Cholangiocarcinoma

A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.

Also Known As:

Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma; Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Cholangiocellular; Carcinomas, Cholangiocellular; Cholangiocarcinoma, Extrahepatic; Cholangiocarcinoma, Intrahepatic; Cholangiocarcinomas; Cholangiocarcinomas, Extrahepatic; Cholangiocarcinomas, Intrahepatic; Cholangiocellular Carcinomas; Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinomas; Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinomas; Cholangiocellular Carcinoma

Networked: 7335 relevant articles (341 outcomes, 1077 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Neoplasms: 1324753
- Neoplasms by Histologic Type: 2
  - Glandular and Epithelial Neoplasms: 439
    - Carcinoma: 141855
      - Adenocarcinoma: 58365
        Cholangiocarcinoma: 7335
        Klatskin Tumor: 1116

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma)
3.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
4.	Sclerosing Cholangitis
5.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis)

Experts

1.	Wongkham, Sopit: 117 articles (05/2022 - 01/2003)
2.	Gores, Gregory J: 84 articles (01/2022 - 03/2002)
3.	Loilome, Watcharin: 80 articles (01/2022 - 01/2008)
4.	Sripa, Banchob: 75 articles (12/2021 - 05/2003)
5.	Pairojkul, Chawalit: 74 articles (01/2022 - 08/2002)
6.	Khuntikeo, Narong: 72 articles (01/2022 - 01/2005)
7.	Yongvanit, Puangrat: 71 articles (10/2021 - 09/2003)
8.	Namwat, Nisana: 68 articles (01/2022 - 01/2008)
9.	Nakanuma, Yasuni: 67 articles (10/2018 - 10/2002)
10.	Pawlik, Timothy M: 66 articles (11/2022 - 05/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cholangiocarcinoma:

1.	Gemcitabine FDA Link 05/01/2013 - "Gemcitabine combined with S-1 may be a highly effective treatment for advanced cholangiocarcinoma." 01/01/2020 - "We also evaluated the in vivo efficacy of NUC1031 and gemcitabine using a CDA-high cholangiocarcinoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. " 01/01/2022 - "Photochemical Internalization of Gemcitabine Is Safe and Effective in Locally Advanced Inoperable Cholangiocarcinoma." 12/01/2002 - "In view of the histogenetic affinity between the pancreas and the biliary tract, and several case reports describing the efficacy of gemcitabine in advanced gallbladder or cholangiocellular carcinoma, a number of phase II investigations have been undertaken. " 01/01/2022 - "BCAT study randomised patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma to single-agent gemcitabine or observation. "
2.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 05/16/2017 - "In this study, we demonstrate the essential role and mechanism of miR-199a-3p in regulating cisplatin sensitivity in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. " 09/01/2023 - "Patients diagnosed with resectable stage II-IVa cholangiocarcinoma were administered cisplatin (40 [level 0], 50 [level 1 as starting dose], or 60 [level 2] mg/m2), 80 mg/m2 of S-1, and 50.4 Gy of external beam radiation. " 02/01/2023 - "Cytotoxicity evaluation against cholangiocarcinoma, KKU-M156, showed that the most active compound was 4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7,8-methylenedioxyquinaldine (IC50 20.54 ± 6.82 µM) which was a little more active than the cisplatin standard (IC50 24.39 ± 1.14 µM)." 01/01/2023 - "Synergistic effects of DCA and CQ were observed in cholangiocarcinoma cells, which further increased the cisplatin sensitivity via both metabolic reprogramming and inhibition of the stress response autophagy." 01/01/2023 - "Conclusion: DCA increased cisplatin sensitivity in cholangiocarcinoma cells via increasing the mitochondria oxidative stress and cell growth inhibition. "
3.	1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene (PDT)IBA 01/01/2020 - "Digital cholangioscopy-guided biliary PDT is feasible and seems safe and effective as an adjunct modality in the palliation of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma." 03/01/2010 - "Based on currently available evidence, PDT was safe and effective for patients with inoperable cholangiocarcinoma." 01/01/2021 - "By constructing ferroptosis scores, the prognoses of patients with cholangiocarcinoma can be effectively predicted, and potential gene targets can be discovered to further enhance the efficacy of PDT. " 01/01/2021 - "The results of this study provide new insight for predicting the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma and screening target genes that enhance the efficacy of PDT." 11/28/2019 - "ERCP-mediated PDT can effectively relieve the symptoms of patients with cholangiocarcinoma, improve the patients' quality of life, prolong the survival cycle, and is expected to become a new treatment for cholangiocarcinoma. "
4.	Immune Checkpoint InhibitorsIBA 01/01/2023 - "Whether irAEs can predict the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has not been assessed. " 10/01/2023 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related molecular markers predict prognosis in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma." 08/01/2023 - "Clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in unresectable or metastatic combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma." 08/01/2023 - "Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) exhibits very low response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. " 01/01/2023 - "Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cholangiocarcinoma."
5.	Yttrium-90IBA 01/01/2019 - "Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Is Cost Effective in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A SEER Medicare Population Study." 01/01/2023 - "To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of yttrium-90 (90Y) radioembolization as first-line treatment for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). " 01/01/2023 - "The study aims to investigate the predictability of the radiological response in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCC) patients undergoing Yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with a combined model built on dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics and clinical features. " 01/01/2016 - "Yttrium-90 radioembolization for unresectable/recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a survival, efficacy and safety study." 02/01/2014 - "Modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors and European Association for The Study of the Liver criteria using delayed-phase imaging at an early time point predict survival in patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma following yttrium-90 radioembolization."
6.	pemigatinibIBA 01/01/2020 - "Pemigatinib was effective in patients with cholangiocarcinomas with FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements." 07/27/2023 - "PTPN9 dephosphorylates FGFR2pY656/657 via interaction with ACAP1 and ameliorates pemigatinib effect in cholangiocarcinoma." 02/01/2021 - "This review summarizes the body of evidence about the efficacy of pemigatinib in cholangiocarcinoma." 01/01/2023 - "Pemigatinib in previously treated Chinese patients with locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma carrying FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements: A phase II study." 01/01/2021 - "Pemigatinib, a selective FGFR1-3 inhibitor, has demonstrated antitumor activity in FIGHT-202, a phase II study in patients with cholangiocarcinoma harboring FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements, and has gained regulatory approval in the United States. "
7.	Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2019 - "Oxaliplatin reverses the GLP-1R-mediated promotion of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by altering FoxO1 signaling." 01/08/2009 - "After exposing the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines RMCCA1 and KKU100 to oxaliplatin, the levels of Akt and mTOR phosphorylation increased, as shown by western blot analysis. " 01/08/2009 - "We, therefore, examined the effects of PI3K pathways in cholangiocarcinoma cells in modulating oxaliplatin resistance. " 01/08/2009 - "Inhibition of PI3K increases oxaliplatin sensitivity in cholangiocarcinoma cells." 09/01/2008 - "Oxaliplatin-eluting microspheres for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a case report."
