Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

A bone tumor composed of cellular spindle-cell stroma containing scattered multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. The tumors range from benign to frankly malignant lesions. The tumor occurs most frequently in an end of a long tubular bone in young adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)

Networked: 471 relevant articles (20 outcomes, 51 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Giant Cell Tumors (Giant Cell Tumor)
3.	Chordoma
4.	Chondrosarcoma
5.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)

Experts

1.	Errani, Costantino: 13 articles (05/2022 - 11/2017)
2.	Tsukamoto, Shinji: 11 articles (05/2022 - 11/2017)
3.	Huang, Lin: 10 articles (01/2020 - 08/2003)
4.	Donati, Davide Maria: 9 articles (05/2022 - 11/2017)
5.	Mavrogenis, Andreas F: 8 articles (05/2022 - 06/2019)
6.	Righi, Alberto: 8 articles (10/2021 - 10/2017)
7.	Picci, Piero: 8 articles (01/2021 - 01/2011)
8.	Ghert, Michelle: 7 articles (04/2017 - 01/2009)
9.	Sakamoto, Akio: 6 articles (09/2022 - 01/2015)
10.	Honoki, Kanya: 6 articles (05/2022 - 11/2017)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Giant Cell Tumor of Bone:

1.	DenosumabFDA Link 01/01/2020 - "A case of pelvic giant cell tumor of bone, complete remission with denosumab: long duration of response." 10/01/2019 - "Denosumab has been used successfully to treat disease-associated osteoclast overactivity, including giant cell tumor of bone. " 03/01/2017 - "Denosumab is a relatively new treatment option for patients with giant-cell tumor of bone (GCTB). " 11/01/2013 - "Denosumab: a new treatment option for giant cell tumor of bone." 01/01/2018 - "Safety and efficacy of denosumab in the treatment of pulmonary metastatic giant cell tumor of bone."
2.	Polymethyl Methacrylate (Sol)IBA 09/01/2020 - "The aim of this study was to present the mid-term functional outcomes and recurrence rate in patients with giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) treated by intralesional extended curettage, electrocauterization, and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cementation. " 07/01/2023 - "To evaluate the mid-term clinical efficacy of microwave in situ inactivation combined with bone grafting or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) filling in the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). " 07/16/2013 - "Contemporary adjuvant polymethyl methacrylate cementation optimally limits recurrence in primary giant cell tumor of bone patients compared to bone grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis." 10/01/2007 - "We retrospectively studied 30 patients with giant cell tumor of bone arising around the knee joint treated with intralesional curettage, high-speed burring, and electrocauterization, followed by filling with polymethylmethacrylate or autogenous bone graft. " 07/01/1996 - "While extensive curettage of giant cell tumor of bone followed by filling in the defect with polymethylmethacrylate has become a common treatment, a local adjuvant is necessary to reduce further risk of local recurrence. "
3.	ChitosanIBA 02/01/2011 - "Effect of water-soluble P-chitosan and S-chitosan on human primary osteoblasts and giant cell tumor of bone stromal cells." 09/01/1998 - "Therefore, it was concluded that the locally used ADM-loaded chitosan delivery system was safe and effective in treatment of giant cell tumor of bone after curettage." 02/01/2011 - "In this study, we found that P-chitosan significantly promotes cell proliferation of both human primary osteoblasts (OBs) and the OB like stromal cell component of the giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) cells at the concentration from 125 to 1000 µg ml⁻¹ at all time points of 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after treatment. " 09/01/1998 - "[A preliminary clinical observation of giant cell tumor of bone treated by adriamycin-loaded chitosan drug delivery system]." 09/01/1998 - "In order to observe the curative effect and general reaction of locally used adriamycin (ADM)-loaded chitosan drug delivery system on giant cell tumor of bone after curettage. "
4.	Tartrate-Resistant Acid PhosphataseIBA 01/01/2022 - "Characteristics of Patients with Giant Cell Tumor of Bone and High Serum Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b Levels: Comparison of Tumor Volume and Clinical Factors." 09/05/2014 - "Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, a bone resorption marker, is secreted from osteoclasts and this marker is reported to be high in patients with giant cell tumor of bone. " 01/01/2015 - "To investigate the serum levels of N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) in giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) patients and the clinical implications. " 09/05/2014 - "We investigated the effects of denosumab and the usefulness of a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b as a monitoring marker in the management of a refractory giant cell tumor of bone. " 01/01/2012 - "Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b is a Useful Serum Marker for Diagnosis and Recurrence Detection of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone."
5.	MicroRNAs (MicroRNA)IBA 01/01/2020 - "Cancer stem cell-based microRNAs have been shown to contribute to a greater extent in giant cell tumor of bone. " 01/01/2020 - "Expression profiles of miRNAs in giant cell tumor of bone showed miR-187-5p and miR-1323 can regulate biological functions through inhibiting FRS2." 07/09/2014 - "Epigenetic silencing of genes and microRNAs within the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 region at human chromosome 14.32 in giant cell tumor of bone." 01/01/2013 - "MicroRNA expression profiles in metastatic and non-metastatic giant cell tumor of bone." 01/01/2020 - "In this review, we attempted to summarize the role played by cancer stem cells involving certain important molecules/factors such as; Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), miRNAs and signaling mechanism such as; mTOR/PI3K-AKT, towards the formation of giant cell tumor of bone, in order to get an insight regarding various effective strategies and research advancements to obtain adequate knowledge related to CSCs which may help to focus on highly effective treatment procedures for bone tumors."
