Hyperandrogenism

A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION.

Networked: 2104 relevant articles (139 outcomes, 226 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Insulin Resistance
2.	Hyperinsulinism (Hyperinsulinemia)
3.	Hirsutism
4.	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Syndrome, Stein-Leventhal)
5.	Acne Vulgaris

Experts

1.	Escobar-Morreale, Héctor F: 23 articles (11/2021 - 03/2002)
2.	Ibáñez, Lourdes: 18 articles (07/2010 - 06/2002)
3.	Padmanabhan, Vasantha: 17 articles (01/2022 - 11/2005)
4.	Azziz, Ricardo: 16 articles (01/2022 - 08/2005)
5.	Gambineri, Alessandra: 15 articles (12/2021 - 07/2003)
6.	Pasquali, Renato: 14 articles (01/2016 - 07/2003)
7.	Abbott, David H: 13 articles (01/2022 - 01/2002)
8.	Dumesic, Daniel A: 13 articles (01/2021 - 01/2002)
9.	Luque-Ramírez, Manuel: 12 articles (07/2022 - 04/2005)
10.	Carmina, Enrico: 12 articles (03/2022 - 11/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hyperandrogenism:

1.	Metformin (Glucophage)FDA LinkGeneric 07/28/2022 - "Metformin, a popular drug used to treat PCOS in patients, has beneficial effects in reducing hyperandrogenism and inducing ovulation; however, the mechanisms by which metformin ameliorates PCOS are not clear. " 01/01/2016 - "Metformin is effective in regularizing menstrual cycles, decreasing body mass index, and treating hyperandrogenism in Indian women diagnosed with PCOS." 04/01/2023 - "A systematic review, with meta-analysis, of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials that evaluated the effects of metformin treatment in adult patients with PCOS on the levels of hyperandrogenism markers was conducted. " 01/01/2013 - "This study sought to determine the effect of metformin on hyperandrogenism and ovarian function in adolescents with T1D. " 06/01/2011 - "The objective of this study was to investigate the effects metformin on the hyperandrogenism and ovarian volume in PCOS. "
2.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 10/01/2011 - "The aims of the study were to understand the association between insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) and functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (FOH) in PCOS and the regulatory role played by LH. " 07/01/2009 - "The role of insulin in this type of hyperandrogenism needs further studies." 04/01/2003 - "In the present study insulin (I) and GH secretion was studied in a group of twenty-five young adolescent girls (mean age: 15 +/- 0.23 yr) with cycle irregularity associated to clinical signs of hyperandrogenism in comparison with that observed in eleven normal matched subjects with regular menses. " 04/01/2001 - "Most of the studies addressing this issue have focused on the mechanisms by which insulin produces hyperandrogenism. " 02/01/1991 - "I have reviewed recent studies that shed light on the paradox of insulin-induced ovarian hyperandrogenism in insulin-resistant states. "
3.	AndrogensIBA 08/01/2023 - "Therefore, it has been proposed that blocking androgen synthesis with the use of 5ARIs would be beneficial in the treatment of various diseases related to states of hyperandrogenism. " 10/01/2007 - "After delivery the androgen levels of the mother returned to normal and the symptoms of hyperandrogenism were also slightly improved." 06/01/2021 - "Hyperandrogenism is a defining characteristic of PCOS, and studies support a role for androgen-driven actions in the development of PCOS. " 01/01/2019 - "The biochemical findings in our study corroborate the role of hyperandrogenism as one of the major etiological factors in FPHL with the role of adrenal androgens being central, and therefore all female patients with FPHL should be evaluated for underlying hormonal imbalances. " 01/01/2018 - "Therefore, this study investigated whether adipose tissue could be a source of androgens promoting hyperandrogenism development in obese female rats. "
4.	Inositol (Myoinositol)IBA 01/16/2023 - "Research investigating inositol supplementation have produced the most promising findings, showing improved metabolic profiles and reduced hyperandrogenism. " 01/01/2021 - "However, the findings indicated that myo-inositol could improve fertility outcomes by modulating hyperandrogenism. " 01/01/2017 - "A systematic literature search of PubMed was performed using the following combination of terms: 'PCOS', 'hyperandrogenism' 'inositol', 'natural molecules'. " 02/01/2013 - "Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol have been shown to improve insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism and to induce ovulation in PCOS women. " 01/01/2012 - "In particular two different polyalcohol myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol have been shown to improve insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism and to induce ovulation in PCOS women. "
