating the need for a frontal craniotomy. " 12/01/2003 - "Esthesioneuroblastoma: endoscopic nasal and anterior craniotomy resection."
5.	Salvage Therapy 01/01/2008 - "In this study, we present our experience and treatment outcomes for salvage therapy in patients with recurrent olfactory neuroblastoma. " 01/01/2008 - "Results of salvage therapy after failure of initial treatment for advanced olfactory neuroblastoma." 11/01/1994 - "There is a statistically significant difference between the 5-year disease-free survival for the esthesioneuroblastoma patients and the non-esthesioneuroblastoma patients (90% vs 59.1%; p = 0.028), and aggressive salvage therapy appears to be a more successful option in the esthesioneuroblastoma group of patients." 11/01/1994 - "Four of 8 esthesioneuroblastoma patients who recurred and were treated with aggressive salvage therapy were without evidence of disease 5 years after completion of therapy, and 3 of the 10 non-esthesioneuroblastoma patients salvaged were without evidence of disease 57.3 months after therapy (39% surgical salvage). " 11/01/2010 - "The aims of this study were to provide a comprehensive review of the incidence of N+ disease at presentation, make recommendations about the optimal treatment strategy of patients with N+ disease, explain the role of elective neck treatment in patients with N0 disease, and comment on treatment of patients with late cervical metastases that require salvage therapy, using the literature review of the incidence and treatment of neck disease in patients with esthesioneuroblastoma. "