Hypopigmentation (Hypomelanosis)

A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.

Also Known As:

Networked: 836 relevant articles (38 outcomes, 49 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Cicatrix (Scar)
2.	Hyperpigmentation
3.	Erythema
4.	Vitiligo
5.	Pain (Aches)

Experts

1.	Kim, Dong-Seok: 9 articles (08/2017 - 08/2005)
2.	Park, Kyoung-Chan: 8 articles (08/2015 - 08/2005)
3.	Shang, Jing: 6 articles (09/2019 - 08/2012)
4.	Jeong, Hyo-Soon: 5 articles (08/2017 - 08/2011)
5.	Ali, Sharique A: 5 articles (04/2017 - 05/2011)
6.	Marks, Michael S: 4 articles (10/2021 - 08/2006)
7.	Raposo, Graça: 4 articles (10/2021 - 08/2006)
8.	Cohen, Philip R: 4 articles (08/2021 - 10/2013)
9.	Kwon, Nyoun Soo: 4 articles (08/2017 - 08/2011)
10.	Yun, Hye-Young: 4 articles (08/2017 - 08/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hypopigmentation:

1.	Benzoyl PeroxideFDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2010 - "A case of progressive macular hypomelanosis successfully treated with benzoyl peroxide plus narrow-band UVB." 01/01/2011 - "The topical combination of benzoyl peroxide 5% and clindamycin 1% is effective in the treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis." 01/01/2011 - "To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the topical combination of benzoyl peroxide 5% and clindamycin 1% associated with sun exposure for the treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis. " 01/01/2011 - "Efficacy of topical combination of benzoyl peroxide 5% and clindamycin 1% for the treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial." 11/01/2011 - "Comparison of the clinical efficacy of NBUVB and NBUVB with benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin in progressive macular hypomelanosis."
2.	Clindamycin (Cleocin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2010 - "A case of progressive macular hypomelanosis treated with 1% topical clindamycin lotion and narrow-band ultraviolet B." 01/01/2011 - "The topical combination of benzoyl peroxide 5% and clindamycin 1% is effective in the treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis." 01/01/2011 - "To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the topical combination of benzoyl peroxide 5% and clindamycin 1% associated with sun exposure for the treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis. " 01/01/2011 - "Efficacy of topical combination of benzoyl peroxide 5% and clindamycin 1% for the treatment of progressive macular hypomelanosis: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial." 11/01/2011 - "Comparison of the clinical efficacy of NBUVB and NBUVB with benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin in progressive macular hypomelanosis."
3.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 11/01/2019 - "This study aimed to define the RCM features and histopathologic findings of hypopigmentation after local corticosteroid injection and to analyze the correlations between the above two methods. " 01/01/2020 - "Branching hypopigmentation following intralesional corticosteroid injection: Case report and review of the literature." 11/01/2019 - "Forty cases with hypopigmentation after local corticosteroid injection were used to analyze the clinical and RCM features. " 03/31/2019 - "Hypopigmentation after intra-articular corticosteroid injection." 01/01/2019 - "Intralesional Corticosteroid-Induced Perilesional and Perilymphatic Linear Hypopigmentation Successfully Treated With a 308-nm Excimer Light."
4.	1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene (PDT)IBA 11/01/2014 - "No significant complications were encountered, although mild hypopigmentation was occasionally seen and some discomfort is experienced with PDT. " 11/01/2007 - "The only complications encountered were mild hypopigmentation in 2 cases and mild discomfort experienced with PDT. " 02/01/2010 - "While 31% of cryosurgery lesions were still hypopigmented after 1 year, the 5-ALA patch-PDT groups showed hypopigmentation in 0% (superiority trial) and 3% (noninferiority trial) of the treated lesions. " 03/01/2023 - "Both subjective symptoms (itch and burning pain) and objective severity (lesion size and hypopigmentation) were relieved significantly after ALA-PDT treatment. " 03/01/2018 - "The patient achieved complete remission after 9 sessions of PDT and 3 months of imiquimod but developed residual vitiligo-like hypopigmentation. "
5.	Calcineurin InhibitorsIBA 10/01/2016 - "The efficacy of fractional photothermolysis and topical use of calcineurin inhibitors as treatments of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis (IGH) have been reported. " 05/01/2017 - "Possibility of emergence of resistant strains to azoles, and difficulty in differentiation of hypopigmented PV and early vitiligo, encouraged us to evaluate the efficacy of topical tacrolimus (a calcineurin inhibitor agent with proven in vitro anti-Malassezia effect) for PV treatment generally and its effect on PV-induced hypopigmentation specifically. "
