Furcation Defects

Conditions in which a bifurcation or trifurcation of the molar tooth root becomes denuded as a result of periodontal disease. It may be followed by tooth mobility, temperature sensitivity, pain, and alveolar bone resorption.

Also Known As:

Networked: 220 relevant articles (17 outcomes, 97 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Periodontal Diseases (Periodontal Disease)
2.	Chronic Periodontitis
3.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
4.	Furcation Defects
5.	Ankylosis

Experts

1.	Pradeep, A R: 4 articles (01/2016 - 12/2012)
2.	Wang, Hom-Lay: 4 articles (02/2015 - 07/2005)
3.	Ripamonti, U: 4 articles (08/2013 - 02/2008)
4.	Sallum, Enilson A: 4 articles (03/2013 - 09/2003)
5.	Naik, Savitha B: 3 articles (10/2013 - 12/2012)
6.	Avila-Ortiz, Gustavo: 2 articles (02/2015 - 02/2015)
7.	Sculean, Anton: 2 articles (02/2015 - 06/2014)
8.	Reddy, Michael S: 2 articles (02/2015 - 02/2015)
9.	Schallhorn, Robert G: 2 articles (02/2015 - 09/2003)
10.	Murphy, Kevin G: 2 articles (02/2015 - 12/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Furcation Defects:

1.	CollagenIBA 01/01/2014 - "The present study compared long-term (48 months) effectiveness of CTG as a barrier with bioresorbable collagen membrane in the treatment of mandibular Class II furcation defects in humans. " 03/01/2006 - "Hence, the aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of this newly introduced MBA, with and without a bioabsorbable collagen membrane, for the treatment of mandibular class II furcation defects. " 11/01/1994 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a type I bovine collagen membrane on treatment of Class II furcation defects. " 06/01/1994 - "Based on the results of this short-term clinical study, the absorbable collagen membrane was statistically equivalent to the non-resorbable ePTFE membrane in the clinical resolution of class II furcation defects." 06/01/1994 - "The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in clinical attachment when either a non-resorbable ePTFE membrane or an absorbable collagen membrane was used as a barrier during surgical treatment of class II molar furcation defects. "
2.	Durapatite (Hydroxylapatite)IBA 12/01/2007 - "Use of anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix/cell-binding peptide (P-15) in the treatment of class II furcation defects: a clinical and radiographic study in humans." 09/01/2013 - "To evaluate whether the use of porous hydroxyapatite alone or a bioresorbable membrane alone would enhance the clinical results in the treatment of class II furcation defects in human lower molars. " 04/01/2012 - "Eight patients presenting with a total of 9 grade II furcation defects in relation to the facial aspect of either maxillary or mandibular first molars were treated with a porous hydroxyapatite alloplast. " 04/01/2012 - "Evaluation of a porous hydroxyapatite alloplast in the management of grade II furcation defects in molars; A case series." 05/01/2009 - "The gingival fibroblasts transfected with hTGF-beta1 gene was compounded to the cuttlebone-transformed nanometer hydroxyapatite (CBHA) material from the cuttlefish in vitro, the degree II furcation defects on the premolars of dogs were produced surgically, and the compound was to implanted into the defect (transfected group), and compared with the compound of periodontal ligament cells (PDLC) with nanometer HA material and the compound of untransfected GF with HA. "
3.	poly(lactic acid) (polylactic acid)IBA 06/01/1997 - "THE EFFICACY OF A BIOABSORBABLE polylactic acid based barrier was evaluated using naturally occurring buccal Class II furcation defects in beagle dogs. " 02/01/2004 - "This study was to compare long-term effectiveness of two different types of polylactic acid (PLA) membranes on periodontal regeneration in surgically created class II furcation defects in dogs. " 02/01/1999 - "The use of biodegradable polylactic acid barrier materials in the treatment of grade II periodontal furcation defects in humans--Part II: A multicenter investigative surgical study." 12/01/1998 - "Use of biodegradable polylactic acid barrier materials in the treatment of grade II periodontal furcation defects in humans--Part I: A multicenter investigative clinical study." 05/01/1995 - "This multi-center study evaluated guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in Class II furcation defects using a polylactic acid biodegradable barrier in 29 patients with mandibular and maxillary molar defects. "
4.	Calcium Sulfate (Alabaster)IBA 05/01/2006 - "The purpose of this study was to histologically evaluate the healing of surgically created Class II furcation defects treated using an autogenous bone (AB) graft with or without a calcium sulfate (CS) barrier. " 05/01/2006 - "Autogenous bone graft with or without a calcium sulfate barrier in the treatment of Class II furcation defects: a histologic and histometric study in dogs." 10/01/2002 - "The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three methods using calcium sulfate as a graft/barrier for the treatment of Class II mandibular furcation defects. " 10/01/2002 - "Comparison of three methods using calcium sulfate as a graft/barrier material for the treatment of Class II mandibular molar furcation defects." 10/01/2002 - "Furthermore, the addition of either doxycycline or DFDBA to calcium sulfate significantly enhanced the clinical outcome more than did the calcium sulfate alone, and the addition of DFDBA was more effective in the treatment of Class II mandibular furcation defects than doxycycline."
5.	Bio-OssIBA 11/01/2009 - "The purpose of the present study was to clinically and radiographically evaluate and compare the efficacy of demineralized freeze dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and bovine derived xenogenic bone graft (BDX) [Bio-Oss] with amniotic membrane (AM) as guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in the treatment of human periodontal Grade II buccal furcation defects. " 02/18/2009 - "Six furcation defects in the 3 monkeys were divided as follows, Group A (one second molar): PDLC/Bio Oss Collagen+EMD; Group B (another second molar): Bio Oss Collagen+EMD; Group C (one first molar): PDLC/ BiojOss Collagen; Group D(another first molar): Bio Oss Collagen; Group E (one second pre-molar): EMD; Group F (another second pre-molar): the empty control. " 09/01/2009 - "The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of applying Bio-Oss, an anorganic bovine bone xenograft (control group) to the combined use of Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide (a bioabsorbable collagen membrane) (test group) in human mandibular Class II furcation defects. " 04/01/2001 - "The purpose of this study was to compare Bio-Oss (BO), an anorganic bovine bone xenograft, in combination with Bio-Gide (BG), a bioabsorbable collagen barrier, to open-flap debridement (OFD) surgery in human mandibular Class II furcation defects. "
6.	Doxycycline (Vibramycin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2002 - "Furthermore, the addition of either doxycycline or DFDBA to calcium sulfate significantly enhanced the clinical outcome more than did the calcium sulfate alone, and the addition of DFDBA was more effective in the treatment of Class II mandibular furcation defects than doxycycline." 02/01/1991 - "Doxycycline-tricalcium phosphate composite graft facilitates osseous healing in advanced periodontal furcation defects." 02/01/1991 - "The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a tricalcium phosphate, plaster of paris, and doxycycline composite graft to surgical debridement alone in the treatment of Class II and Class III furcation defects. "
7.	Dental Implants (Dental Implant)IBA 01/01/2015 - "From a demonstrated clinical benefit as bone graft for the elimination of osseous defects due to periodontal disease (intrabony/furcation defects) and surgeries (alveolar ridge preservation, maxillary sinus augmentation), to a potential use for manufacturing bioactive dental implants, possibly allowing wider case selection criteria together with improved integration rates even in the more challenging osteoporotic and medically compromised patients, this biomaterial represents an important field of study with high academic, clinical and industrial importance. "
8.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)IBA 07/01/2005 - "This study investigated, both histologically and histometrically, the efficacy of enamel matrix derived proteins (EMD) associated with bioactive glass (BG) and an absorbable membrane in the treatment of class III furcation defects in mongrel dogs. "
9.	Unsaturated Fatty Acids (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids)IBA 04/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of systemic administration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids plus low-dose aspirin as an adjunctive treatment to regenerative therapy of furcation defects. "
10.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of systemic administration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids plus low-dose aspirin as an adjunctive treatment to regenerative therapy of furcation defects. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Guided Tissue Regeneration 01/01/1999 - "The conclusion was that within the limits of this study, resorbable test barrier can be used for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in class II furcation defects with at least as good results as those achieved with non-resorbable control barrier but with the additional benefit of only one operation." 04/01/1995 - "The present experiment on guided tissue regeneration had 2 objectives namely: (i) to study if an improved anchorage of the soft tissue flaps during the initial healing period after membrane placement would reduce the tendency for soft tissue recession and allow for healing of also large furcation defects; (ii) to determine if the use of biodegradable membranes in GTR procedures may promote new attachment formation in degree III furcation defects. " 05/01/1996 - "The present longitudinal study was designed to explore the long-term efficacy of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in Class II furcation defects and establish the factors that might be responsible for modifying this response. " 12/01/2009 - "The purpose of this study was to compare histological effectiveness of platelet pellet (PP), which has higher platelet content than platelet-rich plasma, and the combination of PP/guided tissue regeneration (GTR) for class II furcation defects in dogs. " 06/01/2006 - "Within the limits of this study, root cementum may modulate the healing pattern obtained by guided tissue regeneration in Class III furcation defects."
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 06/01/2014 - "The analysis from the present study demonstrates that while EMD in combination with certain bone grafts is able to improve the regeneration of periodontal intrabony and furcation defects, direct evidence supporting the combination approach is still missing. " 02/01/2012 - "The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as scaffold and autogenous cortical bone (ACB) graft with and without PRP in the regenerative treatment of class II furcation defects in dogs. " 01/01/2011 - "Several studies have reported successful clinical outcomes for regenerative treatment of intrabony and furcation defects following use of free subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) as biological barrier membrane. " 10/01/2007 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of treatment of buccal mandibular Class II furcation defects with a combination of autologous bone grafts and enamel matrix derivative over a 24-month period. " 04/01/2005 - "This preliminary study suggests that the use of PDL grafts may have beneficial effects in the treatment of furcation defects."
3.	Debridement 06/01/1991 - "This investigation assessed and compared the clinical efficacy of combined open flap debridement/occlusive membrane therapy versus open flap debridement therapy alone, in the treatment of maxillary periodontal furcation defects. " 01/01/2013 - "Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical response of buccal Class II furcation defects to open-flap debridement (OFD) and to determine the influence of ET in the clinical outcomes of therapy. " 10/01/2011 - "This double-masked randomized study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of autologous PRF in the treatment of mandibular degree II furcation defects compared with open flap debridement (OFD). " 12/01/2003 - "1. For the primary outcome variables, in both intrabony-defect and furcation-defect studies, GTR was favored over open flap debridement (OFD) therapies (P < 0.0001). " 10/01/2013 - "Seventy-two mandibular degree II furcation defects were treated with either autologous PRF with open flap debridement (OFD; 24 defects) or autologous PRP with OFD (25), or OFD alone (23). "
4.	Homologous Transplantation (Allograft) 03/01/2013 - "Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of EMD in combination with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (BG) and bioresorbable membrane (Biomesh) in the treatment of human mandibular Class II furcation defects over a period of 12 months. " 04/01/1991 - "The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) combined with a barrier material in the treatment of human molar furcation defects (experimental) as compared to the barrier technique alone (control). " 01/01/2015 - "Thirty class II furcation defects in mandibular molars were randomly assigned into three equal groups: Group I included OFD, Group II included defects treated with MPM, and Group III consisted of defects treated with MPM after applying demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA). " 03/01/2014 - "Use of bone regeneration materials is becoming common in periodontal surgeries including furcation defects and the promising role of bioactive allograft materials has encouraged their presentation in different morphologic forms with their own advantages and disadvantages giving the operator ample of choices in his/her periodontal armamentarium. " 04/01/2006 - "Sites treated with BG, such as mineralized human cancellous allograft, were more likely to have greater vertical furcation defect fill than the conventional OFD surgery. "
5.	Root Planing 03/01/2013 - "The present study aims to explore the efficacy of 1% ALN gel as a local drug delivery system in adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of Class II furcation defects in comparison with placebo gel. " 12/01/2012 - "The present clinical trial is designed to investigate the effectiveness of 1.2-mg SMV as a local drug delivery system as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of Class II furcation defects. " 06/01/2006 - "Bilateral Class III furcation defects were created in dogs, and each dog was randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments: control (group A): scaling and root planing with the removal of root cementum; or test (group B): removal of soft microbial deposits by polishing the root surface with rubber cups and polishing paste, aiming at maximum cementum preservation. " 11/01/1994 - "Each had bilateral mandibular furcation defects with attachment loss > or = 6 mm. Prior to surgery all patients completed initial therapy including scaling and root planing. " 02/01/1994 - "Thirty subjects, with mandibular Class II furcation defects, were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups; patients in Group A received oral hygiene instructions with scaling and root planing, while subjects in Group B received similar treatment but without subgingival scaling and root planing at the affected site. "