Hypertrophic Cicatrix (Hypertrophic Scar)

An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is formed by enlargement and overgrowth of cicatricial tissue and regresses spontaneously.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1079 relevant articles (108 outcomes, 169 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Keloid
2.	Cicatrix (Scar)
3.	Burns
4.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
5.	Pain (Aches)

Experts

1.	Mustoe, Thomas A: 16 articles (02/2012 - 03/2002)
2.	Tredget, Edward E: 14 articles (12/2015 - 03/2004)
3.	Ding, Jie: 8 articles (12/2015 - 05/2011)
4.	Wu, Jun: 8 articles (11/2015 - 02/2002)
5.	Ogawa, Rei: 8 articles (12/2014 - 03/2007)
6.	Ghahary, Aziz: 7 articles (11/2015 - 03/2004)
7.	Huo, Ran: 7 articles (10/2015 - 11/2005)
8.	Shankowsky, Heather A: 7 articles (12/2013 - 07/2005)
9.	Cheng, Biao: 7 articles (06/2012 - 10/2002)
10.	Dai, Xia: 7 articles (11/2010 - 01/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hypertrophic Cicatrix:

1.	SiliconesIBA 07/01/2009 - "This pilot study investigates whether pressure and silicone therapy used simultaneously are more effective in treating multiple characteristics of hypertrophic scars than pressure alone. " 01/01/2008 - "Although controlled trials in larger series of patients are necessary, our results suggest that the self-drying silicone gel may represent a safe and effective treatment for hypertrophic scars." 10/01/2010 - "Topical silicone therapy probably will continue to be the preferred first-line treatment for hypertrophic scars due to its availability, price, ease of application, lack of serious adverse effects, and relative efficacy. " 10/01/1989 - "Topical silicone gel: a new treatment for hypertrophic scars." 10/01/2011 - "The efficacy of silicone spray therapy was comparable to that of silicone gel sheet therapy in the prevention of hypertrophic scars. "
2.	CollagenIBA 08/01/2006 - "The citrus reticulata blanco extract might be beneficial for the management of hypertrophic scar through inhibition of the proliferation of fibroblasts in hypertrophic scar, by promoting apoptosis and collagen degradation." 11/01/2015 - "In summary, the findings of this study revealed that MTX significantly reduced collagen production in different strains of fibroblasts derived from neonatal, adult, and hypertrophic scar tissues, while under the same experimental conditions, it increased the expression of MMP-1. " 01/01/1995 - "Our studies suggest that collagen synthesis by fibroblasts in hypertrophic scars is stimulated by humoral factors which are active only in vivo. " 01/01/1995 - "The present study was designed to investigate the expression of type I, III and VI collagens by a fibroblast cell line initiated from a hypertrophic scar. " 05/01/2015 - "Hypertrophic scars displayed an increased vascularity and signal-rich bands correlating to excessive collagen deposition. "
3.	Bleomycin (Blenoxane)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2013 - "Electroporation in combination with bleomycin is an effective treatment for patients affected by large keloids or hypertrophic scars or patients who are nonresponders to other treatments. " 01/01/2001 - "The treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars has been difficult and a recent French study showed that bleomycin has been useful in the treatment of these lesions. " 03/01/2015 - "Intralesional bleomycin is a safe and effective treatment for keloids and hypertrophic scars. " 10/01/2013 - "Considering the promising results reported when treating keloids and hypertrophic scars with intralesional bleomycin injection and the enhanced effect of bleomycin when combined with electroporation, the authors hypothesized that electrochemotherapy should be used to treat keloids and hypertrophic scars when other treatments have failed. " 03/01/2008 - "The aim of our study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of bleomycin in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids. "
4.	tranilast (N 5')IBA 04/01/2006 - "Tranilast (N-(3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl) is useful for treating atopic disorders and hypertrophic scars as well, suggesting its capacity to inhibit fibroblast proliferation. " 09/01/1997 - "Hypertrophic scar was less apparent in the patients who received tranilast versus those who did not; redness scores were 29.5 +/- 16.5 and 51.6 +/- 14.9, respectively (p < 0.01). " 09/01/1997 - "Hypertrophic scar was seen in 11 of 40 tranilast administered patients (28%) and in 10 of 34 patients not receiving tranilast (29%) (NS). " 06/01/1997 - "Tranilast was effectively delivered transdermally iontophoretically into the restricted skin tissues of hairless rats and the affected parts of four patients with hypertrophic scars with no skin damage. " 11/01/2012 - "Tranilast is used clinically as a drug for hypertrophic scars or keloids. "
5.	onion extract drug combination heparin allantoinIBA 03/01/2006 - "The safety and efficacy of local administration of Contractubex to hypertrophic scars was compared to corticosteroid treatment. " 03/01/2006 - "To investigate the safety and efficacy of Contractubex administration to hypertrophic scars in routine out-patient practice and to compare it to corticosteroid treatment. " 03/01/2006 - "Safety and efficacy of local administration of contractubex to hypertrophic scars in comparison to corticosteroid treatment. " 07/01/2006 - "Meanwhile, multiple clinical studies have shown that Contractubex gel (Merz Pharma, Frankfurt, Germany) was effective in the treatment and prevention of hypertrophic scars and keloids. " 02/01/2001 - "Preparation Contractubex (gel for external application in tubes of 20 g each), manufactured by pharmaceutical company Merz GmbH (Frankfurt-on-Main, Germany), was used during the treatment of 30 patients with hypertrophic cicatrix and contracture."
