Cholangiocarcinoma

A malignant tumor arising from the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium. It is composed of ducts lined by cuboidal or columnar cells that do not contain bile, with abundant stroma. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1455; Stedman, 25th ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 3115 relevant articles (130 outcomes, 411 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis)
3.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
4.	Cholestasis
5.	Biliary Tract Neoplasms (Biliary Tract Cancer)

Experts

1.	Gores, Gregory J: 66 articles (11/2015 - 03/2002)
2.	Sripa, Banchob: 52 articles (01/2016 - 05/2003)
3.	Nakanuma, Yasuni: 51 articles (03/2015 - 10/2002)
4.	Wongkham, Sopit: 45 articles (07/2015 - 01/2003)
5.	Pairojkul, Chawalit: 39 articles (11/2015 - 08/2002)
6.	Yongvanit, Puangrat: 36 articles (11/2015 - 09/2003)
7.	Nagino, Masato: 32 articles (12/2015 - 11/2003)
8.	Harada, Kenichi: 29 articles (02/2014 - 02/2003)
9.	Loilome, Watcharin: 28 articles (01/2016 - 01/2008)
10.	Khuntikeo, Narong: 27 articles (12/2015 - 01/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cholangiocarcinoma:

1.	1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene (PDT)IBA 03/01/2010 - "Based on currently available evidence, PDT was safe and effective for patients with inoperable cholangiocarcinoma." 05/01/2005 - "PDT using percutaneous cholangioscopy is safe and effective for advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and seems to prolong survival. " 03/01/2005 - "Endoscopic application of PDT demonstrates promise in prolonging survival in patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma. " 10/01/2012 - "This article addresses the clinical implications of endoscopic biliary drainage, explores past and present study findings with PDT for cholangiocarcinoma, and offers an introduction to the novel techniques for direct visualization." 01/01/2006 - "However, further studies are awaited in unselected patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma before PDT can be considered as the standard adjuvant therapy."
2.	gemcitabineFDA Link 05/01/2013 - "Gemcitabine combined with S-1 may be a highly effective treatment for advanced cholangiocarcinoma." 12/01/2002 - "In view of the histogenetic affinity between the pancreas and the biliary tract, and several case reports describing the efficacy of gemcitabine in advanced gallbladder or cholangiocellular carcinoma, a number of phase II investigations have been undertaken. " 08/01/2014 - "Cholangiocarcinoma cell line TK may be useful for the pharmacokinetic study of the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine." 02/01/2014 - "The aim of this study was to determine the effect of DZNep and the combination of gemcitabine and DZNep in cholangiocarcinoma cells. " 11/01/2011 - "Here, a phase I study of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy, named NACRAC, was performed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the recommended dose (RD) of gemcitabine when combined with external beam radiation therapy for resectable cholangiocarcinoma. "
3.	Primary sclerosing cholangitisIBA 06/01/2007 - "From May 1987 up to May 2005 a total of 150 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis but without evidence of cholangiocarcinoma at entry were included in the study. " 01/01/2006 - "This study demonstrates that CA 19-9 is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinomas without primary sclerosing cholangitis, especially in the diagnosis of peripheral cholangiocarcinomas. " 01/01/2006 - "The aim of this study is to assess the role of CA 19-9 in patients with a cholangiocarcinoma without primary sclerosing cholangitis. " 01/01/2001 - "To study the extent of biliary dysplasia, and the degree of cell proliferation and apoptosis in bile duct cells (BDC) from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), with and without cholangiocarcinoma (CC). " 02/01/1996 - "This study investigated the expression of p53 protein in cholangiocarcinoma arising in association with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). "
4.	BismuthIBA 08/01/2009 - "The radical resection is still the best treatment for Bismuth-Corlette type I and II hilar cholangiocarcinoma. " 02/26/2008 - "Curative resection with hemihepatectomy is a safe and effective option for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, especially for Bismuth III or IV type. " 02/01/2015 - "Initial imaging studies led to the diagnosis of Bismuth-Corlette type IIIB perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. " 01/01/2013 - "The present study aims to explore the value of application of hepaticojejunostomy in surgical treatment of Bismuth-Corlette type III hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma. " 12/01/2009 - "This study involved 34 patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Bismuth type II-IV). "
