Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1040 relevant articles (71 outcomes, 69 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pulmonary Hypertension
2.	Hypoxia (Hypoxemia)
3.	Vascular Remodeling
4.	Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
5.	Hypertrophy

Experts

1.	Seeger, Werner: 10 articles (01/2021 - 01/2010)
2.	Wang, Jian: 9 articles (01/2021 - 01/2010)
3.	Michelakis, Evangelos D: 8 articles (12/2021 - 10/2004)
4.	MacLean, Margaret R: 8 articles (06/2021 - 02/2002)
5.	Weissmann, Norbert: 8 articles (01/2021 - 01/2010)
6.	McMurtry, Ivan F: 8 articles (01/2019 - 08/2004)
7.	Morrell, Nicholas W: 8 articles (03/2017 - 03/2006)
8.	Laghmani, El Houari: 8 articles (01/2017 - 04/2009)
9.	Walther, Frans J: 8 articles (01/2017 - 04/2009)
10.	Grimminger, Friedrich: 7 articles (01/2021 - 01/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Right Ventricular Hypertrophy:

1.	Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra)FDA Link 05/17/2011 - "Antenatal sildenafil improved lung structure, increased pulmonary vessel density, reduced right ventricular hypertrophy, and improved postnatal NO donor 2-(N,N-diethylamino)-diazenolate-2-oxide-induced pulmonary artery relaxation. " 01/01/2017 - "As expected, sildenafil attenuated the CH-induced increase in right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. " 01/01/2016 - "In comparison with the M group, barberry (200 mg/kg) or sildenafil significantly reduced the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) (22.95 ± 1.78 mm Hg and 30.71 ± 1.64 mm Hg, versus 41.28 ± 1.5 mm Hg), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) (0.39 ± 0.03 and 0.42 ± 0.02, versus 0.57 ± 0.02), and the medial wall thickness (MWT) (4.56 ± 0.15 µm and 5.97 ± 0.19 µm, versus 7.02 ± 0.43 µm). " 05/01/2015 - "Finally, KMUP-1A or sildenafil-A reduced PAH and associated right ventricular hypertrophy." 09/15/2005 - "Sildenafil preserved alveolar growth and lung angiogenesis, and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy and medial wall thickness. "
2.	MonocrotalineIBA 01/01/2019 - "In this study, we made observations in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats and found decreases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vessel resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy index, percentage of medial wall thickness, percentage of medial wall area, and lung weight of wet and dry tissue ratio after GSP administration in vivo. " 10/01/2017 - "Our previous study using cardiac and lung specific IκBα mutant mice (3M and IKBM) showed that PAH induced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) was prevented in monocrotaline (MCT) treated 3M and IKBM mice, compared to the wild-type mice. " 01/01/2021 - "OCS ameliorated the development of PH, right ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in the monocrotaline-induced PH rats. " 07/01/2020 - "Rats were then treated with monocrotaline to induce a rat model of PAH, after which the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) were determined. " 01/01/2019 - "Significantly, FDCA lowered mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), and decreased right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats. "
3.	fasudil (AT 877)IBA 02/20/2004 - "The fasudil treatment improved pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary vascular lesions with suppression of VSMC proliferation and macrophage infiltration, enhanced VSMC apoptosis, and amelioration of endothelial dysfunction and VSMC hypercontraction. " 01/01/2015 - "Fasudil may partly prevent and reverse the development of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial cell injury." 01/01/2015 - "Effect of fasudil on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in rats." 12/01/2006 - "Long-term blockade of Rho-kinase with fasudil (100 mg/kg/d) for 3 weeks markedly improved PH and right ventricular hypertrophy in WT mice with a lesser but significant inhibition noted in eNOS mice. " 01/01/2013 - "After 21 days, a significant decrease in RVP accompanied by a reduction of right ventricular hypertrophy - a significant decrease in the right ventricle/left ventricle plus septum ratio - as a result of sildenafil or fasudil administration was assessed. "
