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Photoallergic Dermatitis (Photoallergy)

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A delayed hypersensitivity involving the reaction between sunlight or other radiant energy source and a chemical substance to which the individual has been previously exposed and sensitized. It manifests as a papulovesicular, eczematous, or exudative dermatitis occurring chiefly on the light-exposed areas of the skin.

Also Known As:

Photoallergy; Photocontact Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Photoallergic; Photoallergic Contact Dermatitis; Photosensitive Contact Dermatitis; Contact Dermatitides, Photoallergic; Contact Dermatitides, Photosensitive; Contact Dermatitis, Photoallergic; Contact Dermatitis, Photosensitive; Dermatitides, Photoallergic; Dermatitides, Photoallergic Contact; Dermatitides, Photocontact; Dermatitides, Photosensitive Contact; Dermatitis, Photoallergic Contact; Dermatitis, Photosensitive Contact; Photoallergic Contact Dermatitides; Photoallergic Dermatitides; Photoallergies; Photocontact Dermatitides; Photosensitive Contact Dermatitides; Dermatitis, Contact, Photoallergic; Dermatitis, Contact, Photosensitive; Dermatitis, Photocontact

Networked: 306 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 20 trials/studies)

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Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy)
2.	Contact Dermatitis (Eczema, Contact)
3.	Allergic Contact Dermatitis
4.	Acne Vulgaris
5.	Skin Diseases

Experts

1.	Api, A M: 7 articles (12/2013 - 09/2012)
2.	Letizia, C S: 7 articles (12/2013 - 09/2012)
3.	Scognamiglio, J: 7 articles (12/2013 - 09/2012)
4.	Tokura, Yoshiki: 7 articles (08/2012 - 08/2003)
5.	Jones, L: 5 articles (10/2012 - 09/2012)
6.	Atarashi, Kenji: 3 articles (08/2012 - 02/2006)
7.	Giordano-Labadie, F: 3 articles (01/2012 - 10/2001)
8.	Fonseca, E: 3 articles (10/2009 - 09/2001)
9.	Kabashima, Kenji: 3 articles (07/2009 - 08/2007)
10.	Vigan, M: 3 articles (04/2005 - 10/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Photoallergic Dermatitis:

1.	Sunscreening Agents (Sunscreens)IBA 07/01/2014 - "Photopatch testing is helpful to determine suspected topical agent photoallergies (eg, from ultraviolet filters in sunscreens) but generally not helpful in detecting systemic drug photosensitivity. " 08/01/2006 - "The results of this study confirm that sunscreens are the more frequently involved substances in photoallergic contact dermatitis in our population. " 03/01/2011 - "However, many molecular sunscreens penetrate into the skin causing photoallergies, phototoxic reactions and skin irritation. " 07/01/2010 - "True photoallergy to sunscreens is rare despite popular belief." 11/01/2008 - "Although rarely observed, we here describe the occurrence of a photoallergic contact dermatitis in a 55-year-old man after the use of two different sunscreens. "
2.	musk ambrette (artificial)IBA 07/01/1982 - "This study reports an improved experimental guinea pig model for inducing photoallergic contact dermatitis to musk ambrette. " 11/01/1982 - "This study reports a photoallergic contact dermatitis to musk ambrette in two male patients. " 03/01/1991 - "Pigmented photoallergic contact dermatitis from musk ambrette." 03/01/1987 - "Lichenoid photocontact dermatitis to musk ambrette." 12/01/1986 - "Contact photoallergy to musk ambrette."
3.	heptakis(2,6- O- dimethyl)beta- cyclodextrinIBA 01/01/1989 - "The present results indicate that DM-beta-CyD is particularly effective in alleviating photoallergic contact dermatitis due to CPZ." 01/01/1989 - "The effects of topically applied beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CyD) and heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CyD) on photoallergic contact dermatitis due to chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) were investigated using the photomaximization technique in guinea pigs. "
4.	Ketoprofen (Orudis)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2001 - "Five cases of photocontact dermatitis due to topical ketoprofen: photopatch testing and cross-reaction study." 05/01/2014 - "Serious photocontact dermatitis induced by topical ketoprofen depends on the formulation." 11/01/2012 - "A case of photoallergic contact dermatitis caused by unusual exposure to ketoprofen." 08/01/2012 - "Topical application of ketoprofen (KP) clinically evokes the allergic type of photocontact dermatitis. " 01/01/2010 - "Parallel with its popular usage, the number of reported cases of ketoprofen-induced photoallergic contact dermatitis has increased. "
5.	Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)FDA Link 01/01/1970 - "[In vitro studies on chlorpromazine photoallergy]." 07/01/2015 - "Photoallergic Contact Dermatitis Due to Chlorpromazine: A Report of 2 Cases." 11/01/2011 - "Pulpitis as clinical presentation of photoallergic contact dermatitis due to chlorpromazine." 08/01/1995 - "Case no. 1 showed features of photoallergy such as 1-month incubation period, decreased MED to UVA, strong positive photopatch test result, cross reaction to chlorpromazine, and angry back phenomenon found in allergic contact dermatitis. " 01/01/1969 - "[Experimental studies on sulfanilamide and chlorpromazine photoallergy]."
6.	benzophenoneIBA 06/01/1989 - "Photoallergy to benzophenone." 07/01/1982 - "[Photoallergic contact dermatitis by benzophenone containing sunscreening preparations]." 03/01/2003 - "Spectrum of cross-photosensitization in 18 consecutive patients with contact photoallergy to ketoprofen: associated photoallergies to non-benzophenone-containing molecules." 05/01/1998 - "Because of the similarities in chemical structures, we investigated patients with photoallergy to ketoprofen or tiaprofenic acid, in order to study cross-reactivity between APADs and a possible pattern of cross-reactivity between benzophenone-containing molecules, so as to determine the molecular basis of photoallergy to ketoprofen or tiaprofenic acid. " 07/01/2006 - "These results suggest that the chemical structure of the benzophenone chromophore in KP would be one of the important factors for induction of the photoallergy since both loxoprofen and flurbiprofen do not possess this structure and hence lack photoallergenic potential. "
7.	Quinidine (Chinidin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1988 - "Photoallergy to systemic quinidine in the mouse: dose-response studies." 08/01/1991 - "Ultraviolet B irradiation inhibits the induction of photoallergy to systemically administered quinidine in the mouse." 03/01/1991 - "Photoallergies due to quinidine sulphate were described as early as 1942. " 03/01/1991 - "[Quinidine-induced photoallergy. " 03/01/1990 - "Persistence of photosensitivity to quinidine, which is analogous to persistent light reactivity, was documented in 1 patient, and evolution from photocontact dermatitis to actinic reticuloid was observed in 2 others. "
8.	Methoxsalen (Oxsoralen)FDA Link 04/07/1978 - "The diagnosis of photoallergy was confirmed by re-exposure to oral 8-methoxypsoralen and total body UVA irradiation; phototests using topical and oral 8-methoxypsoralen with a high intensity monochromator or with a new high intensity light apparatus for the delivery of UVA; and histological studies. " 06/01/2010 - "Photoallergic contact dermatitis to 8-methoxypsoralen in Ficus carica." 07/01/1996 - "It proved that both sensitizers can induce photoallergy, although the concentration of 8-MOP needed to induce photoallergy is 4.5 times higher than that of CPZ. " 04/07/1978 - "Photoallergic dermatitis from 8-methoxypsoralen." 11/01/1968 - "Photoallergy to methoxsalen."
9.	tiaprofenic acidIBA 04/01/1989 - "45 patients (34 patients with PLE, 11 with phototoxic or photoallergic dermatitis) were photopatch tested to tiaprofenic acid. " 05/01/1998 - "Photocontact dermatitis from ketoprofen and tiaprofenic acid: cross-reactivity study in 12 consecutive patients." 05/01/1998 - "The arylpropionic acid derivatives (APADs) ketoprofen and tiaprofenic acid can provoke photoallergic dermatitis. " 05/01/1998 - "Because of the similarities in chemical structures, we investigated patients with photoallergy to ketoprofen or tiaprofenic acid, in order to study cross-reactivity between APADs and a possible pattern of cross-reactivity between benzophenone-containing molecules, so as to determine the molecular basis of photoallergy to ketoprofen or tiaprofenic acid. " 01/01/2000 - "Photoallergy to ketoprofen is due to the benzophenone structure or to the very similar thiophene phenylketone of tiaprofenic acid, but not to the arylpropionic function. "
10.	3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilideIBA 08/01/1991 - "Examination of tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA) photoallergy using in vitro photohapten-modified Langerhans cell-enriched epidermal cells." 02/01/1994 - "This study was conducted to investigate in vivo evaluation of protectiveness by sunscreens in the UVA range using a mouse model of contact photoallergy (CPS) to 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA). " 05/01/1983 - "These suppressor cells are antigen specific, inhibit the induction but not the elicitation of photoallergic contact dermatitis to TCSA, and are T lymphocytes. " 05/01/1983 - "Induction in mice of marked photoallergic contact dermatitis (PCD) to 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA) with UVA (320 to 400 nm) radiation requires pretreatment with cyclophosphamide (CY). " 04/01/1989 - "Contact photoallergy was detected in guinea pigs treated with musk ambrette or tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA), although with TCSA, a lower incidence of contact sensitivity and phototoxicity was also detected. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Photopheresis 07/01/1996 - "Photopheresis; the risk of photoallergy." 07/01/1996 - "Whether the presence of plasma during photopheresis is a risk for photoallergy was investigated with 8-MOP and chlorpromazine (CPZ; well-established photoallergen). "
2.	PUVA Therapy 11/01/1977 - "In nine of 121 patients unusual side effects of PUVA-therapy were observed: hypertrichosis, subungual hemorrhage of fingernails, nevus spilus-like hyperpigmentation, acneiform eruptions, and a photoallergic dermatitis to 8-methoxypsoralen."
3.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 02/01/2002 - "A brief overview of phototoxicity, photoallergy, and photoprotection is discussed with further elaboration upon the principles of phototherapy and its utility in treating idiopathic photodermatoses."
4.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 01/01/1978 - "Results of determining the minimal erythema dose (MED), of phototesting (8-MOP photoallergy, persistent light reactor, erythropoietic protoporphyria) and of photochemotherapy are given."
5.	Occlusive Dressings (Occlusive Dressing) 11/01/2007 - "Case reports have highlighted the possibility that garlic use may cause allergic reactions (allergic contact dermatitis, generalized urticaria, angiedema, pemphigus, anaphylaxis and photoallergy), alteration of platelet function and coagulation (with a possible risk of bleeding), and burns (when fresh garlic is applied on the skin, particularly under occlusive dressings). "