6.	Phenol (Carbolic Acid)FDA Link 06/01/1999 - "The use of curettage, phenol, and cement is accepted by most experts as the best treatment for giant-cell tumor of bone. " 12/09/2022 - "Packing with alpha-tricalcium phosphate followed by curettage and phenol-ethanol ablation for appendicular giant cell tumor of bone." 03/05/2014 - "The rate of recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone is decreased by use of adjuvant treatments such as phenol, liquid nitrogen, or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) during curettage. "
7.	Sunitinib (Sutent)FDA Link 07/15/2021 - "New Target for Precision Medicine Treatment of Giant-Cell Tumor of Bone: Sunitinib Is Effective in the Treatment of Neoplastic Stromal Cells with Activated PDGFRβ Signaling." 07/01/2009 - "The relevance of disease control observed in subtypes with an indolent natural history is unknown, however, the durable disease control observed in DSRCT, solitary fibrous tumor, and giant cell tumor of bone suggests that future evaluation of sunitinib in these subtypes may be warranted." 11/01/2019 - "Furthermore, Denosumab and Sunitinib in the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone has never been reported. " 11/01/2019 - "Denosumab and Sunitinib in the treatment of giant-cell tumor of bone with pulmonary and bone metastases in an adolescent: A case report."
8.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1996 - "The effectiveness of methotrexate eluted from polymethylmethacrylate on cell lines established from giant cell tumor of bone was investigated in vitro to determine the possible efficacy of this treatment. " 07/01/1996 - "Methotrexate eluted from bone cement: effect on giant cell tumor of bone in vitro."
9.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1998 - "We report a case of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) associated with Paget's disease unsuccefully treated with radiotherapy for some years but dramatically reduced in size with high dose of dexamethasone within few days. "
10.	Zoledronic Acid (Zometa)FDA Link 11/01/2019 - "The present study aims to establish clinical, ultrastructural and radiological response of intravenous zoledronic acid on giant cell tumor of bone. " 01/01/2019 - "Adjuvant treatment with zoledronic acid did not decrease the recurrence rate of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) in this study. " 01/01/2019 - "Adjuvant Zoledronic Acid in High-Risk Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Multicenter Randomized Phase II Trial." 07/01/2021 - "Role of Zoledronic Acid Supplementation in Reducing Post-Surgical Recurrence of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies." 11/01/2019 - "Role of intravenous zoledronic acid in management of giant cell tumor of bone- A prospective, randomized, clinical, radiological and electron microscopic analysis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Curettage 04/19/2016 - "Various treatments of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) included in curettages and resections and with adjuvant are exerted, but the best treatment is controversial. " 03/01/1998 - "This study demonstrates that either curettage and packing with cement or wide resection are effective in treatment of giant cell tumor of bone. " 01/01/2022 - "PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The preferred treatment of giant cell tumor of bone is curettage with the use of local adjuvant. " 04/30/2023 - "Following curettage and high-speed burring of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) of the distal tibial articular surface, the resulting cavity was filled, and the articular surface was reconstructed using autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft. " 01/01/2023 - "Comparing clinical outcomes between extended curettage and wide resection in Enneking stage 3 giant cell tumor of bone."
2.	Radiotherapy 03/15/1999 - "Radiotherapy is effective in producing local control in primary as well as recurrent giant cell tumor of bone. " 04/01/2001 - "The aim of this paper is to evaluate efficacy of radiotherapy for giant cell tumor of bone given either postoperatively or as sole treatment, and to assess prognostic factors for treatment outcome. " 04/01/2001 - "Efficacy of radiotherapy for giant cell tumor of bone: given either postoperatively or as sole treatment." 11/01/1989 - "This study confirms that for patients with giant cell tumor of bone, radiation therapy offers an effective alternative to complex or difficult surgery and constitutes a good treatment method to medically inoperable patients." 11/01/1986 - "Records of 15 patients with giant cell tumor of bone treated with radiation therapy over a 35-year period were reviewed; ten patients for whom follow-up information was available constituted the study group. "
3.	Therapeutics 10/13/2022 - "Siglec-15 as a New Perspective Therapy Target in Human Giant Cell Tumor of Bone." 01/01/2021 - "Here, we review the current role of systemic therapy for management of locally advanced or metastatic giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). " 12/01/2018 - "The clinical characteristics and treatment modalities of giant cell tumor of bone, the indications for target therapy, therapy response, and histological changes are also briefly discussed." 11/01/2017 - "miR-30c could suppress giant cell tumor of bone cell proliferation and progression via HOXA1, which might provide a new target for giant cell tumor of bone diagnosis and therapy." 09/05/2012 - "Giant-cell tumor of bone, anti-RANKL therapy."
4.	Cryosurgery 10/01/1979 - "It was clearly established that primary malignant giant cell tumor of bone is a separate entity with a more favorable clinical behavior, particularly if the disease process is eradicated early on either by cryosurgery, en bloc radical resection, or amputation." 07/01/1978 - "Fifty-two cases of giant cell tumor of bone have been treated by cryosurgery--an extensive freezing of residual tumor after curettage. " 02/01/1987 - "[Giant cell tumor of bone treated by cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen. "
5.	Surgical Amputation (Amputations) 10/01/1979 - "It was clearly established that primary malignant giant cell tumor of bone is a separate entity with a more favorable clinical behavior, particularly if the disease process is eradicated early on either by cryosurgery, en bloc radical resection, or amputation." 01/01/2021 - "We describe a rare pediatric case of a phalangeal giant cell tumor of bone with extensive bilateral lung metastases following curettage, wide resection, and amputation. "