Myelolipoma

A rare benign tumor of the adrenal gland, several centimeters in diameter, composed in varying proportions of adipose tissue, lymphocytes, and primitive myeloid cells, probably a developmental abnormality. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 129 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 6 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hyperaldosteronism (Conn Syndrome)
2.	Adrenocortical Adenoma (Disease, Conn's)
3.	Adenoma (Adenomas)
4.	Pheochromocytoma
5.	Cysts

Experts

1.	Sasano, Hironobu: 2 articles (01/2012 - 01/2004)
2.	Nermoen, Ingrid: 2 articles (12/2011 - 01/2009)
3.	Løvås, Kristian: 2 articles (12/2011 - 01/2009)
4.	Borrelli, D: 2 articles (09/2002 - 05/2001)
5.	Bergamini, C: 2 articles (09/2002 - 05/2001)
6.	Manca, G: 2 articles (09/2002 - 05/2001)
7.	Lucchese, M: 2 articles (09/2002 - 05/2001)
8.	Presenti, L: 2 articles (09/2002 - 05/2001)
9.	Borrelli, A: 2 articles (09/2002 - 05/2001)
10.	Valeri, A: 2 articles (09/2002 - 05/2001)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Myelolipoma:

1.	AldosteroneIBA 01/01/2012 - "Aldosterone hypersecretion from bilateral adrenal glands had been confirmed by adrenal venous sampling and pathological analyses, but PA was clinically cured after surgical removal of the unilateral adrenal gland together with the myelolipoma that was not producing aldosterone. " 01/01/2012 - "It is suggested that myelolipomas may release some factors which stimulate aldosterone production in adrenal glands, although further investigation is necessary. " 04/01/2007 - "One patient harbored an aldosterone-producing adenoma and a myelolipoma as well. " 06/01/2005 - "Although rare, aldosterone-secreting carcinoma associated with myelolipoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of adrenal gland masses." 06/01/2005 - "We present a case of aldosterone-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma with concomitant myelolipoma. "
2.	Steroid 21-Hydroxylase (21 Hydroxylase)IBA 05/01/2010 - "Bilateral adrenal myelolipomas associated With 21-hydroxylase deficiency." 01/01/2009 - "Two adults with adrenal myelolipoma and 21-hydroxylase deficiency." 06/01/1992 - "The occurrence of adrenal myelolipomas is reported in an untreated patient with congenital adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency. " 06/01/1992 - "Adrenal myelolipoma associated with congenital adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency." 06/01/2010 - "The objective of this study was to describe a case of giant myelolipoma associated with undiagnosed congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase (21OH) deficiency. "
3.	Hydrocortisone (Cortisol)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1997 - "We describe a patient with an incidental adrenal myelolipoma associated with biochemical evidence of Cushing's syndrome who lacked the physical stigmata of cortisol excess (subclinical Cushing's syndrome). " 04/01/1997 - "Histologically, two cortisol-producing adenomas, an adenoma with subclinical cortisol production, and two pheochromocytomas (all of the preceding detected during the preoperative hormonal evaluation), three cystic lesions, one myelolipoma, and one hematoma were found. " 12/01/2013 - "Although benign, nonfunctioning adenomas are the most common neoplasms of the adrenal, other primary tumors that affect the gland include myelolipomas, cortisol-producing adenomas, aldosteronomas, pheochromocytomas, and adrenocortical carcinomas. " 08/01/1998 - "Lacerations of adrenal tumors are very rare events and have been described for myelolipoma, pheochromocytoma, and cortisol-producing adenoma. " 04/01/2008 - "In our study group, nonfunctioning adenomas were the most frequent cause of AI (42%), followed by cortisol-secreting adenomas (15%), metastatic disease (10%), pheochromocytomas (8%), myelolipomas (6%), cysts (6%), carcinomas (4%), lymphomas (4%), tuberculosis (4%), and aldosteronoma (2%). "
4.	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)FDA Link 01/01/2014 - "We discuss the association with high adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) states and review the studies involving ACTH as proponent leading to myelolipomas. " 01/01/2015 - " is an association between ACTH excess and increased incidence of adrenal myelolipoma but the direct causal link remains to be established." 05/01/2011 - "How and whether chronic exposure of the adrenal glands to high corticotropin levels increases the risk of developing myelolipomas remains a matter of speculation." 09/01/2001 - "Excessive ACTH secretion over a long period may stimulate the development of adrenal myelolipoma." 06/01/1992 - "The relative frequency of this association, coupled with the observation by Selye and Stone (Am J Pathol 26:211, 1950) that anterior pituitary extracts cause myelolipomatous changes in rats, may indicate a possible role for ACTH in the development of myelolipomas."