6.	Triamcinolone Acetonide (Azmacort)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2012 - "Importing triamcinolone acetonide into hypertrophic scars with skin roller needles is effective. " 05/01/2012 - "To evaluate the effect of importing triamcinolone acetonide into hypertrophic scars with skin roller needles. " 11/01/2008 - "To compare intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) alone or combined with onion extract in keloidal and hypertrophic scars. " 09/01/2001 - "The amounts of CD1a molecules positive DC in the epidermis of hypertrophic scar with the injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide were significantly lower in 3 days and 7 days treatment (456.36 +/- 82.88 and 397.18 +/- 99.36, P < 0.05). " 07/01/2000 - "Intralesional injection of Kenalog was performed on 6 patients with hypertrophic scars. "
7.	Verapamil (Calan)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2001 - "[The biological effect of verapamil on hypertrophic scar fibroblast]." 10/01/2014 - "Based on clinical results and on the high level of reliability and statistical significance, we concluded that verapamil at a concentration of 50 µM is an excellent choice as a scar modulator; its use avoids the development of keloids and hypertrophic scars after plastic surgery." 01/01/2016 - "Topical application of a silicone gel sheet with verapamil microparticles may be a novel, effective treatment method for hypertrophic scar, but its safety and efficacy in humans must be tested in clinical trials." 11/01/2001 - "To study the mechanism of calcium channel antagonist Verapamil on the treatment of hypertrophic scar and explore the possibility of further clinical application. " 01/01/2016 - "Topical Application of a Silicone Gel Sheet with Verapamil Microparticles in a Rabbit Model of Hypertrophic Scar."
8.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 09/01/2010 - "It is conceivable that systemically administered corticosteroids affect a wider range of inflammatory processes that influence wound healing and may be more successful in preventing hypertrophic scar formation. " 01/01/2003 - "Pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment and intralesional corticosteroids have individually been reported to be effective in reducing hypertrophic scar bulk and symptoms. " 01/01/1987 - "A treatment protocol is proposed: Hypertrophic scars are primarily treated with intralesional injections of corticosteroids or with compression therapy. " 08/01/2014 - "Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for keloids and hypertrophic scars. " 08/01/2014 - "Accumulated clinical evidence also supports a greater role for 5-fluourouracil in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids, particularly in combination with intralesional corticosteroids. "
9.	1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene (PDT)IBA 07/01/2011 - "[Influence of ALA-PDT on fibroblast cells from hypertrophic scars]." 09/01/2010 - "Patients with long standing hypertrophic scars were treated with MAL-PDT on two occasions at week apart, and repeated for 3 sessions at 6-weekly intervals. " 05/01/2010 - "To investigate the effect of HMME-PDT on the proliferation and cell distribution of hypertrophic scar fibroblast (HSF). " 10/01/2014 - "To investigate the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on dermal fibroblasts from hypertrophic scars (HSs). " 07/01/2011 - "The inhibition effect of ALA-PDT on fibroblast cells from hypertrophic scars increases with the dosage of photosensitizer and the energy level of He-Ne laser light. "
10.	HydrogelIBA 01/01/2006 - "A transparent adhesive film possessing selective permeability combined with a hydrogel (Burnshield) may be effective in burn patients to reduce skin maceration, improve medication, control pain more effectively, and reduce the incidence of late complications (hypertrophic scars). " 06/01/2014 - "Since the rate of wound closure is inversely correlated with hypertrophic scar formation and infection risks, our peptide hydrogel technology fills a niche neglected by current treatment options. " 01/01/2005 - "This small study suggests the efficacy of combined salicylic acid and hydrogel therapy in the treatment of hypertrophic scars. " 01/01/2005 - "The purpose of this report is to present the results of a preliminary treatment regimen for hypertrophic scars combining topical 2% salicylic acid cream (Avosil) with an overlay of hydrogel dressing (Avogel). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lasers (Laser) 11/01/2011 - "Several lasers and light sources have been evaluated in the past decades and have been shown to improve hypertrophic scars. " 12/01/1992 - "Hypertrophic scar: an interruption in the remodeling of repair--a laser Doppler blood flow study." 09/01/2014 - "Laser treatments produced rapid, significant, and lasting improvements in hypertrophic scar. " 08/01/2014 - "To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of Er:YAG fractional laser (EYFL) and CO2 fractional laser (CO2FL) for treatment of hypertrophic scars. " 08/01/2014 - "Ablative fractional laser treatment for hypertrophic scars: comparison between Er:YAG and CO2 fractional lasers."