5.	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)FDA Link 12/01/2021 - "Hence a depot pure GnRH antagonist can not only rapidly confirm the OHT diagnosis but also induce long-term remission of severe hyperandrogenism without surgery." 04/01/2012 - "GnRH analogue use in postmenopausal hyperandrogenism: long-term remission." 01/01/2001 - "This case is the first example of long-term remission of ovarian hyperandrogenism in a postmenopausal woman, after short-term treatment with GnRH-a. " 01/01/2001 - "Long-term remission of ovarian hyperandrogenism after short-term treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist." 11/01/2023 - "We discovered that the overactivation of GnRH neurons was sufficient to disrupt reproductive cycles, promote hyperandrogenism, and induce ovarian dysfunction. "
6.	Testosterone (Sustanon)FDA Link 01/01/2022 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between serum 11-OH testosterone (11-OHT) and 11-keto testosterone (11-KetoT) and clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism, as well as the metabolic parameters, in women with PCOS. " 06/01/2018 - "In our study, we aimed to answer the question of whether salivary testosterone is a reliable test to establish the diagnosis of biochemical hyperandrogenism as compared to serum total testosterone (TT) measured either by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or immunoassay and to assess which set of biochemical tests would be the most appropriate for the identification of biochemical hyperandrogenism. " 01/01/2010 - "Through a nationwide study including the French Society of Pediatric Oncology, 6/30 patients with JGCTO presented with clinical hyperandrogenism and high plasma testosterone. " 02/01/2009 - "Hyperandrogenism after transfer of topical testosterone gel: case report and review of published and unpublished studies." 08/08/2023 - "Data collected were age at menarche, menstrual cycle characteristics, BMI, clinical hyperandrogenism (HA), total and free testosterone levels. "
7.	Hormones (Hormone)IBA 01/01/2015 - "In a small cohort of female athletes with hyperandrogenism, a distinct reproductive hormone profile consisting of higher LH to FHS ratio may be associated with adverse metabolic health markers but improved skeletal health." 01/01/2014 - "Although there are various ways to determine the normal range of hormones in a population, use of a gold standard and the 95th percentile approach are not appropriate to diagnose hyperandrogenism. " 01/01/1992 - "In catheterization studies, the venous gradients for the hormones were not diagnostic for the source of hyperandrogenism in either of the patients." 11/05/2023 - "Although the root cause of the disease is unknown, attempts are made to clinically manage the disturbed hormone levels and symptoms arising due to hyperandrogenism, a hallmark of PCOS. " 06/07/2023 - "Anti-Müllerian hormone measurement from archived samples enables retrospective PCOS diagnosis when combined with oligo/amenorrhoea or hyperandrogenism."
8.	LipidsIBA 01/01/2022 - "The study revealed that some adiposity indices and lipid abnormalities in PCOS phenotypes with hyperandrogenism (A, B, and C) were worse than in healthy women. " 02/01/2013 - "Prenatal hyperandrogenism and lipid profile during different age stages: an experimental study." 12/01/1991 - "Whether hyperandrogenism is a secondary consequence of any of these or whether it is an independent contributor to lipid aberrations requires future study. " 01/01/2020 - "The three OCs tested had similar effects on clinical findings of hyperandrogenism (HA), whereas products containing LNG were less effective on androgenic profiles and had detrimental effects on lipid profiles. " 06/01/2019 - "Because of hyperandrogenism with severe IR, dysglycemia, and normal lipids, type A IR was considered. "
9.	Combined Oral ContraceptivesIBA 11/01/2018 - "Combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) improved clinical hyperandrogenism (2 of 2 reviews). " 10/01/2006 - "The aim of study was to assess the efficiency of the use of combined oral contraceptive with dezogestrel-regulon in the treatment of hyperandrogenism in teenage girls. " 05/01/2001 - "Combined oral contraceptives (COC) remain the first choice for the treatment of hyperandrogenism in most patients. " 02/01/2022 - "The first-line treatment for women with PCOS who do not plan to conceive in the short term includes lifestyle changes and combined oral contraceptives, offering, in addition to contraception, endometrial protection and reduction of hyperandrogenism. " 09/01/2014 - "Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of women of reproductive age and combined oral contraceptives (OCs) are often the first-line treatment of the syndrome by improving hyperandrogenism and regulating menstrual cycles. "