4.	selexipagIBA 01/01/2018 - "The pulmonary vascular wall was thickened, and right ventricular hypertrophy was present in the CDH group and improved both after single treatment with sildenafil or selexipag, whereas the combination therapy with both compounds did not have additive value. " 01/01/2021 - "In a Sugen 5416/hypoxia rat model of PAH, selexipag significantly improved pulmonary artery obstruction, decreased right ventricular systolic pressure, decreased right ventricular hypertrophy and improved survival rate. " 01/01/2021 - "Selexipag, macitentan, and reoxygenation prevented an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure and hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy, compared to the vehicle. " 09/01/2008 - "In a rat model of pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline (MCT), NS-304 ameliorated vascular endothelial dysfunction, pulmonary arterial wall hypertrophy, and right ventricular hypertrophy, and it elevated right ventricular systolic pressure and improved survival. "
5.	CalciumIBA 01/01/2017 - "Length-Dependent Prolongation of Force Relaxation Is Unaltered by Delay of Intracellular Calcium Decline in Early-Stage Rabbit Right Ventricular Hypertrophy." 05/06/1997 - "Contractile force, tension, and calcium responsiveness were measured in single-skinned myocytes isolated from rats with right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and control rats. " 12/01/1994 - "Ferret right ventricular hypertrophy is characterized by a decreased and prolonged isometric contraction, associated with altered intracellular calcium (Ca2+) regulation. " 12/01/1988 - "The magnitude and kinetics of the slow inward calcium current (Isi) were compared in single right ventricular myocytes that were isolated from normal cats and cats with right ventricular hypertrophy. " 01/01/1983 - "Hemodynamics, regional myocardial blood flow, and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium uptake in right ventricular hypertrophy and failure."
6.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 12/15/2015 - "Knockdown of miR206 resulted in significant improvement in the cardiopulmonary function, as right ventricular pressure was significantly reduced to 38.6 ± 3.61 mmHg from 61.2 ± 5.4 mmHg in PH, and right ventricular hypertrophy index was decreased to 0.35 ± 0.04 from 0.59 ± 0.037 in PH. Knockdown of miR206 reversed PH-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling in vivo and was associated with restoration of PH-induced loss of capillaries in the lungs and induction of vascular endothelial growth factor A expression. " 08/01/2014 - "The results showed that hemodynamic data and right ventricular hypertrophy were significantly improved (P < 0.05), the expression level of Ub, NF-κB, TGF-β1, Smad2 and VEGF were decreased (P < 0.05), but the level of I-κBα was increased in PS-341 treated group as compared with the shunt and vehicle groups (P < 0.05). " 01/01/2006 - "We conclude that the upregulation of genes encoding VEGF and ECM proteins are the key events contributing to right ventricular hypertrophy and stunted angiogenesis in patients with TF." 10/01/2021 - "We aimed to study the possible effects of bevacizumab on right ventricular pressure (RVP), right ventricular hypertrophy, and VEGF, in hypoxia - induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) rat model. " 01/01/2021 - "Functional studies with bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from homozygous IRS2 gene-deleted mice showed that hypoxia exposure led to enhancement of the Akt and ERK signaling pathway followed by increases in the pro-PH macrophage activation markers, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and arginase 1. Our data suggest that IRS2 contributes to anti-inflammatory effects by regulating macrophage activation and recruitment, which may limit the vascular inflammation, remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy that are seen in PH pathology. "
7.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 02/17/2022 - " morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors were required for PAH-induced right ventricular hypertrophy. " 01/01/2022 - "At the end of the experiment, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) index of SD rats was calculated, pathological damage was assessed by HE staining, transcription levels of target genes were detected by RT-PCR and Elisa, and expression levels of Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) related proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF). " 07/01/2020 - "Right ventricular pressure load evoked by MCT treatment in rats leads to a prominent downregulation of TRPM4 protein expression in the RV and complete deletion of TRPM4 expression aggravates right ventricular hypertrophy. " 01/01/2012 - "EZH2 protein expression in mouse PASMCs were correlated with an increase in right ventricular systolic pressure and Right Ventricular Hypertrophy (RVH). " 06/01/2010 - "Ventilation parameters, arterial blood flows, and pressures were recorded in real-time for 90 min. LPS lambs had higher total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (P<0.002), increased medial thickness of arteriolar walls (P=0.013), and right ventricular hypertrophy (P=0.012). "