8.	lenvatinibIBA 05/01/2023 - "Lenvatinib is used as the first-line treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. " 06/01/2023 - "FOLFOX-HAIC plus lenvatinib has the potential to be a treatment option for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. " 02/23/2023 - "Lenvatinib inhibits intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via Gadd45a-mediated cell cycle arrest." 02/01/2023 - "Corrections to: Combination of TACE and Lenvatinib as a promising option for downstaging to surgery of initially unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma." 01/01/2023 - "Lenvatinib-induced apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells was significantly reduced when co-cultured with M2 macrophage, whereas apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells co-cultured with M1 macrophage was increased. "
9.	Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006)FDA Link 04/01/2019 - "We encountered a patient with combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) who achieved complete remission in response to sorafenib treatment. " 01/01/2020 - "Although the efficacy of sorafenib against cholangiocarcinoma cell lines has been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro, limited clinical data are available on the efﬁcacy of sorafenib in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. " 11/01/2010 - "To study the effects of sorafenib on lymphangiogenesis in transplanted human cholangiocarcinoma in nude mice. " 11/15/2022 - "Label-Free Imaging Analysis of Patient-Derived Cholangiocarcinoma Organoids after Sorafenib Treatment." 12/01/2020 - "In case of inoperable or recurrent disease, combinations of cholangiocarcinoma-directed systemic agents display superior results over sorafenib. "
10.	Tyrosine Kinase InhibitorsIBA 01/01/2022 - "Treatment with FGFR2-specific inhibitors (tyrosine kinase inhibitors, TKIs) has proven effective for patients with cholangiocarcinoma. " 10/28/2023 - "Computational identification and exploration of novel FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma." 01/01/2018 - "Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are currently under investigation as an alternative treatment option for cholangiocarcinoma. " 01/01/2018 - "Personalized prescription of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in unresectable metastatic cholangiocarcinoma." 04/01/2012 - "We provide insight into the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma and identify previously unrecognized subclasses of patients, based on KRAS mutations and increased levels of EGFR and HER2 signaling, who might benefit from dual-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 05/01/2000 - "OLT in combination with preoperative irradiation and chemotherapy is associated with prolonged disease-free and overall survival in highly selected patients with early-stage cholangiocarcinoma." 01/01/2018 - "The prognosis markedly improved after 2006, when a new type of chemotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma was introduced in Japan. " 08/01/2010 - "Chemotherapy to date has not been effective in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. " 11/01/2006 - "[A case of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma effectively treated by hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy]." 01/01/2022 - "Transarterial Infusion Chemotherapy with FOLFOX Could be an Effective and Safe Treatment for Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma."
2.	Therapeutics 11/01/2022 - "As a consequence of breakthroughs in the area of guidelines research, the therapy for cholangiocarcinoma has significantly improved the efficacy rate of diagnosis and survival outcomes. " 12/01/2017 - "Adjuvant multimodality therapy is associated with improved survival for patients with resected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and high-risk features." 10/01/2012 - "MAOA may be a useful prognostic marker in the management of cholangiocarcinoma, and therapies designed to increase MAOA expression might prove beneficial in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma." 10/01/2021 - "This combination therapy might represent a valuable and novel treatment against human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma." 01/01/2020 - "Advances in imaging, pathology and therapy have resulted in major improvements in the management of cholangiocarcinomas; the mortality has come down and with it there has been an improved 5-year survival. "
3.	Radiotherapy 08/01/2019 - "The aim of this study was to analyze dose-volume histogram (DVH) of the remnant liver for postoperative cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients, to find toxicity rates, and to confirm efficacy of postoperative radiation therapy (RT).Thirty-two postoperative CCA patients received partial liver resection and postoperative RT with curative intent. " 11/01/2019 - "Stereotactic body radiation therapy is associated with improved overall survival compared to chemoradiation or radioembolization in the treatment of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma." 01/01/2023 - "Although radiation therapy has improved the therapeutic efficiency of CCA treatment, differential expression of genes among cholangiocarcinoma subtypes has been revealed through precise sequencing. " 01/01/2021 - "Radiation therapy (RT) is an effective treatment for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma (CC). " 01/01/1992 - "The external radiotherapy proved to be effective in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma in terms of palliation and survival."
4.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 04/01/2001 - "Previous studies indicate that photodynamic therapy provides effective relief from biliary obstruction in advanced cholangiocarcinoma. " 03/01/2008 - "Photodynamic therapy is a relatively new modality of treatment that appears to be effective in patients with local but inoperable cholangiocarcinoma and is capable of prolonging survival." 12/01/2022 - "Long-term efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy-guided photodynamic therapy for postoperative recurrent extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma." 09/01/2011 - "Here, we review mechanism of action, technique, and efficacy of photodynamic therapy for cholangiocarcinoma." 03/01/2010 - "To assess the safety and efficacy of photodynamic therapy for patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. "
5.	Liver Transplantation 03/01/2012 - "The most suitable immunosuppressive and (radio)chemotherapic regimens should be identified in the future, in order to improve the disease-free and overall survival rates of the patients undergoing liver transplantation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma." 04/01/2011 - "To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of liver transplantation for patients with cholangiocarcinoma. " 01/01/1999 - "The only effective treatment for advanced PSC is orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) which in the absence of cholangiocarcinoma has a 5 year survival of 89%. " 10/17/2022 - "A minority of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) can be cured by surgical intervention (i.e., liver resection (LR) and liver transplantation (LT)). " 01/01/2022 - "There is little empiric evidence evaluating the efficacy of liver transplantation in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. "