Seminoma

A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 2091 relevant articles (136 outcomes, 193 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms (Germ Cell Tumor)
3.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
4.	Embryonal Carcinoma
5.	Seminoma

Experts

1.	Looijenga, Leendert H J: 15 articles (04/2013 - 02/2002)
2.	Warde, Padraig: 13 articles (01/2015 - 11/2002)
3.	Albers, Peter: 13 articles (01/2015 - 09/2002)
4.	Ulbright, Thomas M: 13 articles (07/2014 - 05/2002)
5.	Horwich, Alan: 12 articles (08/2012 - 04/2002)
6.	Horwich, A: 11 articles (05/2015 - 12/2000)
7.	Rajpert-De Meyts, Ewa: 10 articles (05/2014 - 10/2003)
8.	Fizazi, Karim: 10 articles (02/2014 - 08/2003)
9.	Cheng, Liang: 10 articles (12/2013 - 07/2004)
10.	Gillis, Ad J M: 10 articles (04/2013 - 02/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Seminoma:

1.	Carboplatin (JM8)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1989 - "The results of one study showed that carboplatin was highly effective and well tolerated in patients with previously untreated disseminated seminoma. " 04/01/2009 - "Simple and easy carboplatin administration with excellent treatment results, along with good tolerance and absence of comorbidity, poses itself as a new "gold standard" of treatment for stage A testicular seminoma." 06/01/2013 - "Single agent carboplatin at a dose of AUC 10 is an effective treatment for good prognosis metastatic seminoma. " 06/01/2003 - "Single-agent carboplatin is effective in reducing the relapse rate in patients with high-risk stage I seminoma. " 12/01/2005 - "Adjuvant carboplatin is effective in reducing the relapse rate in patients with stage I seminoma and risk factors. "
2.	Cisplatin (Platino)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2004 - "Possible mechanism responsible for the acquisition of resistance to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) by cultured human testicular seminoma cells." 01/01/1997 - "Early relapse is a rare event in properly irradiated stage I seminoma which is highly curable with a cisplatin-containing regimen. " 01/01/1989 - "During the early period surgically staged stage I-II non-seminoma patients had a slightly better prognosis than clinical stage I-II patients but a similar difference was not observed during the cisplatin era." 11/29/1980 - "During the past few years considerable progress has been achieved in the treatment of non-seminoma tumours of the testis, particularly since cisplatin was introduced. " 01/01/2000 - "Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is highly effective in advanced seminoma, but at the cost of a considerable toxicity. "
3.	Etoposide (VP 16)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2010 - "Four years before, he had received combination chemotherapy including etoposide for seminoma. " 01/01/1992 - "Thus there appears to be a contradictory debate; in the absence of precise staging of "thymic type" tumour and of randomised trials made difficult by the small number of cases one can envisage the following option: In the case of an inoperable T radiotherapy alone, excepting in the very bulky forms (diameter greater than 50% of the chest) or metastases where primary chemotherapy (CT) (4 cycles of VP16-platine) has a place: The treatment of the residual mass after CT depends on the size of the latter: less than 3 or equal to 3 cm by complementary treatment and greater than 3 cm by secondary surgery and if the seminoma is active complementary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" 05/01/1994 - "The confirmation of the occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia as a late effect of etoposide and stomach cancer as a late effect of radiotherapy for stage I seminoma has drawn attention to the need to reduce treatment in good-risk patients. " 12/01/2007 - "The results of our study have shown that two cycles of etoposide and cisplatin is an effective and safe form of adjuvant therapy for Stage I testicular seminoma. " 12/01/2007 - "Two cycles of etoposide/cisplatin cured all patients with stage I testicular seminoma: risk-adapted protocol of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group."
4.	PlatinumIBA 01/01/1990 - "In a pilot study of single agent platinum in 27 previously untreated patients with metastatic seminoma, 82% remain progression-free and 89% alive and disease-free at 5 years compared with 81% progression-free and 88% alive and disease-free in a selected group of 16 previously untreated patients who received platinum-based combination treatment. " 01/01/2012 - "FDG-PET studies in patients with metastatic seminoma and residual masses after platinum-containing chemotherapy were correlated with either the histology of the resected lesion(s) or the clinical outcome. " 01/01/1994 - "One hundred forty-two patients with advanced seminoma treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were the subject of this study. " 05/01/1993 - "For seminoma, however, due to the high platinum sensitivity the possibility of a carboplatinum single-agent chemotherapy for good risk seminoma patients is currently being investigated in prospective trials. " 10/01/2015 - "Here, we present a first case report of a spermatocytic seminoma with extensive rhabdomyosarcomatous transformation and multiple metastatic lymphadenopathies that showed a favorable response to platinum-based systemic chemotherapy. "
5.	Keratins (Keratin)IBA 09/01/2009 - "The necrotic seminomas lacked associated coarse intratubular calcifications and were positive for OCT4 (4/4) and CD117 (3/3) but negative for keratin (0/4) and CD30 (0/4). " 04/01/2000 - "CK7, CAM 5.2, AEI/AEIII, and wide-spectrum screening keratin (WSK) were positive in 41%, 30%, 36%, and 36% of the seminomas, respectively. " 04/01/2000 - "Cytokeratin expression in seminoma of the human testis." 11/01/1996 - "CD30 immunoreactivity in seminoma cells occurred with and without colocalized expression of cytokeratin. " 08/01/1996 - "Cytokeratin positivity in seminoma."