8.	Semaxinib (SU5416)IBA 12/31/2023 - "Hypoxia/SU5416 or MCT was used to induce PH. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) were used to validate the establishment of PH model.Results" 01/01/2020 - "daily for 21 days) significantly inhibited chronic hypoxia/SU5416-induced elevations of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index in rats. " 11/01/2013 - "Prophylactic treatment with an anti-Gremlin 1 neutralizing mAb reduced the hypoxic/SU5416-dependent increase in pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy. " 09/26/2011 - "Right ventricular hypertrophy and a marked elevation in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) were seen in both models of PH. Rats treated with the combination of SU5416 and chronic hypoxia also developed pulmonary endothelial hyperproliferative lesions. " 01/01/2022 - "Although perinatal hypoxia alone did not affect survival, physiological, or pathological parameters at baseline or at the end of the experimental period in controls, perinatal hypoxia decreased weight gain and survival rate and increased right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and indices of PVD in SU5416/hypoxia rats. "
9.	rho-Associated KinasesIBA 06/01/2014 - "Crucial role of rho-kinase in pressure overload-induced right ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice." 01/05/2007 - "Carotid artery/jugular vein shunt resulted in high pulmonary blood flow, both an acute and a chronic elevation of right ventricular systolic pressure, significant medial wall thickening characterized by smooth muscle cells proliferation, right ventricular hypertrophy and increased activation of RhoA and Rho kinase. " 12/01/2020 - "MXXTM attenuates hypoxia pulmonary arterial hypertension to improve right ventricular hypertrophy by inhibiting the Rho-kinase signaling pathway." 12/01/2020 - "Maxingxiongting mixture attenuates hypoxia pulmonary arterial hypertension to improve right ventricular hypertrophy by inhibiting the rho-kinase signaling pathway." 10/01/2013 - "To test the hypothesis that neonatal hyperoxia induced pulmonary hypertension accompanied by increased Rho-kinase expression in rat lungs and that Rho-kinase inhibitor could attenuate right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary arterial remodeling. "
10.	Simvastatin (Zocor)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2011 - "On day 28, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) significantly decreased in the simvastatin group compared to the M group. " 05/02/2009 - "The severity of right ventricular hypertrophy was significantly reduced by simvastatin in MCT-PH and CH-PH rats. " 11/15/2002 - "By Day 35, rats that received vehicle had higher mean pulmonary arterial pressures (53 +/- 2 mm Hg) and right ventricular hypertrophy (right ventricle/[left ventricle plus septum] [RV/LV+S] = 0.78 +/- 0.09) than rats in Group PMS5-35 that received simvastatin from Day 5 to 35 (mean pulmonary arterial pressure = 27 +/- 3 mm Hg, RV/LV+S = 0.34 +/- 0.08; p < or = 0.001). " 01/01/2019 - "Simvastatin reduces pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy in animal models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and is thought to restore endothelial dysfunction. " 09/30/2003 - "Simvastatin treatment reduced right ventricular hypertrophy and reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of pathological smooth muscle cells in the neointima and medial walls of pulmonary arteries. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 08/01/2007 - "The combination therapy, when compared with each monotherapy, showed significantly more improvement in PH, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary medial thickness without any adverse effects. " 01/01/2018 - "With each strategy, mAb therapy improved infant lung structure as assessed by radial alveolar count, vessel density, right ventricular hypertrophy, and lung function. " 01/01/2022 - "Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 1-mediated Xbp1s knockdown in the prevention and therapy groups significantly reduced right ventricular systolic pressure, total pulmonary resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy, and the medial wall thickness of muscularized distal pulmonary arterioles; AAV-Xbp1s also decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and increased apoptosis in pulmonary arterioles. " 01/01/2018 - "We conclude that treatment with anti-sFlt-1 mAb preserves lung structure and function and prevents right ventricular hypertrophy in two rat models of BPD of antenatal stress and speculate that early mAb therapy may provide a novel strategy for the prevention of BPD." 12/01/2010 - "Right ventricular hypertrophy and medial wall thickness of pulmonary arterioles were significantly attenuated with sole and combination therapy (p<0.05). "
2.	Bariatric Surgery 10/01/2014 - "The studies were identified by the following search terms: 'bariatric surgery', 'obesity', 'left ventricle', 'right ventricle', 'left ventricular hypertrophy', 'right ventricular hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy', 'ventricular dysfunction', 'echocardiography', 'magnetic resonance imaging' and 'cardiac imaging techniques'.In a pooled population of 537 obese patients with preserved systolic function enrolled in eight studies, bariatric surgery induced beneficial effects on RV morphology and function; the procedures reverted obesity-related right ventricular hypertrophy as suggested by a significant decrease in RV mass, and improved systolic and diastolic RV performance as assessed by traditional and newer echocardiographic indexes. " 05/01/2015 - "Bariatric surgery induces several metabolic improvements (resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus, improvement of lipid metabolism and of insulin resistance, reduction of visceral fat, of subclinical endothelial dysfunction and inflammation), and functional improvements (reduction of hypertension, of sympathetic overactivity, of left and right ventricular hypertrophy), which can explain the protective effect towards CV disease. "
3.	Ligation 06/01/2007 - "In mice that underwent permanent ligation of coronary arteries, both left and right ventricular hypertrophy were prevented by CNP over-expression 3 weeks post-MI. " 01/01/1989 - "Morphometric evaluation of the time course of right ventricular hypertrophy after left coronary artery ligation in rats." 05/07/1987 - "Partial ligation of the main pulmonary artery for four weeks resulted in right ventricular hypertrophy with no significant changes in left ventricular muscle. " 01/01/2021 - "We describe a step-by-step guide for inducing pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy (PH-RVH) in sheep by left pulmonary artery (LPA) ligation combined with progressive main pulmonary artery (MPA) banding. " 05/01/1998 - "In the rabbit, LVD secondary to coronary artery ligation, causes right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary vascular remodelling, and an increased PAP consistent with the onset of pulmonary hypertension (PHT). "
4.	Endurance Training 01/01/1985 - "The authors investigated whether an altitude of 1,350 m would affect the rat cardiovascular system in the same way as genuine altitude hypoxia and the way it would take effect when combined with endurance training in the form of swimming It was found that 8 weeks spent at this altitude led to an increase in absolute and relative heart weight, to right ventricular hypertrophy, and to increased resistance of the myocardium to acute anoxia. " 10/01/1997 - "This study shows that combination of endurance training and moderate hypobaric hypoxic condition leads to increased right ventricular collagen type III and IV gene expression associated with right ventricular hypertrophy."
5.	Subcutaneous Injections 11/01/2023 - "RA function was studied in MCT-PH rats 20 days after a single subcutaneous injection of MCT 50 mg/kg. The histological results indicated the presence of RA and right ventricular hypertrophy. " 12/01/1988 - "4. Pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, lung pathology, organ weights and serum electrolytes were assessed 3 weeks after a single subcutaneous injection of MCT. " 08/25/2023 - "Three weeks after subcutaneous injection of MCT or normal saline, the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) of rats were detected using a right heart catheter. " 02/20/2004 - "Animals received a subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline, which resulted in the development of severe pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary vascular lesions in 3 weeks associated with subsequent high mortality rate. " 12/01/1994 - "2. Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) secondary to pulmonary hypertension was induced by a subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline. "