6.	Melanins (Melanin)IBA 03/01/2022 - "Do oxidative stress and melanin accumulation contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis: A prospective case-control study." 01/01/2022 - "The co-occurrence of nystagmus, foveal hypoplasia, and misrouting in the absence of hypopigmentation implies that these abnormalities are not caused by lack of melanin, which has important implications for understanding the pathogenesis of these features." 03/01/2021 - "The reduction of melanin synthesis leads to hypopigmentation of the skin and eyes. " 04/26/2020 - "Hypopigmentation is a progressive dermatological condition caused by a reduction in the skin pigment, melanin. " 10/17/2018 - "These results suggest that PEMFs, at an optimal intensity and frequency, are a useful tool in treating gray hair, with reduced melanin synthesis in the hair shaft or hypopigmentation-related skin disorders."
7.	Monophenol Monooxygenase (Tyrosinase)IBA 05/01/2008 - "Activators of tyrosinase with stimulatory effects on melanogenesis are beneficial for the treatment of hypopigmentation diseases. " 06/01/2023 - "Tyrosinase inhibitors are commonly used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries for skin lightening and hypopigmentation. " 08/01/2020 - "In addition, enzymatic activity of tyrosinase (TYR) decreased, also demonstrating that the underlying mechanism of hypopigmentation was attributed to the disruption of melanogenesis pathway. " 01/01/2019 - "Therefore, the inhibition of tyrosinase is a primary hypopigmentation mechanism. " 03/01/2017 - "Taken together, these results suggest that LfB17‑34 induces melanogenesis in B16F10 cells primarily through increased tyrosinase expression and activity and that LfB17‑34 could be further developed for the treatment of hypopigmentation disorders."
8.	Imiquimod (Aldara)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2006 - "Permanent facial hypopigmentation following treatment with imiquimod cream." 06/01/2018 - "Imiquimod-induced hypopigmentation following treatment of periungual verruca vulgaris." 01/01/2017 - "Vitiligo or Vitiligo-like Hypopigmentation Associated with Imiquimod Treatment of Condyloma Acuminatum: Not a Casual Event." 09/01/2014 - "Vulvar vitiligo-like depigmentation and multiple halos of hypomelanosis at the trunk following treatment with imiquimod 5% cream for vulvar condylomata: casual or related events?" 01/01/2012 - "Improvement and vitiligo-like hypopigmentation after intermittent treatment with 5% imiquimod."
9.	Phenol (Carbolic Acid)FDA Link 01/01/2014 - "In this study, we have used the same principle to induce pigmentation in idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis (IGH) by spot peel with 88% phenol. " 01/01/2014 - "Therapeutic wounding - 88% phenol in idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis." 01/01/2008 - "Deep peeling with phenol solutions has been criticized because of the hypopigmentation that usually results. " 01/01/2006 - "Although laser skin rejuvenation has claimed much attention in recent years, phenol peels, despite problems with scarring and hypopigmentation, remains the gold standard for skin resurfacing [11], against which other methods should be evaluated [21]. " 01/01/2007 - "Exoderm, a modified phenol peel, has shown reduced side-effects such as arrhythmia, long-lasting erythema, hypopigmentation, hypertrophic scar and keloid. "
10.	Bimatoprost (Lumigan)FDA Link 11/29/2023 - "Fractional non-ablative assisted bimatoprost delivery: A synergistic approach for treating post-inflammatory hypopigmentation following cosmetic procedures in skin of color patients." 01/01/2021 - "Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis Treated with 308-nm Excimer Light and Topical Bimatoprost." 11/01/2019 - "In this head-to-head trial, it was shown that laser-assisted delivery of bimatoprost had a greater statistically significant improvement compared with 3 possible treatment modalities for stimulation of pigment in medical and cosmetic hypopigmentation. " 11/01/2019 - " Methods & Materials: In this prospective, Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved, double-blinded study, 40 subjects with moderate to severe hypopigmentation were randomized into 1 of 4 treatment arms; non-ablative fractional laser, ablative fractional laser, ablative fractional laser with laser-assisted delivered bimatoprost, and an epidermal harvesting system. " 11/01/2019 - "Re-pigmentation of Hypopigmentation: Fractional Lasers vs Laser-Assisted Delivery of Bimatoprost vs Epidermal Melanocyte Harvesting System"