5.	Adrenal incidentalomaIBA 03/01/2012 - "The incidence of adrenal myelolipoma is reported as between 4% and 5% of adrenal incidentaloma. " 01/01/2010 - "A giant myelolipoma discovered as an adrenal incidentaloma: radiological, endocrine and pathological evaluation." 04/01/2015 - "The PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched with key words Adrenal Myelolipoma, Adrenal Incidentaloma (AI) and Adrenal Collision Tumor (ACT). " 07/01/2007 - "Myelolipoma within an adrenal cortical adenoma is a very rare cause of adrenal incidentaloma, and only nine cases have been reported in the English and Japanese literature. " 05/01/2006 - "Moreover, a simultaneous large right adrenal incidentaloma (myelolipoma) and a right colon cancer were known to be present in the second and third patient, respectively. "
6.	HormonesIBA 12/01/1990 - "Myelolipoma is a benign and hormone-inactive tumorous lesion, which most commonly occurs in the adrenal gland. " 08/01/1984 - "Myelolipoma is a benign, rare and hormone-inactive tumour of the adrenal gland. " 01/01/1985 - "Myelolipoma is a benign, rare, and hormone-inactive tumor of the adrenal gland. " 01/01/2008 - "Our finding that the tumor did not over-express ACTH or androgen receptor suggests a limited direct role for these hormones in the development of the myelolipoma." 02/01/2006 - "The coincidence of myelolipoma and congenital disorder with subsequent overproduction of the adrenocorticotropin hormone and androgens, might be explained by the incipient of myelolipoma through chronic hormonal stimulation of the adrenal gland cortex. "
7.	AndrogensIBA 12/01/2012 - "However, it may be hypothesized that altered adrenal steroid metabolism may have some role in the development of myelolipoma in our patient with keratoconus; in view of increased occurrence of myelolipoma in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), isolated report of keratoconus in twins with CAH and mice model of keratoconus demonstrating the role of androgens in the development of keratoconus." 01/01/2008 - "Although the precise pathogenesis of myelolipomas remains unclear, prolonged stimulation with high levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or adrenal androgens are assumed to have a causative role. " 02/01/2006 - "The coincidence of myelolipoma and congenital disorder with subsequent overproduction of the adrenocorticotropin hormone and androgens, might be explained by the incipient of myelolipoma through chronic hormonal stimulation of the adrenal gland cortex. "
8.	Testosterone (Sustanon)FDA Link 01/01/2012 - "We report the first case of a testosterone producing an extra-adrenal adrenocortical oncocytoma accompanied by a myelolipoma. " 12/01/2012 - "Computerized tomography abdomen revealed 7.4 × 7.0 × 6.6 cm hypo-dense variegated left adrenal mass [-71 to -51 Hounsfield Unit (HU)] with smooth borders and poor contrast uptake, suggestive of adrenal myelolipoma, which was biochemically non-functional in view of normal overnight dexamethasone suppressed cortisol (1.4 mcg/dl), 24 h urinary fractionated metanephrines [metanephrines 57 mcg/day (53-341); normetanephrines 95 mcg/day (88-444)], androgen levels [dehydroepiandrostenedione-sulphate 112 mcg/dl (21-123); testosterone 542 ng/dl (275-1200)] with normal visualization of the contralateral adrenal. "
9.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)IBA 05/01/2000 - "Complete sequencing and mRNA expression analysis of the MEN-I gene in adrenal myelolipoma." 12/01/1998 - "The role of p53 tumor suppressor gene in the pathomechanism of adrenal tumors was investigated by measuring p53 protein and its messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in 12 normal human adrenals as well as in 56 adrenal tumors (7 aldosterone-producing adenomas, 5 adrenocortical adenomas causing Cushing's syndrome, 19 non-hyperfunctioning adrenocortical adenomas, 5 adrenocortical carcinomas, 12 pheochromocytomas, 3 myelolipomas, 4 ganglioneuromas and 1 hemangioma). "