2.	Dye Lasers 12/01/1998 - "Over the past decade, the 585-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) has been used successfully to treat a variety of cutaneous vascular lesions as well as hypertrophic scars. " 07/01/2004 - "Furthermore, most previous studies examined its use in patients with light skin types, and the use of pulse dye laser in dark-skinned patients for the treatment of hypertrophic scars is not well established. " 07/01/2004 - "Pulse dye laser has been used with variable degrees of success in the treatment of hypertrophic scars, and although earlier reports suggested a significant degree of improvement, more recent studies have raised concern about its effectiveness. " 09/01/2012 - "The pulsed-dye laser (PDL) is a potential adjunctive therapy for treatment of hyperemic and hypertrophic scars. " 02/01/2007 - "Flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye lasers (PDLs) have successfully treated keloidal and hypertrophic scars. "
3.	Solid-State Lasers 08/01/2002 - "Treatment of pigmented hypertrophic scars with the 532 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser led to a significant improvement of 38% in the VGH scores when compared to baseline (P =.005). " 08/01/2002 - "To determine the efficacy of the 532 nm frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of pigmented hypertrophic scars as compared to the 585 nm FLPDL. " 08/01/2002 - "The 532 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and the 585 nm FLPDL offer comparable favorable results in the treatment of pigmented hypertrophic scars. " 10/01/1999 - "Er:YAG laser ablation is an effective method for treating EVHC at anatomic sites prone to hypertrophic scar formation." 05/01/1995 - "One of the patients treated with the Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm showed a hypertrophic scar."
4.	Cryosurgery 07/01/2013 - "Intralesional cryosurgery has emerged as a safe and effective new treatment by destroying the hypertrophic scar tissue with minimal damage to the skin surface. " 05/01/2003 - "Although therapeutic management of hypertrophic scars and keloids using contact or spray cryosurgery has yielded significant improvement or complete regression of hypertrophic scars and keloids, it requires one to 20 treatment sessions. " 09/01/1993 - "Cryosurgery was found effective and safe in keloids and, especially, in hypertrophic scars, in an open, uncontrolled study. " 09/01/2008 - "Intralesional cryosurgery for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids following aesthetic surgery: the results of a prospective observational study." 05/01/2012 - "Intralesional cryosurgery and intralesional steroid injection: a good combination therapy for treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars."
5.	Transplants (Transplant) 09/01/1987 - "Partial excision of hypertrophic donor sites, unsightly skin grafts, and hypertrophic scars did yield improved appearance in most patients. " 02/01/2011 - "Focal hypertrophic scar and reddish-coloured graft sites gradually improved over 3-4 years postoperatively. " 01/01/2007 - "This study was designed to investigate whether hypertrophic scars could be reproduced by transplanting full-thickness human skin grafts onto the backs of nude mice. " 11/01/2012 - "The grafts were excellent in color, texture, and elasticity, and no hypertrophic scar was observed at the edge and joint of the grafts. " 01/01/2007 - "Nevertheless, no hypertrophic scars were observed in mice transplanted with full-thickness rat skin grafts. "