Superantigens

Microbial antigens that have in common an extremely potent activating effect on T-cells that bear a specific variable region. Superantigens cross-link the variable region with class II MHC proteins regardless of the peptide binding in the T-cell receptor's pocket. The result is a transient expansion and subsequent death and anergy of the T-cells with the appropriate variable regions.

Networked: 679 relevant articles (10 outcomes, 57 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Schlievert, Patrick M: 22 articles (01/2016 - 12/2002)
2.	Peterson, Marnie L: 10 articles (06/2014 - 04/2005)
3.	Sriskandan, Shiranee: 10 articles (01/2014 - 01/2003)
4.	Bachert, Claus: 10 articles (09/2012 - 05/2002)
5.	Rajagopalan, Govindarajan: 7 articles (08/2015 - 02/2006)
6.	McCormick, John K: 7 articles (09/2014 - 12/2002)
7.	Kotb, Malak: 7 articles (05/2014 - 09/2002)
8.	Schlievert, P M: 7 articles (08/2009 - 04/2000)
9.	David, Chella S: 6 articles (08/2015 - 02/2006)
10.	Leung, Donald Y M: 6 articles (07/2013 - 12/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 08/01/1996 - "In recent studies, we demonstrated that the systemic adoptive transfer of tumor-draining lymph node (LN) cells, activated ex vivo with anti-CD3 mAb or bacterial superantigens, was effective for treatment of tumors in the brain, an immunologically privileged site. " 06/01/2010 - "Antibody-targeted superantigens have a potential to become useful drugs for tumor therapy. " 10/01/2007 - "Superantigens tremendously activate T lymphocytes by recognizing the particular region on TCR Vbeta, by which cytotoxic T cells can be well armed to kill tumor cells. " 06/01/2006 - "Finally, the use of native SEs ex vivo-intratumorally and intravesicularly administered superantigens against established tumors-is described and the interrelation between superantigen therapy and chemoradiotherapy." 08/01/2000 - "However, viruses such as mouse mammary tumor or rabies viruses encode superantigens too. "
2.	Autoimmune Diseases (Autoimmune Disease) 05/01/2005 - "These results support the role of B-1 cells in the development of the autoimmune disease in this mouse model and suggest that B cell superantigens may be useful in the management of autoimmune conditions." 07/01/1993 - "The present study has shown that SED, one of the superantigens, modulates an autoimmune disease. " 10/01/2009 - "Superantigens are regarded as one of the leading causes of infectious etiology in autoimmune disease. " 01/01/2007 - "Since B-1a and MZ B cells have been found to be expanded in autoimmune disorders, B cell superantigens, used alone or in combination with other biological agents, may have beneficial effects in autoimmune disease management." 01/01/2001 - "To date, however, there is no clear-cut evidence, either in experimental animal models or in human autoimmune disease, that supports either molecular mimicry (Wucherpfennig and Strominger, 1995; Fujinami and Oldstone, 1985) or a role for superantigens (Scherer et al., 1993) in the initiation of T cell-mediated autoimmunity. "
3.	Rheumatoid Arthritis 02/01/2015 - "However, the results of this study have shown some evidence regarding endogenous origin of involved superantigens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." 10/01/2014 - "In the previous studies using the commercial ELISA kit, the existence of staphylococcal superantigens has been reported in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). " 10/01/2003 - "NKB1 inhibits cytoxic activity of T lymphocytes mediated by superantigens, which is one of the contributing factors in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). " 10/01/1996 - "It has been postulated that mycoplasmas or superantigens thereof might play a role in human rheumatoid arthritis. " 03/01/1995 - "There is ample evidence suggesting that superantigens may act as a triggering factor in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). "
4.	Shock 09/01/2011 - "Bacterial superantigens, a diverse family of toxins, induce an inflammatory cytokine storm that can lead to lethal shock. " 03/18/2011 - "SEB is one of the most potent superantigens known and treatment of SEB induced shock remains a challenge. " 02/15/2004 - "Broad-spectrum immunity against superantigens is elicited in mice protected from lethal shock by a superantigen antagonist peptide." 01/01/2003 - "Certain class II haplotypes present the streptococcal superantigens in a way that results in responses, whereas others present the same superantigens in a way that elicits very potent inflammatory responses that can lead to organ failure and shock. " 06/01/1994 - "Superantigens stimulate powerful T-cell responses that can have marked effects in vivo, sometimes leading to shock or even death. "
5.	Bacterial Infections (Bacterial Infection) 06/01/2006 - "Bacterial infection might influence the clinical response of patients to immunosuppressive drugs, but few studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of bacterial superantigens on the efficacy of the drugs in these patients. " 11/01/2001 - "We investigated here whether superantigens can rescue the host from lethal bacterial infection. " 10/01/2007 - "Bacterial infection might influence the clinical response of patients with immunological disorders including psoriasis to the therapeutic efficacies of immunosuppressive drugs, but few studies have been carried out to investigate the implication of bacterial superantigens. " 08/01/2002 - "We examined whether the induction of a strong type 1 T-cell response during a chronic bacterial infection influences responses to superantigens capable of inducing acute shock. " 08/25/2000 - "Respiratory viral infections are often associated with secondary bacterial infections, raising the likelihood of exposure to bacterial superantigens after the initiation of the anti-viral immune response. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Antigens
2.	Antibodies
3.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)
4.	Monoclonal Antibodies
5.	Epitopes
6.	Enterotoxins
7.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
8.	T-Cell Antigen Receptors (T-Cell Receptor)
9.	staphylococcal enterotoxin B
10.	Staphylococcal enterotoxin A

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Hemoperfusion
2.	Immunotherapy
3.	Catheters
4.	Homologous Transplantation (Allograft)
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients)