Hyperandrogenism

A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION.

Networked: 1186 relevant articles (86 outcomes, 128 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Insulin Resistance
2.	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Syndrome, Stein-Leventhal)
3.	Hirsutism
4.	Hyperinsulinism (Hyperinsulinemia)
5.	Acne Vulgaris

Experts

1.	Ibáñez, Lourdes: 18 articles (07/2010 - 06/2002)
2.	Pasquali, Renato: 11 articles (10/2014 - 07/2003)
3.	Escobar-Morreale, Héctor F: 11 articles (11/2010 - 03/2002)
4.	Charmandari, Evangelia: 10 articles (05/2015 - 05/2002)
5.	de Zegher, Francis: 10 articles (07/2010 - 06/2003)
6.	Rosenfield, Robert L: 9 articles (12/2015 - 12/2003)
7.	Gambineri, Alessandra: 9 articles (10/2014 - 07/2003)
8.	Padmanabhan, Vasantha: 7 articles (01/2015 - 11/2005)
9.	San Millán, José L: 7 articles (03/2008 - 03/2002)
10.	Ibáñez, L: 7 articles (07/2005 - 01/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hyperandrogenism:

1.	Metformin (Glucophage)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2005 - "In a high percentage of patients, treatment with metformin is followed by regularization of the menstrual cycle, less pronounced hyperandrogenism and cardiovascular risk factors, and some improvement in the response to therapies aimed at induction of ovulation. " 10/01/2003 - "In a high percentage of patients, treatment with metformin is followed by regularization of menstrual cycle, reduction in hyperandrogenism and in cardiovascular risk factors, and improvement in response to therapies for induction of ovulation." 03/01/2009 - "In these girls, metformin therapy may reverse the progression to clinical ovarian hyperandrogenism, normalize body composition and excess visceral fat, and delay pubertal progression without attenuating linear growth and bone mineralization, suggesting that adult height may be improved. " 01/01/2013 - "This study sought to determine the effect of metformin on hyperandrogenism and ovarian function in adolescents with T1D. " 06/01/2011 - "The objective of this study was to investigate the effects metformin on the hyperandrogenism and ovarian volume in PCOS. "
2.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 10/01/2011 - "The aims of the study were to understand the association between insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) and functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (FOH) in PCOS and the regulatory role played by LH. " 07/01/2009 - "The role of insulin in this type of hyperandrogenism needs further studies." 04/01/2003 - "In the present study insulin (I) and GH secretion was studied in a group of twenty-five young adolescent girls (mean age: 15 +/- 0.23 yr) with cycle irregularity associated to clinical signs of hyperandrogenism in comparison with that observed in eleven normal matched subjects with regular menses. " 04/01/2002 - "In conclusion, double blind, placebo-controlled studies will determine whether insulin-sensitizing therapy corrects not only ovarian hyperandrogenism but also functional adrenal hyperandrogenism in adolescents with PCOS." 04/01/2001 - "Most of the studies addressing this issue have focused on the mechanisms by which insulin produces hyperandrogenism. "
3.	Inositol (Myoinositol)IBA 02/01/2013 - "Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol have been shown to improve insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism and to induce ovulation in PCOS women. " 01/01/2012 - "In particular two different polyalcohol myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol have been shown to improve insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism and to induce ovulation in PCOS women. " 06/01/2014 - "Six randomized controlled trials provides evidence of a positive effect of myo-inositol to normalize ovarian function, improve laboratory and clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. " 10/01/2008 - "Administration of oral myo-inositol significantly reduced hirsutism and hyperandrogenism and ameliorated the abnormal metabolic profile of women with hirsutism." 01/01/2000 - "The hypothesis is advanced that PCOS may be characterized by a defect in the conversion of myo-inositol to D-chiro-inositol, and that such a defect would contribute to both insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in the syndrome."
4.	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)FDA Link 03/01/2011 - "The striking improvement in a postmenopausal woman with severe hyperandrogenism by means of GnRH agonist therapy demonstrates its potential use in poor surgical candidates without necessarily delineating the source of androgen excess." 04/01/2012 - "GnRH analogue use in postmenopausal hyperandrogenism: long-term remission." 01/01/2001 - "This case is the first example of long-term remission of ovarian hyperandrogenism in a postmenopausal woman, after short-term treatment with GnRH-a. " 01/01/2001 - "Long-term remission of ovarian hyperandrogenism after short-term treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist." 05/01/2014 - "A cohort of 22 infertile patients treated in a single tertiary center with a GnRH-antagonist short protocol for IVF were prospectively included and divided into three groups: PCOS with hyperandrogenism (n=7), LOR (n=8) and control (n=7). "