10.	Oral ContraceptivesIBA 11/01/2016 - "Oral contraceptives use was associated with a significant decrease of hyperandrogenism and a significant improvement of frequency of menses. " 12/01/2012 - "Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) have conventionally been the mainstay of treatment for the amelioration of hyperandrogenism and regulation of menstrual cycles in women with PCOS. " 12/26/2014 - "Oral contraceptives constitute first-line treatment, particularly when symptomatic hyperandrogenism is present. " 01/01/1984 - " For patients not interested in conception, regular menstrual cyclicity can be restored and hyperandrogenism reduced with oral contraceptives (OCs)." 02/15/1976 - "It is concluded that these two oral contraceptives effectively suppressed the hyperandrogenism of most of the hirsute women."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 10/01/2020 - "A thorough history, a focused clinical examination and an interdisciplinary approach together with gynecologists and endocrinologists are extremely helpful in the diagnostic evaluation and therapy of patients with suspected hyperandrogenism." 10/01/1991 - "Differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism forms and preparatory pathogenetic therapy helped preserve the pregnancy and resulted in delivery of a viable healthy child in 77.4% of the examined women." 11/01/2023 - "Indeed, this guideline recommends comprehensive history and physical examination for clinical hyperandrogenism as well as holistic approaches in therapy, including education and counseling of patients. " 10/26/2023 - "These findings contributed the potential therapy by targeting the FTO for hyperandrogenism in PCOS." 01/01/2020 - "In summary, our findings indicate that hyperandrogenism in PCOS increases the expression of RAGE and accumulation of AGEs in the ovary by activating ER stress, and that targeting the AGE-RAGE system, either by using a RAGE inhibitor or a clinically available ER stress inhibitor, may represent a novel approach to PCOS therapy."
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/01/2014 - "No significant difference was found in the clinical and biochemical parameters of hyperandrogenism before and after treatment with MPA. " 04/01/2005 - "Improvement in insulin resistance after treatment of hyperandrogenism has not been previously reported." 01/01/2019 - "Regression of hypercortisolism after treatment causes disappearance of hyperandrogenism. " 09/01/2014 - "We thus hypothesized that PCOS hyperandrogenism is triggered by ovarian NEFA overexposure and is improved after treatment with an AT2R agonist. " 07/01/2010 - "After treatment, independently of body weight and hyperandrogenism, FPI, and PED/PEA-15 protein levels decreased (p=0.001 and 0.004, respectively), while, 1/HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and ISI increased (p<0.001). "
3.	Electroacupuncture 01/01/2023 - "Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to be effective at improving hyperandrogenism and follicular arrest in PCOS; however, its mechanism of action remains to be deciphered. " 05/01/2019 - "Electroacupuncture is effective in improving hyperandrogenism and follicular arrest in PCOS; however, the mechanism is not sufficiently clear. " 05/01/2019 - "These results indicated that electroacupuncture improved hyperandrogenism and follicular arrest by decreasing the excessive expression of AMH to regulate FSH and AMH imbalance in granulosa cells in PCOS." 05/01/2019 - "Efficacy of electroacupuncture in regulating the imbalance of AMH and FSH to improve follicle development and hyperandrogenism in PCOS rats." 01/17/2023 - "Electroacupuncture (EA) can effectively improve hyperandrogenism and increase ovulation frequency in patients with PCOS. "
4.	Contraception (Birth Control) 02/01/2017 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral contraception on cardiometabolic risk factors in a population of women with hyperandrogenism. " 11/01/2021 - "Women doing regular aerobic exercise and use of contraception had higher FSFI scores, while those with a desire to conceive and clinical signs of hyperandrogenism had lower FSFI scores. " 11/01/2020 - "The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of bariatric surgery on menstrual cycle, the incidence of menstrual abnormalities, hyperandrogenism manifestation, and contraception use. " 02/01/2022 - "The first-line treatment for women with PCOS who do not plan to conceive in the short term includes lifestyle changes and combined oral contraceptives, offering, in addition to contraception, endometrial protection and reduction of hyperandrogenism. " 07/01/2013 - "A contraceptive pill can be considered when contraception is needed and/or when hyperandrogenism needs to be treated. "
5.	Bloodletting 08/18/2022 - "Correction to: Iron Overload in Functional Hyperandrogenism: In a Randomized Trial, Bloodletting Does Not Improve Metabolic Outcomes." 01/01/2021 - "Iron Overload in Functional Hyperandrogenism: In a Randomized Trial, Bloodletting Does Not Improve Metabolic Outcomes." 01/01/2021 - "Scheduled bloodletting does not improve insulin sensitivity in women with functional hyperandrogenism on COC." 11/11/2021 - "Decreasing iron stores by scheduled bloodletting does not override the BP abnormalities caused by COC in women with functional hyperandrogenism." 07/03/2022 - "Since iron depletion ameliorates oxidative stress in other iron overload states, we aimed to address the changes in the redox status of these women as a consequence of COC therapy and of bloodletting, conducting a randomized, controlled, parallel, open-label clinical trial in 33 adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome or idiopathic hyperandrogenism. "