Conjugate Vaccines

Semisynthetic vaccines consisting of polysaccharide antigens from microorganisms attached to protein carrier molecules. The carrier protein is recognized by macrophages and T-cells thus enhancing immunity. Conjugate vaccines induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone, induce higher levels of antibody, and show a booster response on repeated injection.

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Networked: 445 relevant articles (59 outcomes, 48 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Dagan, Ron: 14 articles (04/2015 - 06/2003)
2.	Pollard, Andrew J: 7 articles (03/2015 - 12/2005)
3.	Sanders, Elisabeth A M: 6 articles (08/2015 - 09/2008)
4.	Madhi, Shabir A: 6 articles (03/2015 - 05/2002)
5.	Käyhty, Helena: 6 articles (02/2011 - 04/2002)
6.	Cohen, Robert: 5 articles (10/2015 - 06/2009)
7.	Givon-Lavi, Noga: 5 articles (04/2015 - 06/2003)
8.	Levine, Orin S: 5 articles (01/2009 - 12/2003)
9.	Eskola, J: 5 articles (11/2001 - 04/2000)
10.	Käyhty, H: 5 articles (11/2001 - 02/2001)

Related Diseases

1.	Infection 01/15/2002 - "Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines are extremely effective in protecting infants and children from invasive Hib infections; however, vaccine failures do occur. " 12/28/2000 - "Because a limited number of serotypes account for most infections with drug-resistant strains, the new conjugate vaccines offer protection against most drug-resistant strains of S. " 05/01/1999 - "Conjugate vaccines composed of the alpha C protein and type III capsular polysaccharide (CPS) might be protective against most GBS infections. " 05/17/2013 - "Following the success of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in the 1980s, conjugate vaccines for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis infections were developed and proven to be effective in protecting children against invasive disease. " 05/01/2011 - "Protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines have been developed over the last 20 years and have proven very effective in controlling these infections. "
2.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis) 01/01/2008 - "The data demonstrate that children with HIV have significantly increased risk of pneumococcal disease compared with uninfected children; the serotypes included in currently licensed or near-licensure conjugate vaccines include most serotypes that cause invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in HIV-infected children and adults; PCVs provide substantial protection against IPD and clinical pneumonia when given to HIV-infected infants; and HIV-infected adults gain an indirect benefit when children in the community are vaccinated. " 09/01/2010 - "Efficacy of conjugate vaccines for common bacterial causes of pneumonia has been less marked in Indigenous children than that documented overseas. " 07/05/2010 - "Polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae have proven efficacy against radiologically confirmed pneumonia. " 11/15/2008 - "The high efficacy of pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccine in children has renewed interest in evaluating pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccines in adults for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia. " 12/01/2004 - "This review provides the otolaryngologist with the evolving understanding of various aspects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) that are related to their effect on the respiratory tract The efficacy of PCVs against invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia is well established and is documented in several well-conducted studies. "
3.	Otitis Media 08/01/2003 - "Mucosal immunization of experimental animals with conjugate vaccines against Hib, pneumococcus, meningococcus and GBS induces systemic and mucosal immune responses, which provide protection against carriage, otitis media and invasive disease in a variety of challenge models, providing new means for protection against encapsulated bacteria. " 05/11/2009 - "How to compare the efficacy of conjugate vaccines to prevent acute otitis media?" 02/01/2001 - "Conjugate vaccines also provide protection against otitis media and may eliminate nasopharyngeal carriage of this organism. " 12/01/2015 - "This study investigated incidence and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing acute otitis media (AOM) in Catalonian children, evaluating vaccination effectiveness in the current era of extended valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). " 01/01/2012 - "Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and otitis media: an appraisal of the clinical trials."
4.	Pneumococcal Infections 10/01/2012 - "pneumoniae with new conjugate vaccines seems to be the most promising field for real improvement in the management of pneumococcal infections in adults." 03/20/2002 - "Finally, the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, which are highly efficacious in infants and young children, will provide the opportunity for successful prevention of vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal infections." 04/01/2002 - "Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are intended to provide effective protection against pneumococcal infections, but very little information on antibody responses in infants living in countries with high pneumococcal disease burden exists. " 08/01/2006 - "The vaccine is effective against invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal infection, can be used in young children as well as adults and, like all conjugate vaccines, provides long-lasting immunity. " 01/01/2013 - "The protection against pneumococcal infections provided by currently available pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines are restricted to the limited number of the serotypes included in the vaccine. "
5.	Meningitis 01/01/2013 - "We considered these outcomes of severe disease as proxy estimates for meningitis mortality and combined the estimates of protective effects with meningitis etiology data to provide an estimate of the preventable fraction of childhood meningitis mortality with three doses of Hib (38-43%) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (28-35%) for use in LiST. " 01/01/2013 - "We identified 18 studies of Hib conjugate vaccines reporting relevant meningitis morbidity and mortality outcomes (2 randomized controlled trials [RCTs], 16 observational studies) but few provided dose-specific effects. " 01/01/2015 - "Implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines broadly reduced vaccine-type meningitis cases. " 01/01/2015 - "We present serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility and outcome data from paediatric meningitis patients prior to introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in PNG, providing a baseline for evaluation of immunisation programs. " 01/01/2015 - "In countries with established programmes for vaccination of infants, toddlers and adolescents with meningococcal conjugate vaccines, serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease remains the major cause of septicaemia and meningitis in the paediatric and adolescent age groups. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Vaccines
2.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
3.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)
4.	Antibodies
5.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
6.	Pneumococcal Vaccines (Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine)
7.	Recombinant DNA (Recombinant DNA Research)
8.	Carbon Monoxide
9.	Salmonella capsular polysaccharide
10.	difluprednate

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
2.	Injections
3.	Antibiotic Prophylaxis
4.	Splenectomy
5.	Immunotherapy