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Paramyxoviridae Infections (Parainfluenza)

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Infections with viruses of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTIONS; AVULAVIRUS INFECTIONS; and RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS.

Also Known As:

Parainfluenza; Infections, Paramyxoviridae; Infection, Parainfluenza Virus; Infection, Paramyxoviridae; Infections, Parainfluenza Virus; Parainfluenza Virus Infection; Paramyxoviridae Infection; Virus Infection, Parainfluenza; Virus Infections, Parainfluenza; Parainfluenza Virus Infections

Networked: 1104 relevant articles (40 outcomes, 71 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Virus Diseases: 1820
- RNA Virus Infections: 103
  - Mononegavirales Infections: 1
    - Paramyxoviridae Infections: 1104

Related Diseases

1.	Human Influenza (Influenza)
2.	Infection
3.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis)
4.	Respiratory Tract Infections (Respiratory Tract Infection)
5.	Measles

Experts

1.	He, Biao: 19 articles (12/2015 - 05/2007)
2.	Lamb, Robert A: 18 articles (04/2015 - 12/2004)
3.	Collins, Peter L: 13 articles (08/2015 - 07/2002)
4.	Jardetzky, Theodore S: 12 articles (03/2015 - 12/2004)
5.	Porotto, Matteo: 12 articles (01/2015 - 02/2006)
6.	Moscona, Anne: 12 articles (01/2015 - 07/2005)
7.	Leser, George P: 8 articles (04/2015 - 05/2007)
8.	Parks, Griffith D: 8 articles (07/2014 - 06/2003)
9.	Portner, Allen: 8 articles (02/2012 - 05/2004)
10.	Murphy, Brian R: 8 articles (01/2009 - 07/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Paramyxoviridae Infections:

1.	VaccinesIBA 02/01/2003 - "In addition, controlled studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of aerosolized ribavarin in the treatment of parainfluenza virus infection and to determine whether vaccines may be effective in these high-risk patients." 08/01/1988 - "Current approaches to the development of vaccines effective against parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial viruses." 01/01/1988 - "Current approaches to the development of vaccines effective against parainfluenza viruses." 10/17/1987 - "Protection against respiratory disease in calves induced by vaccines containing respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza type 3 virus, Mycoplasma bovis and M dispar." 01/01/2013 - "This work provides a basis for understanding parainfluenza virus transmission and protective immunity and for developing novel vaccines and non-pharmaceutical interventions. "
2.	AntigensIBA 07/01/1986 - "Positive results were found in 98 (62.82%) of them, parainfluenza (36.88%) and herpes (23.3%) antigens, being the most frequent. " 01/01/2004 - "The results of this study confirmed that dogs vaccinated subcutaneously with a commercially available multivalent vaccine containing modified-live canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parvovirus type 2b, and canine parainfluenza virus antigens were protected against sequential experimental challenge 55 to 57 months after initial vaccination given at 7 to 8 weeks of age. " 01/01/1989 - "This study pointed out to higher incidence of chlamydial and mycoplasma antigens as well as of parainfluenza virus types I and III, adenovirus and herpes virus type II in group A. " 10/01/2012 - "The specimens of nasopharyngeal aspirate were screened for antigens of 7 common respiratory viruses by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) [respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), parainfluenza viruses type I-III, influenza virus A and B] and human metapneumovirus. " 10/25/2011 - "Parainfluenza virus 5-based vaccine vectors expressing vaccinia virus (VACV) antigens provide long-term protection in mice from lethal intranasal VACV challenge."
3.	Ribavirin (Virazole)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1978 - "In vitro antiviral efficacy of ribavirin against feline calicivirus, feline viral rhinotracheitis virus, and canine parainfluenza virus." 10/01/2015 - "MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed Central (1972 to June 1, 2015) were queried with the following search term combinations: "Oral" AND "ribavirin" AND ("respiratory syncytial virus" OR "metapneumovirus" OR "parainfluenza" OR "coronavirus" OR "rhinovirus" OR "enterovirus" OR "adenovirus"). " 05/22/2009 - "micrantha, exhibited inhibitory activity against parainfluenza type 3 virus with IC(50) (19.7 uM) and TI (24.0) values comparable to those of ribavirin, serving as a positive control." 05/01/1981 - "In plaque inhibition experiments, ribavirin depressed influenza virus plaque formation by 50% at a concentration of approximately 3 micrograms/ml, whereas the corresponding figure for parainfluenza viruses was threefold higher. " 01/01/1981 - "Herpesvirus 1, parainfluenza virus 3 and reovirus 1 were also tested for sensitivity to ribavirin. "
4.	Hemagglutinins (Hemagglutinin)IBA 01/01/2013 - "Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) is an appealing vector for vaccine development, and we have previously shown that intranasal immunization with PIV5 expressing the hemagglutinin from influenza virus was protective against influenza virus challenge (S. " 09/01/2013 - "Efficacy of parainfluenza virus 5 mutants expressing hemagglutinin from H5N1 influenza A virus in mice." 05/25/2007 - "Recombinant parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) expressing the influenza A virus hemagglutinin provides immunity in mice to influenza A virus challenge." 07/01/1982 - "When these same specimens were inoculated into tissue culture, the presence of parainfluenza virus was confirmed in 62 (93%) of the 67 IFA-positive specimens by hemadsorption on tissue culture monolayers (31 cases), presence of parainfluenza hemagglutinin in infected tissue culture fluids (23 cases), or by other methods (8 cases). " 09/01/1968 - "Enhancement of parainfluenza 2 virus hemagglutinin."
5.	AntibodiesIBA 01/01/1995 - "In the present study a young girl at the clinical onset of AICAH exhibited very high titres of antibodies against influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza viruses, rubella virus and varicella-zoster virus. " 07/01/1978 - "As part of a study to assess the prevalence of common viral agents in African wildlife, nearly 3,300 sera from 44 different wild species, from eight African countries, have been examined for neutralising antibodies to parainfluenza 3 (PI3) virus. " 01/01/1967 - "[Studies on the level of antibodies against parainfluenza type 3 virus]." 01/01/1964 - "A STUDY OF THE ANTIBODIES AGAINST PARAINFLUENZA VIRUSES IN CHILDRENS' SERA." 10/01/2015 - "No treatment effects were detected ( ≥ 0.26) for RTEMP, the same plasma and serum variables evaluated in Exp. 1, and serum concentrations of antibodies against or serum titers against bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus-1, and parainfluenza-3 virus. "
6.	Neuraminidase (Sialidase)IBA 03/02/2015 - "The catalytic mechanism of human parainfluenza virus type 3 haemagglutinin-neuraminidase revealed." 01/01/2014 - "Structure-guided discovery of potent and dual-acting human parainfluenza virus haemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitors." 08/01/2007 - "We investigated the binding of human parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 (hPIV1 and hPIV3, respectively) to the glycan array of the Consortium for Functional Glycomics and binding and their release from erythrocytes under conditions where neuraminidase is inactive or active. " 01/30/2004 - "The three-dimensional structure of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) from a human parainfluenza virus is described at ca 2.0 A resolution, both in native form and in complex with three substrate analogues. " 01/30/2004 - "Structure of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase from human parainfluenza virus type III."
7.	Glycoproteins (Glycoprotein)IBA 01/20/2009 - "Chimeric human parainfluenza virus bearing the Ebola virus glycoprotein as the sole surface protein is immunogenic and highly protective against Ebola virus challenge." 08/03/2015 - "Here, we examined the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an aerosolized human parainfluenza virus type 3-vectored vaccine that expresses the glycoprotein (GP) of EBOV (HPIV3/EboGP) delivered to the respiratory tract. " 11/01/1992 - "The trial design included four vaccine test groups: 1) PhV and a bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BHV-1) subunit vaccine comprised only of the virus glycoprotein IV (gIV); 2) PhV and a commercial modified live vaccine (MLV) containing BHV-1 and parainfluenza-3 viruses; 3) gIV alone; and 4) MLV alone. " 12/01/1984 - "A radioimmunoprecipitation assay was used to study antibody responses to parainfluenza virus 3 glycoproteins in human sera. " 04/01/2014 - "A recombinant chimeric bovine/human parainfluenza type 3 virus (rB/HPIV3) vector expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion F glycoprotein previously exhibited disappointing levels of RSV F immunogenicity and genetic stability in children (D. "
8.	4- zido- 5- isobutyrylamino- 2,3- didehydro- 2,3,4,5- tetradeoxyglycerogalacto- 2- nonulopyranosic acidIBA 01/01/2009 - "BCX 2798 was effective in the prophylaxis of lethal and in the therapy of non-lethal parainfluenza virus infection in mice, suggesting further consideration of BCX 2798 for clinical trials." 12/01/2005 - "One of these compounds, BCX 2798, effectively inhibited NA activity, cell binding, and growth of parainfluenza viruses in tissue culture and in the lungs of infected mice. " 01/01/2009 - "This study investigated the efficacy of the novel haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) inhibitor BCX 2798 in the prophylaxis of lethal and the treatment of non-lethal parainfluenza virus infection in mice. " 01/01/2009 - "Efficacy of the novel parainfluenza virus haemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitor BCX 2798 in mice - further evaluation." 05/01/2004 - "Together, our results indicate that BCX 2798 and BCX 2855 are effective inhibitors of parainfluenza virus HN and may limit parainfluenza virus infections in humans."
9.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)IBA 07/05/2010 - "Previous studies of the Newcastle disease virus, human parainfluenza virus 3 and parainfluenza virus 5 F proteins revealed differences in the pre- and post-fusion structures. " 07/01/2009 - "Disruption of the sequence 24-FPVI-27 within the MuV M protein led to poor VLP production, consistent with findings of earlier studies of a related sequence, FPIV, important for the budding of parainfluenza virus 5. Together, these results demonstrate that different MuV structural proteins cooperate together for efficient particle production and that particle budding likely involves host class E protein machinery." 10/01/2004 - "Recent studies have shown that the L proteins of both Sendai virus and parainfluenza virus 3 form an L-L complex [Cevik, B., Smallwood, S., Moyer, S.A., 2003. " 09/01/1986 - "These studies showed that PF3 encodes six unique mRNAs (NP, P+C, M, F, HN, and L) that encode seven proteins (NP, P, C, M, F, HN, and L) and provided evidence of a close relationship between PF3 and Sendai (murine parainfluenza type 1) viruses." 03/01/2015 - "On the stability of parainfluenza virus 5 F proteins."
10.	InterferonsIBA 09/01/2005 - "The preventive efficacy of interferon against four respiratory viruses was different, from high to low, the rank was Flu B (66.76%), parainfluenza types 1-3 (66.75%), RSV (39.61%) and adenovirus (32.86%). " 05/01/2013 - "Preparations of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) that are potent activators of the interferon (IFN) induction cascade were generated by high-multiplicity passage in order to accumulate defective interfering virus genomes (DIs). " 05/01/2013 - "Deep sequencing analysis of defective genomes of parainfluenza virus 5 and their role in interferon induction." 01/01/2013 - "ISG56/IFIT1 is primarily responsible for interferon-induced changes to patterns of parainfluenza virus type 5 transcription and protein synthesis." 04/01/2011 - "Activation of human macrophages by bacterial components relieves the restriction on replication of an interferon-inducing parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) P/V mutant."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant) 10/01/2012 - "Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are uncommon, yet high-risk pathogens after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT). " 04/01/2004 - "Fifteen days prior to transplant parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) was isolated by culture and confirmed by immunofluoresence (IF) from a nasal wash specimen. " 08/01/1998 - "These data indicate that introduction of community parainfluenza 3 strains to the bone marrow transplant unit was followed by person-to-person transmission within the unit rather than reintroduction of virus from the community." 08/01/1998 - "Two consecutive nosocomial outbreaks of parainfluenza 3, in which 5 of 15 infected patients died, occurred in an adult bone marrow transplant unit. " 08/01/1998 - "Molecular epidemiology of two consecutive outbreaks of parainfluenza 3 in a bone marrow transplant unit."
2.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 06/01/2014 - "Parainfluenza virus-3-induced cytopathic effects on lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a bone marrow transplant recipient: a case report." 02/01/2010 - "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus (PIV) can cause significant morbidity and mortality in lung and heart-lung transplant recipients. " 02/01/2010 - "A multi-drug regimen for respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus infections in adult lung and heart-lung transplant recipients." 02/01/2003 - "These findings indicate that parainfluenza virus infections may have long-term implications for lung transplant recipients. " 08/01/2002 - "The epidemiology of parainfluenza and adenovirus in transplant recipients has been clarified, although therapeutic modalities are still limited and understudied. "
3.	Intranasal Administration 05/01/1971 - "Antisera were prepared in rabbits against parainfluenza types 1, 2, and 3, respiratory syncytial, herpes, and adenoviruses, either by intranasal administration or by injection of virus grown in RK(13) cells. " 04/01/2003 - "Immunogenicity of bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus proteins encapsulated in nanoparticle vaccines, following intranasal administration to mice." 06/01/2014 - "The objective of the study was to assess if synthetic bovine parainfluenza virus type-3 (BPI3V) peptide motifs and solubilised BPI3V proteins encapsulated in poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) induce specific humoral immune responses in a mouse model following intranasal administration. "
4.	Immunomodulation 02/01/2003 - "Further studies are required to identify the mechanisms of immunomodulation of parainfluenza virus among these patients. " 01/01/2005 - "Mechanisms of dendritic cells (DCs) immunomodulation by parainfluenza viruses have not been characterized. "
5.	Intensive Care (Surgical Intensive Care) 10/01/2004 - "In a population-based prospective multicenter study (the PRI.DE study, conducted in Germany over 2 years), we tested 3,369 nasopharyngeal secretions from children younger than 3 years of age with LRTIs for RSV A and B, influenza viruses (IVs) A and B, and parainfluenza viruses (PIVs) 1 to 3. Of the children requiring intensive care (n = 85), 18% had hMPV infections, and 60% of these children were infected with hMPV in combination with RSV. "