6.	Bleomycin (Blenoxane)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2013 - "We present a patient with a history of non seminoma of the testis and bleomycin-induced pneumonitis. " 01/01/2013 - "FELD better not thinking of metastases only when liver lesions appear after bleomycin-based treatment for non-seminoma testis from metastases." 01/01/2010 - "Eosinophilic pneumonia associated with bleomycin in a patient with mediastinal seminoma: a case report." 02/01/1992 - "This is a case report of a patient with multiple metastases to the lung due to a seminoma, treated with a chemotherapeutic regimen containing bleomycin. " 01/01/1984 - "Treatment-related complications were few, but adjuvant bleomycin combined with irradiation of advanced seminoma resulted in 2 deaths from pneumonitis."
7.	alpha-Fetoproteins (AFP)IBA 04/15/1980 - "Serial serum determinations and cellular localization of AFP utilizing radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical techniques have improved the diagnosis and therapy of testicular seminoma. " 11/01/1998 - "Because this study includes very few patients, further studies are required to better understand the significance of borderline elevations of AFP in cases of histologically pure seminoma." 11/01/1998 - "This study strongly suggests that minor elevations (</= 16 ng/ml) of AFP in patients with an otherwise pure seminoma may not indicate that there is a hidden focus of YST and that such patients should be treated with standard therapy for seminoma. " 11/01/1998 - "Histologically pure seminoma with elevated alpha-fetoprotein: a clinicopathologic study of ten cases." 06/01/2015 - "The diagnosis of a seminoma is restricted to pure seminoma histology and a normal serum concentration of AFP. "
8.	Biological Tumor Markers (Tumor Markers)IBA 12/01/1991 - "Serum tumor markers, in combination with radiographic studies, have significantly improved our ability to evaluate and treat patients with seminomas and NSGCT. " 03/15/2004 - "FDG PET studies in patients with metastatic pure seminoma who had radiographically defined postchemotherapy residual masses were correlated with either the histology of the resected lesion or the clinical outcome documented by computer tomography (CT), tumor markers, and/or physical examination during follow-up. " 01/01/2015 - "Relapses were detected by computed tomography scan/tumor-markers in 87%/3% of seminoma recurrences, in 48%/38% of lymphovascular invasion-negative and 41%/61% of lymphovascular invasion-positive patients, respectively. " 11/01/2012 - "The current results indicated that routine measurement of serum tumor markers can be discontinued safely in seminoma surveillance schedules." 11/01/2012 - "Utility of serum tumor markers during surveillance for stage I seminoma."
9.	IfosfamideFDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1983 - "These results indicate that ifosfamide alone or in combination is active in sarcomas, seminomas and teratomas and that further studies are warranted employing the drug in first-line regimens." 12/01/1995 - "For patients with seminoma, treatment with carboplatin and ifosfamide and selective consolidation is safe and effective." 10/01/2000 - "From 1993, six patients with non-bulky metastatic seminoma participated in a trial involving 3 courses of carboplatin (400 mg/m2) and ifosfamide (2,000 mg/m2, 3 days). " 10/01/2000 - "Carboplatin and ifosfamide performed well and safe, in the treatment of non-bulky metastatic seminoma. " 12/01/1995 - "Carboplatin and ifosfamide and selective consolidation in advanced seminoma."
10.	AntibodiesIBA 07/01/2014 - "Polyclonal hCG and monoclonal hCGβ antibodies detected immunoreactivity in some seminomas (7%). " 01/01/2012 - "Using a panel of antibodies optimised for the detection of spermatocytic seminoma, a rare tumour of spermatogonial origin, we demonstrate that putative clonal events are frequent within normal testes of elderly men (mean age: 73.3 yrs) and can be classed into two broad categories. " 10/01/2002 - "Twenty-nine classical seminomas were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting using antibodies against Bax, Bcl-2, Fas and Fas-L. " 02/01/2001 - "Seminoma cells did not stain with any of these antibodies. " 04/01/1999 - "HERV-K10 antibodies were detected in 12 of 19 cases (63%) more than 6 months before seminoma diagnosis, as well as in four cases with residual or recurrent malignancy more than 1 month after initial diagnosis. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2008 - "A diagnosis of mediastinal seminoma was pathologically confirmed and a complete remission was achieved by chemotherapy. " 07/01/2000 - "Patients who have recurrence after first line chemotherapy have a 40% probability of achieving second complete remission with second line chemotherapy, but will be sustained in only 20% of the patients, although rare cases of advanced pure seminoma that recurred have shown a cure rate of 55% with second line chemotherapy. " 06/01/1983 - "Complete remission in extragonadal seminoma primarily treated with chemotherapy and restaged by retroperitoneal nodal dissection." 07/01/2013 - "The possibility of extending the indications for chemotherapy to selected stage IIB seminoma patients needs to be further evaluated as potentially beneficial in terms of relapse risk." 06/01/2007 - "After the diagnosis of testicular seminoma, he was treated successfully with 4 cycles of systemic chemotherapy. "
2.	Radiotherapy 02/01/1999 - "For seminomas, surgical (and in one case chemotherapeutic) debulking, followed by radiotherapy produced the best results. " 09/01/2009 - "In Stage IIA seminoma, radiotherapy continues to provide excellent results, as the majority of patients will be cured with this treatment alone. " 06/01/2004 - "In stage IIA/B seminoma, radiotherapy continues to provide excellent results, as the majority of patients will be cured with this treatment alone. " 09/01/1996 - "In conclusion, despite considerable haematological toxicity, COC is feasible on an outpatient basis, even after prior radiotherapy, and is an effective regimen for advanced seminoma with only 1/27 treatment failures after a median follow-up of 26 months." 02/01/1987 - "Improved definition of seminoma using step sections and tumour markers makes such patients a more selected group than when radiotherapy was first introduced. "
3.	Orchiectomy (Orchidectomy) 01/01/1999 - "In our study, radical orchiectomy and postoperative irradiation of iliac and paraaortic lymphaticus give good results for patients with Stage I and II testicular seminoma." 03/01/1990 - "Patients with clinical stage I testicular seminoma usually receive elective para-aortic lymph node radiation after orchiectomy, which is effective in controlling subclinical microscopic disease. " 04/30/1994 - "Post-orchidectomy radiation to the para-aortic and ipsilateral pelvic nodes is a safe and effective method of preventing recurrences and is currently to be considered the treatment of choice in stage I testicular seminoma." 01/01/2011 - "Bilateral orchiectomy still remains as "gold-standard" treatment for bilateral seminoma. " 02/01/2010 - "The existing data suggest that virtually all patients with stage I testicular seminoma are cured regardless of the post-orchidectomy management. "
4.	Lymph Node Excision (Lymph Node Dissection) 08/01/2015 - "Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection as First-Line Treatment of Node-Positive Seminoma." 01/01/1984 - "A study of patients with low stage seminoma, randomizing such patients between retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and definitive radiation therapy appears to be indicated." 12/01/2013 - "OCT4 immunohistochemistry detected scattered seminoma cells and small clusters of seminoma cells in lymph nodes previously considered to be benign for an overall increase of 8%, greatest in the setting of untreated retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with clinical suspicion. " 12/01/2013 - "Twenty-one additional positive lymph nodes in 12 cases were detected to harbor scattered seminoma cells, singly and in small clusters, from 256 previously considered benign in: untreated retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with clinical suspicion (13% increase), postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (7%), and untreated retroperitoneal lymph node dissection without suspicion (4%). " 11/01/2013 - "Surgical retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is indicated for all residual NSGCT masses > 1 cm and for persistent residual seminoma masses > 3 cm with (18)F-FDG PET-CT uptake. "
5.	Adjuvant Radiotherapy 01/01/2000 - "Adjuvant radiotherapy produces excellent disease-free rates in clinical Stage I seminoma. " 11/01/2003 - "Adjuvant radiotherapy is still the gold standard for the treatment of patients with clinical stage I seminoma, but the relapse rate of 19% and a 5-year overall survival of 97.7% make surveillance a possible therapeutic option. " 12/01/2004 - "The intensity of adjuvant radiotherapy for stage I seminoma could be reduced substantially in recent years, achieving cure with low side effects and a low probability of late complications. " 04/01/2015 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors affecting overall survival (OS), cause-specific survival (CSS), progression-free survival (PFS), and survival among patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for stage-1 seminoma. " 01/01/2015 - "Adjuvant radiotherapy outcome of stage I testicular seminoma: a single institution study."