Hypertrophic Cicatrix (Hypertrophic Scar)

An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is formed by enlargement and overgrowth of cicatricial tissue and regresses spontaneously.

Also Known As:

Networked: 2000 relevant articles (231 outcomes, 383 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Keloid
2.	Cicatrix (Scar)
3.	Burns
4.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
5.	Pain (Aches)

Experts

1.	Hu, Dahai: 24 articles (10/2021 - 07/2002)
2.	Mustoe, Thomas A: 19 articles (10/2020 - 03/2002)
3.	Li, Yan: 18 articles (01/2021 - 01/2014)
4.	Ogawa, Rei: 17 articles (06/2022 - 02/2003)
5.	Tredget, Edward E: 17 articles (01/2022 - 03/2004)
6.	Shi, Jihong: 16 articles (01/2021 - 11/2014)
7.	Zhang, Yixin: 14 articles (01/2022 - 09/2006)
8.	Wu, Jun: 13 articles (11/2018 - 02/2002)
9.	Li, Qingfeng: 12 articles (01/2022 - 12/2013)
10.	Shupp, Jeffrey W: 12 articles (01/2022 - 11/2009)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hypertrophic Cicatrix:

1.	SiliconesIBA 01/01/2019 - "Literature review shows that silicone gel is effective in preventing and improving hypertrophic scars after surgery. " 01/01/2018 - "Self-dry silicone gel is reportedly also effective for preventing hypertrophic scars. " 01/01/2008 - "Although controlled trials in larger series of patients are necessary, our results suggest that the self-drying silicone gel may represent a safe and effective treatment for hypertrophic scars." 10/01/1989 - "Topical silicone gel: a new treatment for hypertrophic scars." 05/01/2020 - "Two patients developed hypertrophic scars, which responded well to silicone treatment. "
2.	Triamcinolone Acetonide (Azmacort)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2021 - "In group III, the rabbits with induced hypertrophic scar were treated with triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) 0.1% as standard medication. " 06/01/2017 - "Hypertrophic scars were harvested from the ears of 18 young adult New Zealand big-eared rabbits and treated with BTXA or triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) in vivo experiment. " 05/01/2012 - "Importing triamcinolone acetonide into hypertrophic scars with skin roller needles is effective. " 05/01/2012 - "To evaluate the effect of importing triamcinolone acetonide into hypertrophic scars with skin roller needles. " 11/01/2008 - "To compare intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) alone or combined with onion extract in keloidal and hypertrophic scars. "
3.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 07/01/2023 - "The hypertrophic scar was improved gradually by corticosteroid injection. " 11/01/2023 - "Delayed linear lipoatrophy following corticosteroid injection of a hypertrophic scar: Successfully reversed by isotonic saline injection." 01/01/2023 - "Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars with Corticoid-Embedded Dissolving Microneedles." 01/01/2022 - "To compare the efficacy and safety of thermomechanical fractional injury (TMFI)-assisted topical corticosteroid delivery with corticosteroid injection in the treatment of hypertrophic scar (HTS). " 09/01/2010 - "It is conceivable that systemically administered corticosteroids affect a wider range of inflammatory processes that influence wound healing and may be more successful in preventing hypertrophic scar formation. "
4.	CollagenIBA 08/01/2006 - "The citrus reticulata blanco extract might be beneficial for the management of hypertrophic scar through inhibition of the proliferation of fibroblasts in hypertrophic scar, by promoting apoptosis and collagen degradation." 11/01/2019 - "In vivo findings revealed the modulation of pigmentation, vascularization, improved texture (P = .0001; 3D imaging), and variations of collagen remodeling (at RCM) in both atrophic and hypertrophic scars. " 06/01/2017 - "These results demonstrated that BTXA effectively improved the appearance of hypertrophic scars and inhibited the formation of collagen fibrils and fibroblasts in vivo. " 01/01/2021 - "This study illustrated ADSC-Exo attenuated the deposition of collagen, the trans-differentiation of fibroblasts-to-myofibroblasts, and the formation of hypertrophic scar by in vitro and in vivo experiments. " 09/01/2019 - "The data generated from the study offers a novel in vitro collagen-rich model of hypertrophic scar tissue. "
5.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1999 - "The use of 5-FU intralesionally for treatment of hypertrophic scars appears to be both effective and safe. " 07/01/2010 - "Preparation and characterization of different sizes of ethosomes encapsulated with 5-fluorouracil and its experimental study of permeability in hypertrophic scar." 01/01/2019 - "Topical 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) has been reported as one of the standard treatments for hypertrophic scars (HTS). " 09/01/2011 - "ES has better permeability of 5-FU than DS, DS has higher entrapment efficiency of 5-FU, and more 5-FU deposition in hypertrophic scar than ES. " 09/01/2011 - "In conclusion, both ES and DS could deliver 5-FU into the hypertrophic scars effectively. "
6.	SteroidsIBA 02/01/2023 - "In group C the healing was good, but there was a hypertrophic scar in 7 patients and required steroid injection later. " 04/01/2011 - "One mild hypertrophic scar responding to steroid injection over the mastoid area was observed in the entire series. " 07/01/2006 - "She had received an intralesional steroid injection 4 months earlier on the site of a hypertrophic scar. " 02/01/2005 - "An unexpected complication of steroid use for the treatment of hypertrophic scar." 11/01/2000 - "Papules, pustules, and hypertrophic scars were all successfully treated with high-potency topical and intralesional steroids. "
7.	Verapamil (Calan)FDA LinkGeneric 05/10/2023 - "And the in vivo study demonstrated that the 3D-printed morphology-customized microneedles successfully promoted the transdermal delivery of the loaded drug (verapamil hydrochloride) with an enhanced therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of hypertrophic scar." 10/01/2021 - "On gross analysis, features of hypertrophic scars were significantly alleviated in the verapamil-added groups. " 11/01/2001 - "[The biological effect of verapamil on hypertrophic scar fibroblast]." 01/01/2020 - "The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of verapamil and TAC for the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars. " 08/01/2016 - "The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of verapamil in preventing and treating keloid and hypertrophic scars. "
8.	Bleomycin (Blenoxane)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2020 - "Interestingly, we found that si-THBS1 inhibited the occurrence and development of bleomycin-induced hypertrophic scars in vivo and downregulated TGF-β1 expression. " 11/14/2019 - "Therefore, bleomycin-loaded dissolving HA microneedles provide a potential route to treat hypertrophic scars in a convenient, efficient, and minimally invasive manner." 04/01/2016 - "A similar increase in Flii was observed in hypertrophic scars formed in mice post-treatment with bleomycin. " 10/01/2013 - "Electroporation in combination with bleomycin is an effective treatment for patients affected by large keloids or hypertrophic scars or patients who are nonresponders to other treatments. " 01/01/2001 - "The treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars has been difficult and a recent French study showed that bleomycin has been useful in the treatment of these lesions. "
9.	Type A Botulinum Toxins (Botox)FDA Link 05/01/2022 - "Previous studies have used botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) to improve postoperative and hypertrophic scars; however, there is lack of detailed verification on the safety and effectiveness of this approach. " 11/01/2021 - "The effect of Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in treating or preventing a hypertrophic scar (HS) had been reported in clinical studies. " 05/01/2021 - "Previous studies have showed that botulinum toxin type A (BTA) has effects on the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scar, but little is known about the specific mechanisms. " 01/01/2016 - "Botulinum Toxin Type A and the Prevention of Hypertrophic Scars on the Maxillofacial Area and Neck: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." 02/21/2012 - "A recent study reported that Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) could inhibit the growth of hypertrophic scars and improve their appearance. "
10.	1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene (PDT)IBA 12/01/2019 - "The 5-ALA PDT based treatment could improve the severe hypertrophic scar induced by HS in an effective and safe manner." 09/01/2020 - "Successful treatment of facial hypertrophic scar with HMME-PDT: A case report." 07/01/2011 - "[Influence of ALA-PDT on fibroblast cells from hypertrophic scars]." 09/01/2010 - "Patients with long standing hypertrophic scars were treated with MAL-PDT on two occasions at week apart, and repeated for 3 sessions at 6-weekly intervals. " 05/01/2010 - "To investigate the effect of HMME-PDT on the proliferation and cell distribution of hypertrophic scar fibroblast (HSF). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 09/13/2023 - "Numerous studies have shown that pressure garment therapy (PGT) is an effective treatment for preventing hypertrophic scars. " 01/01/2018 - "Pressure therapy has been proved to be an effective treatment for hypertrophic scars in a clinical setting. " 08/01/2015 - "Although pressure therapy (PT) has been widely used as the first-line treatment for hypertrophic scars (HS), the histopathological changes involved have seldom been studied. " 09/01/2008 - "Although pressure therapy is the mainstay of treatment for hypertrophic scars, its actual mechanism remains unknown. " 12/01/2020 - "Based on these results, this novel combination therapy appears to be a promising treatment modality for hypertrophic scars in patients with Fitzpatrick Skin Types IV to VI. However, further large-scale studies will need to be completed to determine long-term efficacy and possible adverse events."
2.	Lasers (Laser) 10/01/2021 - "A significant improvement was noted in the thickness, size, hardness, and histopathology of hypertrophic scar samples after laser treatment, especially in combination group. " 01/01/2019 - "The resultsshowed that hypertrophic scar was significantly improved after several laser treatments, and no severe adverse effects were observed. " 10/01/2022 - "New and improved treatment modalities, including lasers and energy-based devices, are promising treatment options for hypertrophic scars. " 01/01/2021 - "Ablative fractional laser treatment has been used to improve the color and texture of hypertrophic scars with safe and effective results. " 01/01/2023 - "Laser Treatment of Hypertrophic Scar in a Porcine Model Induces Change to Epidermal Histoarchitecture That Correlates to Improved Epidermal Barrier Function."
3.	Gas Lasers 02/01/2022 - "This evidence suggests that fractional CO2 laser treatment is effective for improving the clinical appearance of hypertrophic scars with a good safety profile." 01/01/2021 - "Many methods have been shown to be effective in the treatment of hypertrophic scars, such as ablative fractional CO2 laser (AFCL) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). " 10/01/2019 - "Efficacy of Combined Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) With Fractional CO2 -Laser Ablation in the Treatment of Large Hypertrophic Scars: A Prospective, Randomized Control Trial." 02/01/2022 - "Fractional carbon dioxide laser for treating hypertrophic scars: A systematic review of randomised trials." 09/01/2014 - "Aims of this study are: (a) to determine the clinical and histopathological effects of fractional CO2 laser on hypertrophic scar, (b) to evaluate the expression pattern of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) as an important fibrogenic factor before and 6 months after fractional CO2 laser treatment. "
4.	Dye Lasers 12/01/1998 - "Over the past decade, the 585-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) has been used successfully to treat a variety of cutaneous vascular lesions as well as hypertrophic scars. " 06/01/2020 - "The efficacy of pulsed dye laser combined (PDL) and UltraPulse fractional CO2 in treatment of hypertrophic scars is well documented. " 07/01/2004 - "Furthermore, most previous studies examined its use in patients with light skin types, and the use of pulse dye laser in dark-skinned patients for the treatment of hypertrophic scars is not well established. " 07/01/2004 - "Pulse dye laser has been used with variable degrees of success in the treatment of hypertrophic scars, and although earlier reports suggested a significant degree of improvement, more recent studies have raised concern about its effectiveness. " 10/01/2022 - "The pulsed dye laser (PDL) is an effective modality for preventing and improving hypertrophic scars (HSs). "
5.	Solid-State Lasers 08/01/2002 - "Treatment of pigmented hypertrophic scars with the 532 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser led to a significant improvement of 38% in the VGH scores when compared to baseline (P =.005). " 01/01/2019 - "This study clearly demonstrates that combined PDL/Nd:YAG laser treatment is an effective, safe and well-tolerated treatment option for hypertrophic scars." 03/01/2022 - "Er: YAG laser is a safe and effective treatment method for the hypertrophic scars induced by razor blades. " 01/01/2020 - "This is a pilot study showing the safety and efficacy of fractional ablative Er:YAG laser treatment is a safe and effective treatment modality in the treatment of hypertrophic scars." 08/01/2002 - "To determine the efficacy of the 532 nm frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of pigmented hypertrophic scars as compared to the 585 nm FLPDL. "