5.	PlasticsIBA 06/01/2003 - "The combination of photodynamic therapy and biliary drainage by plastic endoprosthesis insertion has produced promising results in the treatment of nonresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. " 07/01/2012 - "Efficacy of metal and plastic stents in unresectable complex hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a randomized controlled trial." 01/01/2012 - "Endoscopic stenting for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: efficacy of unilateral and bilateral placement of plastic and metal stents in a retrospective review of 480 patients." 05/01/2011 - "Optimum palliation of inoperable hilar cholangiocarcinoma: comparative assessment of the efficacy of plastic and self-expanding metal stents." 07/01/2014 - "Endoscopic biliary drainage using metal and plastic stent in unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCA) is widely used but little is known about their cost-effectiveness. "
6.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2016 - "Taken together, cisplatin and HDACIs combination may improve the therapeutic outcome in cholangiocarcinoma patients. " 01/01/2016 - "Clinical application of cisplatin against cholangiocarcinoma is often associated with resistance and toxicity posing urgent demand for combination therapy. " 07/01/2015 - "Our data indicated that mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in the response of cholangiocarcinoma to cisplatin. " 07/01/2015 - "Here we reported that ABT737, combined with cisplatin, can promote cholangiocarcinoma cells to undergo apoptosis. " 07/01/2015 - "Cholangiocarcinoma responses weakly to cisplatin. "
7.	oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2009 - "After exposing the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines RMCCA1 and KKU100 to oxaliplatin, the levels of Akt and mTOR phosphorylation increased, as shown by western blot analysis. " 01/01/2009 - "We, therefore, examined the effects of PI3K pathways in cholangiocarcinoma cells in modulating oxaliplatin resistance. " 01/01/2009 - "Inhibition of PI3K increases oxaliplatin sensitivity in cholangiocarcinoma cells." 06/01/2012 - "We report a case of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) that developed in a patient with cholangiocarcinoma after receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. " 08/01/2011 - "In addition, regimens employing gemcitabine with oxaliplatin and/or fluoropyrimidines have shown promising results and warrant additional investigation in cholangiocarcinoma. "
8.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)IBA 09/15/2012 - "The Hollow Fiber system improved the quality and quantity of cholangiocarcinoma secreted proteins compared to conventional monolayer system, showing less interference by cytoplasmic proteins and yielding more secreted proteins. " 12/01/2001 - "By prolonging survival through blocking apoptosis, these proteins might be reducing the efficacy of cytotoxic anticancer treatments in cholangiocarcinoma." 02/26/2015 - "The aim of this study was to determine the constituent proteins on the cell surface of a model of cholangiocarcinoma. " 09/23/2014 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of EMT-related proteins and cadherin switch in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC). " 09/01/2014 - "This study was to investigate the alteration of EMT-related proteins (ZEB1, ZEB2 and S100A4) in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) tissues. "
9.	celecoxib (Celebrex)FDA Link 03/01/2004 - "Furthermore, cholangiocarcinoma cells treated with celecoxib showed significant reduction of Akt phosphorylation, whereas the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were not altered. " 03/01/2004 - "This study was designed to evaluate the effect and mechanisms of the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in the growth control of human cholangiocarcinoma cells. " 01/01/2013 - "Reappraisal of the therapeutic role of celecoxib in cholangiocarcinoma." 04/01/2004 - "Celecoxib-induced apoptosis in rat cholangiocarcinoma cells mediated by Akt inactivation and Bax translocation." 03/01/2004 - "These findings suggest that celecoxib inhibits cholangiocarcinoma growth partly through induction of apoptosis and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation."
10.	lapatinib (GW572016)FDA Link 09/01/2010 - "To test this strategy, we investigated targeting with the ErbB1 inhibitor tryphostin AG1517 and the ErbB2 inhibitor tryphostin AG879, in combination and alone, as well as with the dual ErbB1/ErbB2 inhibitor lapatinib, to assess the effectiveness of simultaneous targeting of ErbB1 and ErbB2 signaling over single inhibitor treatments in suppressing cholangiocarcinoma cell growth in vitro and the therapeutic efficacy of lapatinib in vivo. " 09/01/2010 - "Lapatinib was an even more potent inhibitor of cholangiocarcinoma cell growth and inducer of apoptosis than either tryphostin when tested in vitro against these respective cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, regardless of differences in their levels of ErbB1 or ErbB2 protein expression and/or mechanism of activation. " 04/01/2012 - "Lapatinib, an inhibitor of HER2 and EGFR, was more effective in inhibiting growth of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines than trastuzumab. " 04/01/2012 - "Changes in gene expression were validated by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry; integrative genomics combined data from the patients with data from 7 human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, which were then exposed to trastuzumab and lapatinib. " 01/01/2015 - "Nine patients with gallbladder cancer and five patients with cholangiocarcinoma had received HER2/neu-directed therapy (trastuzumab, lapatinib, or pertuzumab) during the study period. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 04/01/2001 - "Previous studies indicate that photodynamic therapy provides effective relief from biliary obstruction in advanced cholangiocarcinoma. " 03/01/2008 - "Photodynamic therapy is a relatively new modality of treatment that appears to be effective in patients with local but inoperable cholangiocarcinoma and is capable of prolonging survival." 07/01/2004 - "This 5-year follow-up study confirms that photodynamic therapy is safe and effective for non-resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma, although it does not prevent progression of the disease." 07/01/2006 - "Photodynamic therapy has led to an improved median survival in hilar cholangiocarcinoma in two controlled studies. " 09/01/2011 - "Here, we review mechanism of action, technique, and efficacy of photodynamic therapy for cholangiocarcinoma."
2.	Liver Transplantation 04/01/2009 - "Based on good results using neoadjuvant and palliative radiation, a protocol for liver transplantation in selected patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma was developed in 1993. " 09/01/2005 - "Liver transplantation with neoadjuvant chemoradiation is more effective than resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma." 04/01/2011 - "To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of liver transplantation for patients with cholangiocarcinoma. " 01/01/1999 - "The only effective treatment for advanced PSC is orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) which in the absence of cholangiocarcinoma has a 5 year survival of 89%. " 10/01/2015 - "Selected patients with unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma can undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by liver transplantation, which has been shown to improve survival. "
3.	Stents 04/01/2009 - "Endoscopic bilateral drainage using SEMS for malignant hilar biliary obstruction is more effective than unilateral drainage in terms of cumulative stent patency, especially in cases of cholangiocarcinoma." 06/05/2008 - "(103)Pd radioactive stents which provide a radioactive dosage of 197.321 MBq are effective in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma; (103)Pd radioactive stents should be useful for the clinical treatment of cholangiocarcinoma." 06/05/2008 - "The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of gamma-rays released by the (103)Pd biliary duct radioactive stent in treating cholangiocarcinoma via induction of biliary cholangiocarcinoma cell apoptosis. " 07/01/2002 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an endoscopically inserted self-expandable metal stent for treatment of biliary obstruction caused by nonresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. " 12/01/2015 - "Several databases were searched from inception to December 31 2013 for trials comparing photodynamic therapy+stent vs. stent-only or other treatments for cholangiocarcinoma. "
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 05/01/2000 - "OLT in combination with preoperative irradiation and chemotherapy is associated with prolonged disease-free and overall survival in highly selected patients with early-stage cholangiocarcinoma." 08/01/2010 - "Chemotherapy to date has not been effective in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. " 01/28/2015 - "To develop a safe and effective agent for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) chemotherapy. " 05/01/2014 - "The aims of this study were to determine if pre-treatment serum levels of uPAR forms and a decrease in levels during chemotherapy are predictive of survival in patients with inoperable cholangiocarcinoma. " 02/01/2014 - "Intrabiliary RF heat-enhanced local chemotherapy of a cholangiocarcinoma cell line: monitoring with dual-modality imaging--preclinical study."
5.	Radiotherapy 12/01/2008 - "Very promising results have been obtained for cholangiocarcinoma treated by aggressive combination therapies, including chemo- and radiotherapy followed by OLT. " 01/01/1992 - "The external radiotherapy proved to be effective in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma in terms of palliation and survival." 01/01/2014 - "New data indicates that selective internal radiotherapy, also referred to as radioembolization, provides promising results for treating intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma. " 11/01/1995 - "Internal biliary drainage, in conjunction with radiotherapy, appears to be safe and effective palliation of irresectable or recurrent hilar cholangiocarcinoma. " 01/01/2015 - "To evaluate the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) compared to radiotherapy (RT) for unresectable, locally advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA). "