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2023 - "This study suggests the positive correlation of hypopigmentation/leukoderma with the number of laser sessions." 01/01/2023 - "The incidence of hypopigmentation/leukoderma correlated with the number of laser sessions (p = .036). " 07/14/2022 - "However, mottled hypopigmentation has been occasionally reported to develop and persist as an adverse event of LFQSNY, which may be associated with the high accumulated laser energy. " 01/01/2022 - "Results: In general, satisfactory results were obtained, but hypopigmentation was present in Cases 1 and 3. This was probably due to sun exposure at the laser removal site, the short interval between the sessions, and/or higher radiant exposure combined with a smaller spot size, respectively. " 01/01/2019 - "Adverse effects such as mottled hypopigmentation have been reported following laser toning; these can be minimized by using larger spot sizes of 8 to 10mm with longer intervals (2 weeks) between sessions."
2.	Therapeutics 11/01/2016 - "Narrow-band ultraviolet B therapy appears to be the most effective treatment for progressive macular hypomelanosis but also has the highest potential for relapse. " 11/01/2006 - "Antimicrobial therapy in conjunction with light was more effective in repigmentation in patients with progressive macular hypomelanosis than a combination of anti-inflammatory therapy and light." 11/01/2019 - " Conclusion: New and emerging therapies have shown promise in helping re-pigmentation of cutaneous hypopigmentation. " 01/01/2022 - "These results give additional insight into Epimedium herb pharmacology and may provide a novel therapy basis for hypopigmentation disorders." 03/11/2021 - "There is a need for safe and nontoxic therapeutics for the treatment of hypopigmentation disorders. "
3.	Gas Lasers 11/01/2010 - "After a series of three treatments at eight-week intervals with an ablative fractionated CO2 laser device, the hypopigmentation and line of pigmentary demarcation between the face and neck improved by 75 percent. " 02/01/2013 - "The effect of fractional carbon dioxide lasers on idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis: a preliminary study." 01/01/2020 - "Low-fluence fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis: a pilot study." 04/01/2019 - "Conclusions: Ultrapulse CO2 laser appears to be capable of completely removing XP in patients with medium skin type III-IV. The most common complication is hypopigmentation, but this resolves with time." 05/08/2013 - "Treatment of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis with fractional carbon dioxide lasers."
4.	Cryotherapy (Therapy, Cold) 05/01/2004 - "3-5 second cryotherapy is effective in idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis." 05/01/2017 - "Efficacy of tip cryotherapy in the treatment of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis (IGH): a randomized, controlled, evaluator-blinded study." 11/01/2017 - "Here we present the case of a 11-year-old girl who developed canaliform dystrophy and long-term hypopigmentation following cryotherapy of warts on the proximal nail folds." 03/01/2014 - "While response to therapy did not differ substantially between both treatment modalities, side effects such as local pain and post-treatment hypopigmentation were considerably more prevalent in the groups treated using cryotherapy. " 09/01/1996 - "Eleven of 32 eyes (34.4%) that had undergone cryotherapy developed significant macular abnormalities, including macular coloboma-like change (six eyes), macular hyperpigmentation (two eyes), irregularly mottled macular hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation (two eyes), and macular hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation with subretinal proliferation (one eye). "
5.	Solid-State Lasers 12/01/2015 - "Hypopigmentation Induced by Frequent Low-Fluence, Large-Spot-Size QS Nd:YAG Laser Treatments." 11/01/2010 - "Long-pulse neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser for hypopigmentation and other diverse applications." 04/01/2003 - "Long-pulsed alexandrite laser may induce reversible melanocyte suppression and long-lasting hypopigmentation." 04/01/2003 - ": To evaluate clinical aspects of a female Caucasian that developed long-lasting hypopigmentation in the arms and forearms after photodepilation with a long-pulsed alexandrite laser. " 01/01/2001 - "Transient hypopigmentation and textural changes have been reported in up to 50 and 12%, respectively, of patients treated with the Q-switched alexandrite laser. "