5.	Testosterone (Sustanon)FDA Link 01/01/2010 - "Through a nationwide study including the French Society of Pediatric Oncology, 6/30 patients with JGCTO presented with clinical hyperandrogenism and high plasma testosterone. " 02/01/2009 - "Hyperandrogenism after transfer of topical testosterone gel: case report and review of published and unpublished studies." 12/01/2015 - "Hyperandrogenism is best indicated by persistent elevation of serum testosterone above adult norms as determined in a reliable reference laboratory. " 06/01/2015 - "Hyperandrogenism was diagnosed on the basis of elevated plasma Δ4-androstenedione and testosterone levels. " 01/01/2015 - "Based on the current evidence, LOD could be predicted to result in poor reproductive outcome in women with CC-resistant PCOS when they are obese (BMI >25 kg/m(2)), long duration of infertility >3 years, low basal LH levels <10 IU/L, marked biochemical hyperandrogenism (testosterone levels ≥4.5 nmol/L, free androgen index >15) and high basal AMH ≥7.7 ng/mL. Setting eligibility criteria based on the existing evidence concerning predictors of success of LOD is critical not only for improving its outcome, but also to avoid unnecessary surgery with possible risk of impairment of ovarian reserve and other complications."
6.	HormonesIBA 01/01/2015 - "In a small cohort of female athletes with hyperandrogenism, a distinct reproductive hormone profile consisting of higher LH to FHS ratio may be associated with adverse metabolic health markers but improved skeletal health." 01/01/2014 - "Although there are various ways to determine the normal range of hormones in a population, use of a gold standard and the 95th percentile approach are not appropriate to diagnose hyperandrogenism. " 01/01/1992 - "In catheterization studies, the venous gradients for the hormones were not diagnostic for the source of hyperandrogenism in either of the patients." 07/01/2012 - "The diagnosis of hyperandrogenism is not based on the finding of decreased or increased levels of a single hormone. " 07/01/2012 - "Antimüllerian hormone levels are independently related to ovarian hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries."
7.	Finasteride (Propecia)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2004 - "Oral finasteride in a dosage of 2.5 mg/day or more may be effective for the treatment of pattern hair loss in postmenopausal women in the absence of clinical or laboratory signs of hyperandrogenism." 06/01/2010 - "Follicular growth and ovulation occurred in eight patients in group 1, whereas no cases were detected in group 2. This study confirms that hyperandrogenism interferes with follicular growth and suggests that administration of finasteride during ovarian stimulation with rFSH improves ovulation rate in selected hyperandrogenic anovulatory women." 06/01/2010 - "Although data are sparse, menopausal status, circulating androgen concentrations, and concomitant symptoms of hyperandrogenism do not appear to predict response to finasteride. " 01/01/2004 - "5 postmenopausal women without clinical or laboratory signs of hyperandrogenism were given 2.5 or 5 mg/day oral finasteride for the treatment of pattern hair loss. " 11/01/2002 - "The finding that finasteride treatment improves pattern hair loss in women with hyperandrogenism but does not affect those postmenopausal women with female pattern hair loss without hyperandrogenism supports the concept that not all types of female hair loss have the same pathophysiology."
8.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2015 - "Adolescents with FOH, which underlies most PCOS, uniformly have persistent hyperandrogenism, and glucose tolerance tends to deteriorate. " 05/01/2014 - "Hyperandrogenism induces a proinflammatory TNFα response to glucose ingestion in a receptor-dependent fashion." 04/01/2007 - "Presence of altered response to glucose challenge, ovarian hyperandrogenism, or presence of polycystic ovaries by ultrasound. " 04/01/1999 - "Effect of ovarian suppression on glucose metabolism of young lean women with and without ovarian hyperandrogenism." 09/01/1998 - "Eighteen women with clinical and biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism, normal oral glucose tolerance test and polycystic ovaries on ultrasonography, were studied. "
