Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

A bone tumor composed of cellular spindle-cell stroma containing scattered multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. The tumors range from benign to frankly malignant lesions. The tumor occurs most frequently in an end of a long tubular bone in young adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)

Networked: 208 relevant articles (11 outcomes, 20 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Giant Cell Tumors (Giant Cell Tumor)
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)
4.	Osteoporosis
5.	Prostatic Neoplasms (Prostate Cancer)

Experts

1.	Huang, Lin: 7 articles (11/2015 - 06/2004)
2.	Lau, Carol P Y: 4 articles (11/2015 - 02/2011)
3.	Wunder, Jay S: 4 articles (09/2015 - 03/2003)
4.	Benassi, Maria Serena: 4 articles (08/2015 - 01/2011)
5.	Kumta, Shekhar Madhukar: 3 articles (11/2015 - 01/2008)
6.	Wong, Kwok Chuen: 3 articles (11/2015 - 01/2008)
7.	Quattrini, Irene: 3 articles (08/2015 - 01/2011)
8.	Picci, Piero: 3 articles (08/2015 - 01/2011)
9.	Pazzaglia, Laura: 3 articles (08/2015 - 01/2011)
10.	Jacobs, Ira: 3 articles (09/2014 - 09/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Giant Cell Tumor of Bone:

1.	denosumabFDA Link 11/01/2013 - "Denosumab: a new treatment option for giant cell tumor of bone." 09/01/2011 - "Denosumab has also demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone. " 09/01/2015 - "Surgical downstaging in an open-label phase II trial of denosumab in patients with giant cell tumor of bone." 09/01/2015 - "Future studies should focus on the safety of high-dose denosumab administration in patients with a benign unresectable giant cell tumor of bone." 01/01/2016 - "A 10-year-old boy diagnosed with unresectable giant cell tumor of bone in the sacrum was treated with a bone modifying agent denosumab. "
2.	ChitosanIBA 02/01/2011 - "Effect of water-soluble P-chitosan and S-chitosan on human primary osteoblasts and giant cell tumor of bone stromal cells." 09/01/1998 - "Therefore, it was concluded that the locally used ADM-loaded chitosan delivery system was safe and effective in treatment of giant cell tumor of bone after curettage." 02/01/2011 - "In this study, we found that P-chitosan significantly promotes cell proliferation of both human primary osteoblasts (OBs) and the OB like stromal cell component of the giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) cells at the concentration from 125 to 1000 µg ml⁻¹ at all time points of 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after treatment. " 09/01/1998 - "[A preliminary clinical observation of giant cell tumor of bone treated by adriamycin-loaded chitosan drug delivery system]." 09/01/1998 - "In order to observe the curative effect and general reaction of locally used adriamycin (ADM)-loaded chitosan drug delivery system on giant cell tumor of bone after curettage. "
3.	tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TSAP)IBA 01/01/2014 - "Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, a bone resorption marker, is secreted from osteoclasts and this marker is reported to be high in patients with giant cell tumor of bone. " 01/01/2015 - "To investigate the serum levels of N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) in giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) patients and the clinical implications. " 01/01/2014 - "We investigated the effects of denosumab and the usefulness of a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b as a monitoring marker in the management of a refractory giant cell tumor of bone. " 01/01/2014 - "Early evaluation of the therapeutic effect of denosumab on tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b expression in a giant cell tumor of bone: a case report." 01/01/2012 - "Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b is a Useful Serum Marker for Diagnosis and Recurrence Detection of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone."
4.	Polymethyl Methacrylate (Sol)IBA 01/01/2013 - "Contemporary adjuvant polymethyl methacrylate cementation optimally limits recurrence in primary giant cell tumor of bone patients compared to bone grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis." 07/01/1996 - "While extensive curettage of giant cell tumor of bone followed by filling in the defect with polymethylmethacrylate has become a common treatment, a local adjuvant is necessary to reduce further risk of local recurrence. " 01/01/1984 - "Treatment of giant cell tumor of bone by curettage and polymethylmethacrylate cementation." 10/01/2007 - "We retrospectively studied 30 patients with giant cell tumor of bone arising around the knee joint treated with intralesional curettage, high-speed burring, and electrocauterization, followed by filling with polymethylmethacrylate or autogenous bone graft. " 07/01/1996 - "The effectiveness of methotrexate eluted from polymethylmethacrylate on cell lines established from giant cell tumor of bone was investigated in vitro to determine the possible efficacy of this treatment. "
5.	Phenol (Carbolic Acid)FDA Link 06/01/1999 - "The use of curettage, phenol, and cement is accepted by most experts as the best treatment for giant-cell tumor of bone. " 03/05/2014 - "The rate of recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone is decreased by use of adjuvant treatments such as phenol, liquid nitrogen, or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) during curettage. "
6.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1996 - "Methotrexate eluted from bone cement: effect on giant cell tumor of bone in vitro." 07/01/1996 - "The effectiveness of methotrexate eluted from polymethylmethacrylate on cell lines established from giant cell tumor of bone was investigated in vitro to determine the possible efficacy of this treatment. "
7.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1998 - "We report a case of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) associated with Paget's disease unsuccefully treated with radiotherapy for some years but dramatically reduced in size with high dose of dexamethasone within few days. "
8.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 12/01/1991 - "Tissue culture, DNA flow cytometric and cytogenetic studies of a giant cell tumor of bone." 03/01/2002 - "Seventeen female patients with giant cell tumor of bone had their DNA harvested and their X-chromosome inactivation pattern and polymorphisms determined and compared to control. " 03/01/1999 - "Cytofluorometric DNA ploidy analysis in giant cell tumor of bone: histologic and prognostic value." 06/01/1994 - "[Flow cytometric analysis of DNA in giant cell tumor of bone]." 12/01/1993 - "Molecular analysis of telomeres from giant cell tumor of bone demonstrated reduction of telomere length (average loss of 500 base pairs) in eight individuals when compared with their leukocyte DNA. "
9.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 08/01/2003 - "Expression of VEGF and MMP-9 in giant cell tumor of bone and other osteolytic lesions." 08/01/2003 - "This study aims to investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) and other osteolytic lesions in bone. " 01/01/2015 - "Expression of ezrin, CD44, and VEGF in giant cell tumor of bone and its significance." 01/01/2015 - "This research aimed to study the role of ezrin, CD44, and VEGF in invasion, metastasis, recurrence, and prognosis of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) and its association with the clinical and pathological features of GCTB. "
10.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 10/01/2001 - "RT-PCR showed that 12/18 (67%) cases of giant cell tumor of bone expressed ADAM12 mRNA. " 01/01/1993 - "The results showed that CA II mRNA was located in the cytoplasm of both imprinted and cultured OC-like cells from a giant cell tumor of bone. " 03/01/1998 - "We have examined expression of ER-alpha and ER-beta messenger RNA (mRNA) by RT-PCR in samples from human giant cell tumor of bone (GCT), including: whole tumor, cultured mononuclear cells, and a pure osteoclast population obtained by microisolation. " 01/01/1993 - "There is a significant correlation between in situ hybridization and northern blot analysis for CA II mRNA in both the giant cell tumor of bone and the osteosarcoma. " 01/01/1993 - "On the other hand, no evidence of CA II mRNA was found in either the mononuclear cells (tumor cells) of giant cell tumor of bone or osteosarcoma cells. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Curettage 03/01/1998 - "This study demonstrates that either curettage and packing with cement or wide resection are effective in treatment of giant cell tumor of bone. " 01/01/2015 - "Joint preserved reconstruction after curettage in giant cell tumor of bone arising in the distal radius: Case report." 03/01/2013 - "[Long-term effect of repeated selective arterial embolization and curettage on high-level sacral giant cell tumor of bone]." 01/01/2013 - "Long-term outcome of giant cell tumor of bone involving sacroiliac joint treated with selective arterial embolization and curettage: a case report and literature review." 09/01/2012 - "The authors believe that using extended curettage was not significantly different in percentage of local recurrence when compared with wide excision for Campanacci's Grade II-III of giant cell tumor of bone. "
2.	Radiotherapy 03/15/1999 - "Radiotherapy is effective in producing local control in primary as well as recurrent giant cell tumor of bone. " 04/01/2001 - "The aim of this paper is to evaluate efficacy of radiotherapy for giant cell tumor of bone given either postoperatively or as sole treatment, and to assess prognostic factors for treatment outcome. " 04/01/2001 - "Efficacy of radiotherapy for giant cell tumor of bone: given either postoperatively or as sole treatment." 10/01/2013 - "To evaluate the long-term treatment outcomes for patients with giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) treated with radiotherapy with or without surgical resection. " 10/01/2013 - "Radiotherapy in the management of giant cell tumor of bone."
3.	Cryosurgery 10/01/1979 - "It was clearly established that primary malignant giant cell tumor of bone is a separate entity with a more favorable clinical behavior, particularly if the disease process is eradicated early on either by cryosurgery, en bloc radical resection, or amputation." 07/01/1978 - "Fifty-two cases of giant cell tumor of bone have been treated by cryosurgery--an extensive freezing of residual tumor after curettage. " 02/01/1987 - "[Giant cell tumor of bone treated by cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen. "
4.	Amputation 10/01/1979 - "It was clearly established that primary malignant giant cell tumor of bone is a separate entity with a more favorable clinical behavior, particularly if the disease process is eradicated early on either by cryosurgery, en bloc radical resection, or amputation."
5.	Transplants (Transplant) 04/01/2010 - "From this study it was realized that mixed bone graft is useful graft material for enhancing osteogenic potential as well as maintaining structural integrity for the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone." 04/01/2010 - "We have initiated a prospective study for the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone by mixed (Autograft+Allograft) bone graft in the department of orthopaedics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), during January 2002 to March 2008. " 04/01/2010 - "Application of mixed bone graft (autograft+allograft) in the management of giant cell tumor of bone." 04/01/2010 - "Final clinical outcome of giant cell tumor of bone treated by thorough curettage of the cavity and filled with mixed bone graft (freeze dried radiation sterilized bone allograft+autogenous bone graft) in which success rate is 75%(21) and recurrence rate is 25%(7). " 08/01/2010 - "Tumor-segmental resection combined with autologous iliac bone graft reconstruction plus internal fixation has excellent effectiveness for hand-foot-giant cell tumor of bone."