10.	Androgen Receptors (Androgen Receptor)IBA 01/01/2008 - "Lack of ACTH and androgen receptor expression in a giant adrenal myelolipoma associated with 21-hydroxylase deficiency." 01/01/2008 - "Our finding that the tumor did not over-express ACTH or androgen receptor suggests a limited direct role for these hormones in the development of the myelolipoma." 01/01/2014 - "We analyzed Melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R), Androgen Receptor (AR), Leptin (LEP), and Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) expression using real-time qRT-PCR in two giant bilateral adrenal myelolipomas from two untreated simple virilizing CAH cases and in two sporadic adrenal myelolipomas. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Adrenalectomy 09/01/2002 - "Actually, laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the new gold standard in treating myelolipomas since both showing more effective postoperative recovery than open surgery as well as reducing the number of patients who undergo long and close follow up." 11/01/2012 - "After a histopathological study confirming the mass to be an adrenal myelolipoma, the patient was managed with a right adrenalectomy and then recovered. " 06/01/2014 - "Between June 2000 and September 2012, we performed right adrenal resections using LA and open adrenalectomy (OA) in patients with myelolipoma (n = 3 and n = 3, respectively). " 06/01/2014 - "Earlier reports of laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) for adrenal myelolipoma are limited. " 06/01/2014 - "Laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy for adrenal myelolipoma."
2.	Lipectomy (Liposuction) 07/01/2012 - "Retroperitoneal laparoscopic liposuction with suction units is safe and effective for resection of relatively large adrenal myelolipomas. " 07/01/2012 - "From June 2005 to October 2011, 8 patients (nine lesions, including bilateral lesions in 1 patient) with adrenal myelolipoma more than 8 cm in maximum diameter underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic liposuction with suction units. " 07/01/2012 - "We aimed to introduce a new method of retroperitoneal laparoscopic liposuction with suction units for resection of large adrenal myelolipomas. " 07/01/2012 - "Retroperitoneal laparoscopic liposuction for large adrenal myelolipomas: a report of nine cases."
3.	Nephrectomy 01/01/1997 - "We present a case of perirenal extra-adrenal myelolipoma discovered intraoperatively in a patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease undergoing partial nephrectomy." 01/01/2015 - "This is the first case report of laparoscopic adrenalectomy with nephrectomy for ipsilateral synchronous renal cell carcinoma with adrenal myelolipoma. " 01/01/2015 - "Laparoscopic Nephrectomy with Adrenalectomy for Synchronous Adrenal Myelolipoma and Renal Cell Carcinoma."
4.	Laparotomy 07/01/2013 - "In collaboration with gynecology, midline laparotomy was performed to remove uterus and both ovaries in addition to the right adrenal gland for a 62 × 79 mm myelolipoma. " 11/01/2005 - "A biopsy under laparotomy was performed, and histopathological examination revealed myelolipoma. "
5.	Transplants (Transplant) 05/01/2012 - "The five groups are cystic (serous and mucinous epithelial neoplasms, pelvic lymphangioma, tailgut cyst, ancient schwannoma), vascular or hypervascular (solitary fibrous tumor, paraganglioma, pelvic arteriovenous malformation, Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber syndrome, extraintestinal GIST [gastrointestinal stromal tumor]), fat-containing (lipoma, liposarcoma, myelolipoma, presacral teratoma), calcified (calcified lymphocele, calcified rejected transplant kidney, rare sarcomas), and myxoid (schwannoma, plexiform neurofibroma, myxoma).Cross-sectional imaging modalities help differentiate the more common gynecologic neoplasms from more unusual masses. "