9.	Flutamide (Eulexin)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2008 - "[Low-dose flutamide in the treatment of hyperandrogenism in adolescents]." 04/01/2002 - "Anti-androgen therapy with flutamide is an option that allows control of hyperandrogenism without recourse to supraphysiological doses of glucocorticoid. " 09/01/2000 - "However, the effects of flutamide on the endocrine-metabolic correlates of hyperandrogenism are uncertain. " 01/01/2013 - "Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that treatment with flutamide (anti-androgen drug) is able to normalize blood cell count and haematocrit, before of achieving the definitive cure of hyperandrogenism by oophorectomy. " 09/01/2000 - "Flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, is known to be effective in reducing hirsutism in patients with ovarian hyperandrogenism. "
10.	drospirenoneFDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2006 - "Non-obese, young patients (n = 31) with hyperinsulinaemic hyperandrogenism were started on Flu-Met (21/28 days) and randomized to receive in addition either a drospirenone oral contraceptive or a transdermal contraceptive for 6 months. " 05/01/2015 - "Drospirenone containing combined oral contraceptive (COC) is found to have more favorable effects on lipid profiles, hsCRP levels, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism when compared with the CMA containing COC and appears to be more beneficial for the long-term cardiovascular and metabolic aspects of PCOS." 12/01/2010 - "evaluate the efficacy of an estroprogestin EP containing 20 mcg ethinilestradiol (EE) and 3 mg drospirenone (DRSP) in the treatment of hyperandrogenism. " 12/01/2010 - "[Short-term effect of an estroprogestin containing ethinylestradiol 20 mcg + drospirenone 3 mg in 24+4 regimen at hormonal and cutaneous level in ovarian hyperandrogenism]." 01/01/2006 - "To prove the clinical efficiency over hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS after the application of the combined oral contraceptive Yasmin containing 30 mcg ethynilestradiol and 2 mg drospirenone. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/01/2014 - "No significant difference was found in the clinical and biochemical parameters of hyperandrogenism before and after treatment with MPA. " 04/01/2005 - "Improvement in insulin resistance after treatment of hyperandrogenism has not been previously reported." 07/01/2010 - "After treatment, independently of body weight and hyperandrogenism, FPI, and PED/PEA-15 protein levels decreased (p=0.001 and 0.004, respectively), while, 1/HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and ISI increased (p<0.001). " 09/01/2014 - "We thus hypothesized that PCOS hyperandrogenism is triggered by ovarian NEFA overexposure and is improved after treatment with an AT2R agonist. " 01/01/1998 - "However, antiandrogen treatment is sometimes mandatory, especially in resistant acne in adult women and/or in female acne which is resistant or relapsing rapidly after treatment with Roaccutane and which is often related to hyperandrogenism. "
2.	Ovariectomy (Oophorectomy) 10/01/2007 - "Men, women who had undergone bilateral oophorectomy, and postmenopausal women had hyperandrogenism of adrenal origin by default. " 02/01/1998 - "Then, a diagnosis of hyperandrogenism of ovarian origin was made and bilateral ovariectomy was performed. " 10/01/2015 - "This report describes a case of a 67-year-old postmenopausal woman with signs of hyperandrogenism, where an ovarian steroid cell tumor was diagnosed and treated by laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and synchronous hysterectomy. " 03/01/2000 - "Relevant data suggest that treatment of the postmenopausal woman with hyperandrogenism and virilization is bilateral laparoscopic oophorectomy if she has no pronounced ovarian enlargement or adrenal tumor on imaging. " 03/01/2003 - "Four patients then underwent ovariectomy while in two patients, rejecting surgical treatment, goserelin treatment was protracted up to 6 and 12 months, respectively, with remission of hyperandrogenism. "
3.	Bariatric Surgery 10/01/2007 - "Bariatric surgery in adult women often results in resumption of ovulatory menses, resolution of clinical and laboratory evidence of hyperandrogenism, and return of fertility. " 10/01/2009 - "In morbid obese women with PCOS, bariatric surgery decreases bodyweight and fat excess and reverses hyperandrogenism and sterility. " 12/01/2005 - "Hyperandrogenism, menstrual function, and insulin resistance were estimated before and at least 6 months after bariatric surgery in 12 patients with PCOS. " 02/01/2005 - "In HAIR-AN syndrome, malabsorptive bariatric surgery is effective in improving hyperandrogenism and acanthosis nigricans, with noteworthy esthetic consequences. "
4.	Caloric Restriction 07/01/1995 - "These results confirm that weight loss induced by a low calorie diet is effective in improving hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism in obese and hirsute women. "
5.	Pancreatectomy 07/01/1999 - "We describe a woman with the syndrome characterised by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans (the HAIR-AN syndrome), and an associated insulinoma (islet B-cell tumour), whose signs and symptoms cleared after partial pancreatectomy."