Pilomatrixoma

A tumor composed of cells resembling those of the hair matrix, which undergo 'mummification' and may calcify. It is a relatively uncommon tumor, which may occur at any age from infancy. The majority of patients are under 20, and females are affected more than males. The lesion is usually a solitary deep dermal or subcutaneous tumor 3-30 mm in diameter, situated in the head, neck, or upper extremity. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2401)

Also Known As:

Networked: 106 relevant articles (4 outcomes, 13 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis)
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Cysts
4.	Epidermal Cyst (Sebaceous Cyst)
5.	Craniopharyngioma (Craniopharyngiomas)

Experts

1.	Cribier, Bernard: 4 articles (05/2014 - 05/2004)
2.	Langbein, Lutz: 3 articles (05/2014 - 05/2004)
3.	Kusama, Kaoru: 3 articles (01/2012 - 03/2005)
4.	Katayama, Yoichi: 3 articles (01/2012 - 03/2005)
5.	Yoshino, Atsuo: 3 articles (01/2012 - 03/2005)
6.	Peltre, Bernard: 3 articles (08/2010 - 05/2004)
7.	Símula, Silvina: 2 articles (05/2012 - 01/2010)
8.	Casas, José: 2 articles (05/2012 - 01/2010)
9.	Terui, Tadashi: 2 articles (01/2012 - 02/2011)
10.	Miyazaki, Yuji: 2 articles (01/2012 - 02/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Pilomatrixoma:

1.	Keratins (Keratin)IBA 09/01/2002 - "Although infrequently reported, prominent nucleoli in basaloid cells and smears containing refractile keratin clumps were very useful clues in the diagnosis of pilomatrixoma. " 05/01/2004 - "On the regulation of hair keratin expression: lessons from studies in pilomatricomas." 05/01/2001 - "To study the expression of eight members of the type I hair keratin subfamily in pilomatrixomas and other skin tumours of follicular origin. " 04/01/1999 - "Previous studies have suggested a coexpression of hard keratins and cytokeratins in pilomatrixoma, a benign follicular tumour which could originate from the hair matrix. " 02/01/2015 - "Pilomatricoma is a tumour derived from hair matrix cells, which shows progressive keratin expression. "
2.	CitrullineIBA 02/01/1968 - "A histochemical test for citrulline daptation of the carbamido diacety reaction to histologic sections with positive results in pilomatrixomas (calcifying epitheliomas)."
3.	Azure Stains (Giemsa Stain)IBA 11/01/1990 - ""Ghost cells" were also present in most smears stained with the Giemsa stain and could thus be very helpful for making the FNA diagnosis of pilomatrixoma. "
4.	MD1IBA 01/01/2015 - "In addition, we found a significantly greater number of pilomatrixoma in patients with MD1. "
5.	beta CateninIBA 08/01/2010 - "This study confirmed that the nucleus and membrane of all the basaloid cells in the pilomatricomas showed a strong beta-Catenin expression, but the transitional cells and shadow cells showed negative beta-Catenin immunoreactivity." 07/01/2001 - "A preliminary immunohistological study revealed prominent beta-catenin staining in basophilic cells of pilomatricomas, especially in nuclei. " 05/01/2014 - "Beta-catenin gene is frequently mutated in pilomatricoma, leading to beta-catenin nuclear accumulation, and to downstream expression of LEF1. " 08/01/2010 - "We wanted to evaluate the pattern and the intracellular localization of the beta-Catenin expression in pilomatricoma by performing immunohistochemical staining. " 08/01/2010 - "The Immunohistochemical Patterns of the beta-Catenin Expression in Pilomatricoma."
6.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 02/01/2002 - "We studied 13 malignant follicular tumours (seven trichilemmal carcinomas, five malignant proliferating pilar tumours, one pilomatrix carcinoma) and 55 benign follicular tumours (four tumours of the follicular infundibulum, seven Winer's pores, eight trichilemmomas, two trichofolliculomas, 16 trichoepitheliomas, 13 pilomatrixomas, five trichoblastomas) by DNA ICM. " 08/31/1994 - "Flow cytometry revealed a euploid DNA content and a high proliferative rate of the pilomatrix carcinoma and in benign pilomatrixoma studied for comparison. " 07/01/2001 - "In this study, we confirmed beta-catenin gene (CTNNB1) mutation in human pilomatricomas (100% frequency) from which adequate DNA could be obtained for gene analysis. " 02/01/2005 - "We examined beta-catenin in a series of pilomatrix carcinomas (15 cases) by using immunohistochemistry and DNA sequencing of exon 3 from CTNNB1, and compared these to a series of benign pilomatrixomas (13 cases). " 05/01/2009 - "DNA was extracted from 86 lesions including 17 proliferating tricholemmal and trichilemmal tumors, 15 trichoblastomas, 7 trichoadenomas, 4 pilomatricomas, 1 pilomatrical carcinoma, 4 basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) with shadow cells, 2 trichofolliculomas, 3 BCCs with sebaceous differentiation, 9 sebaceous adenomas, 6 sebaceomas, 14 sebaceous carcinomas (both ocular and extraocular forms), 2 gigantic horns, and 2 apocrine mixed tumors with shadow cells and subjected to polymerase chain reaction with newly designed primers encompassing glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phosphorylation sites of the CTNNB1 gene. "
7.	filaggrinIBA 08/01/2009 - "Our results for keratin and filaggrin expression suggested that pilomatricoma can differentiate not only towards hair matrix and hair cortex, but also follicular infundibulum, outer root sheath and hair bulge." 08/01/2009 - "The differentiation of pilomatricoma is diversified, and is heterogeneous in epithelial keratin and filaggrin expression. " 08/01/2009 - "To elucidate the origin of differentiation in pilomatricoma, we studied the expression of epithelial keratin (K) and filaggrin (filament aggregating protein) in pilomatricoma. " 10/01/2010 - "Epidermal cyst with pilomatricoma (follicular hybrid cyst): immunohistochemical study with epithelial keratins and filaggrin." 08/01/2009 - "An immunohistochemical study has been made of 53 cases of pilomatricoma using 10 monospecific anti-keratin antibodies and anti-filaggrin antibody. "
8.	AntibodiesIBA 03/01/2005 - "In all pilomatrixoma cases, 3 antibodies reacted with the cytoplasm of transitional and shadow cells but not with that of basophilic cells. " 02/01/2005 - "Immunohistochemistry and dual-immunofluorescence microscopy were performed on 22 pilomatrixoma specimens using antibodies specific to the three proteins. " 12/01/2003 - "Intense nucleo-cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for C terminus beta-catenin antibodies was observed in all pilomatricomas and in single cases of trichoepithelioma and squamous cell carcinoma showing peculiar signs of matrical differentiation. " 03/01/2005 - "To examine the properties of shadow and ghost cells, 3 kinds of antibodies were raised against human hair proteins and their immunoreactivity was examined in tumors expressing those cells: pilomatrixoma, 14 cases; craniopharyngioma, 17 cases; and calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC), 14 cases. " 08/01/2009 - "An immunohistochemical study has been made of 53 cases of pilomatricoma using 10 monospecific anti-keratin antibodies and anti-filaggrin antibody. "
9.	Collagen Type II (Type II Collagen)IBA 03/01/2005 - "Type II collagen expression in the overlying DEJ and chondroid matrix in CMT may be induced by BMP via the same mechanism as in pilomatricoma." 03/01/2005 - "The expression of type II collagen in pilomatricoma is dependent upon the chronological stage of pilomatricoma. " 03/01/2005 - "The number of case of type II collagen deposition in DEJ (DEJ(+)) and in SCs (SC(+)) of pilomatricoma correlated to the chronological stage of pilomatricoma. " 03/01/2005 - "We found type II collagen deposition in the overlying DEJ (16 of 50 cases) and in the SCs (19/50) of pilomatricoma. " 03/01/2005 - "This time, we studied the expression of type II collagen and BMP in a large number of cases of pilomatricoma and extended our study to cutaneous mixed tumor (CMT). "
10.	involucrinIBA 10/01/1994 - "The present study was conducted to determine the immunohistochemical distribution of cytokeratins and involucrin in calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, in order to elucidate the nature and differentiation of this tumour. " 03/01/1999 - "From comparative studies with filaggrin and involucrin, trichohyalin expression was co-localized with them in molluscum contagiosum, keratoacanthoma and pilomatricoma. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Gas Lasers 09/01/2003 - "Carbon dioxide laser resection of a distal carpal pilomatricoma and wound closure using swine intestinal submucosa in a dog."
2.	Otoscopes 09/01/2010 - "To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating preoperative diagnosis of pilomatricoma by transilluminating the lesion with an otoscope." 09/01/2010 - "We have recently noted that pilomatricomas appear as a black mass in the skin when the lesion is transilluminated by placing the light of a fiberoptic otoscope adjacent to the skin lesion. " 09/01/2010 - "Diagnosis of pilomatricoma using an otoscope."
3.	Orchiectomy (Orchidectomy) 11/01/2009 - "53-year old patient with a left testicular mass, diagnosed as mature cystic teratoma of the testis(dermoid cyst), the pilomatrixoma-like variant, after radical orchiectomy. "
4.	Lasers (Laser) 09/01/2003 - "Pilomatricoma, laser application, swine intestinal submucosa grafting, and postoperative wound management are discussed."
5.	Intramuscular Injections 03/29/2008 - "Giant pilomatricoma (pilomatrixoma) following an intramuscular injection."