Caliciviridae Infections

Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans.

Also Known As:

Infections, Caliciviridae; Infections, Calicivirus; Norovirus Infections; Caliciviridae Infection; Calicivirus Infection; Infection, Caliciviridae; Infection, Calicivirus; Infection, Norovirus; Infections, Norovirus; Norovirus Infection; Calicivirus Infections

Networked: 303 relevant articles (17 outcomes, 40 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Infections: 526564
- Virus Diseases: 41777
  - RNA Virus Infections: 303
    - Caliciviridae Infections: 303
      - Vesicular Exanthema of Swine: 3

Related Diseases

1.	Virus Diseases (Viral Diseases)
2.	Asymptomatic Infections
3.	Infections
4.	Gastroenteritis
5.	Hepatitis B

Experts

1.	Chang, Kyeong-Ok: 15 articles (10/2020 - 02/2011)
2.	Kim, Yunjeong: 13 articles (10/2020 - 02/2011)
3.	Estes, Mary K: 12 articles (11/2022 - 06/2005)
4.	Wobus, Christiane E: 12 articles (01/2022 - 01/2012)
5.	Groutas, William C: 10 articles (10/2020 - 01/2012)
6.	Svensson, Lennart: 9 articles (01/2020 - 12/2005)
7.	Goodfellow, Ian: 8 articles (01/2022 - 10/2014)
8.	Atmar, Robert L: 8 articles (10/2021 - 11/2007)
9.	Larson, Göran: 7 articles (10/2021 - 12/2005)
10.	Neyts, Johan: 7 articles (08/2021 - 08/2010)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Caliciviridae Infections:

1.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)IBA 12/01/2020 - "Antiviral efficacy of orally delivered neoagarohexaose, a nonconventional TLR4 agonist, against norovirus infection in mice." 01/01/2022 - "Cells derived from HIE have also successfully been subjected to genetic manipulation using viral vectors as well as CRISPR/Cas9 technology, thereby allowing studies to identify antiviral signaling pathways important in controlling norovirus infection. " 08/24/2021 - "Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on Novel Antiviral Agents for Norovirus Infections." 01/01/2021 - "Our data suggested that HIE could mimic the innate immune response elicited in natural norovirus infection and, therefore, could serve as an experimental model for future virus-host interaction and antiviral studies." 01/01/2017 - "As there is currently no established treatment for chronic norovirus infection in transplant patients, management has been directed at symptom control, trial of various antivirals, and ultimately reductions in immunosuppression. "
2.	VaccinesIBA 11/10/2022 - "To date, no safe and effective vaccines or therapeutic agents have been approved for treating norovirus infections. " 08/01/2017 - "Immune correlates of protection against norovirus infection need to be further developed to facilitate additional studies of the tolerability and efficacy of candidate norovirus vaccines in humans." 01/01/2021 - "Therefore, this study reveals the mechanism of antigen presentation involving GII.P16-GII.2 recombinant norovirus VLPs, providing a theoretical basis for both understanding responses to norovirus infection as well as opportunities for vaccine development." 11/01/2020 - "Most information on mucosal and systemic immune response to norovirus infection is derived from human challenge studies, birth cohort studies, or vaccine trials in healthy adults. " 01/01/2018 - "The results of the study of the distribution of calicivirus infection in a population of domestic cats of different breeds, contained individually or the group method, the virus isolation in the cell culture and a comparative phylogenetic analysis of their nucleotide sequences with published sequences of reference feld and vaccine strains of Feline calicivirus (FCV) from other countries: USA, Germany, Japan, China and Korea are presented. "
3.	LactoferrinIBA 05/17/2013 - "The protective effects of lactoferrin against murine norovirus infection through inhibition of both viral attachment and replication." 01/01/2021 - "Our study, using a B cell culture model, demonstrates that lactoferrin reduces human norovirus infection. " 05/17/2013 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bovine lactoferrin against norovirus infection using mouse norovirus (MNV) and Raw264.7 cell in vitro. " 01/01/2021 - "Pharmaceutical and/or food supplementary formulas of lactoferrin could be particularly effective in controlling the gastrointestinal COVID-19-associated symptoms and could limit the fecal-oral viral infection transmission, through mechanisms that mimic that of norovirus infection control by lactoferrin via induction of intestinal innate immunity. " 01/01/2021 - "Therefore, future studies are warranted to test the antiviral efficacy of lactoferrin against human norovirus infection in patients."
4.	Blood Group Antigens (Blood Groups)IBA 06/01/2014 - "The FUT2 status of the receptor seems to be a strong predictor of this effect, but more studies to ascertain the participation of histo-blood group antigens in the protection against norovirus infections elicited by breast milk are required." 11/01/2017 - "Study of the association between histo-blood group antigens and norovirus infection in Chinese children." 01/01/2023 - "These viruses usually interact with histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), which are considered essential cofactors for norovirus infection. " 01/01/2022 - "Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are thought to play a major role among the host cellular factors influencing norovirus infection. " 01/01/2020 - "Host susceptibility according to human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) is widely known for norovirus infection, but is less described for rotavirus. "
5.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 03/01/2020 - "The aim of our study was to quantitate norovirus-specific IgG in immunocompromised patients before and after laboratory-confirmed norovirus infection. " 12/01/2014 - "High preexisting norovirus genotype-specific serum IgG titers and blocking activity in children indicate protection from norovirus infection in a strain-specific manner." 01/01/2019 - "Previous work demonstrated the effectiveness of a salivary antibody multiplex immunoassay in detecting the prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to multiple waterborne pathogens and helped identify asymptomatic norovirus infections in visitors to Boquerón Beach, Puerto Rico. " 01/01/2018 - "In this study, saliva samples were collected from subjects at a beach in Puerto Rico and tested for evidence of norovirus-specific IgG responses as an indicator of incident norovirus infection. "
6.	Vitamin A (Retinol)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2016 - "This study aimed to investigate how vitamin A administration affects the gut microbiome after norovirus infection. " 01/01/2016 - "The effect and underlying mechanism of vitamin A on norovirus infection are largely unknown. " 10/01/2007 - "Vitamin A supplementation has divergent effects on norovirus infections and clinical symptoms among Mexican children." 11/02/2017 - "There is no effective treatment of norovirus infection, though vitamin A has been suggested to have an antiviral effect in an epidemiological study. " 05/01/2023 - "Chemokine CCL6 Plays Key Role in the Inhibitory Effect of Vitamin A on Norovirus Infection."
7.	Ribavirin (Virazole)FDA LinkGeneric 11/02/2012 - "When combined with the broad-spectrum RNA virus inhibitor ribavirin, a marked antagonistic activity was observed indicating that these molecules should not be combined for the treatment of norovirus infections. " 10/01/2022 - "We report a case of a 48-year-old female patient diagnosed with CVID enteropathy possibly related to norovirus infection who failed a ribavirin-based therapy despite dosage optimization through drug plasma level monitoring." 10/01/2022 - "Ribavirin-resistant chronic norovirus infection-associated enteropathy in common variable immunodeficiency. " 01/01/2022 - "Studies suggest that chronic norovirus infection may be a contributor to CVID enteropathy, and that the antiviral drug ribavirin can be effective against norovirus. " 11/01/2017 - "Our results suggest that MPA shall be preferentially considered immunosuppressive medication for transplantation patients at risk of norovirus infection, whereas ribavirin represents as a potential antiviral for both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with norovirus gastroenteritis."
8.	AntibodiesIBA 12/01/2017 - "Use of rabbit antibodies raised against Norovirus GII.4 virus-like particles for diagnosis of Norovirus infection." 01/01/2017 - "Norovirus infection was self-limited and resolved within 24 hours, with the subsequent development of anti-norovirus antibodies. " 04/01/2015 - "Norovirus infections and seroprevalence of genotype GII.4-specific antibodies in a Spanish population." 06/12/2009 - "The distribution of bovine norovirus infections was investigated by both RT-PCR to detect norovirus genomes and a virus-like particles-based ELISA to detect genotype 2 bovine norovirus antibodies. " 02/15/2008 - "We conclude that calicivirus infection of young rabbits induces specific anti-calicivirus antibodies that will protect them from RHD when they reach adulthood."
9.	EpitopesIBA 07/23/2021 - "Prolonged norovirus infections correlate to quasispecies evolution resulting in structural changes of surface-exposed epitopes." 11/01/2015 - "Mutations in the P2 domain were in epitopes A and D or near epitopes A, C, and E, suggesting that the long-term carrier state of norovirus infection contributes to the generation of escape mutants by host immunoselection." 07/01/2014 - "Our data suggest that in some individuals the evolution that occurs during a chronic norovirus infection overlaps with changing antigenic epitopes that are associated with successive outbreak strains and may select for isolates that are potentially able to escape herd immunity from earlier isolates. " 06/01/2005 - "Identification of type-specific and cross-reactive epitopes is essential for designing broadly cross-reactive diagnostic assays and dissecting the immune response to calicivirus infection. " 01/01/2022 - "Development of multi-epitope subunit vaccine for protection against the norovirus' infections based on computational vaccinology."
10.	LigandsIBA 01/01/2019 - "Here, cellular ligand binding and antigenicity of two cocirculating strains isolated from a patient with long-term norovirus infection were characterized. " 01/01/2018 - "Prophylactic efficacy of orally administered Bacillus poly-γ-glutamic acid, a non-LPS TLR4 ligand, against norovirus infection in mice." 10/01/2018 - "Thus, these sites provide a novel target for the design of multivalent fucose ligands as entry inhibitors of norovirus infections. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2023 - "Our study contributes to understanding the nature of PSaV-induced necroptosis and apoptosis and will aid in developing efficient and affordable therapies against PSaV and other calicivirus infections." 05/06/2014 - "Clinical trials are thus clearly warranted to better define risk factors and efficient therapies for norovirus infection in immunocompromised populations." 01/01/2023 - "Reducing norovirus infections is challenging on multiple levels and includes the frequent emergence of antigenic variants, which complicates designing effective, broadly reactive capsid therapeutics. " 01/01/2022 - "However, effective therapeutics which prevent or clear norovirus infection are not yet available due to a lack of understanding regarding norovirus pathogenesis. " 01/01/2019 - "Due to the lack of available therapies to treat norovirus infections and their highly infectious nature, preventing norovirus illness through vaccination is an appealing strategy. "
2.	Long-Term Care 01/01/2020 - "Outbreaks of norovirus infection can have detrimental impacts on long-term care facilities. " 01/01/2016 - "Public health prevention and control strategies provide guidance regarding surveillance and the necessary steps to curb the clinical effect and spread of norovirus infections in various settings, including long-term care." 01/01/2016 - "Norovirus Infections in Long-Term Care Facilities." 10/01/2013 - "Norovirus infections were less common in private homes (OR = 0.08; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.14; P < 0.001) and more common in nursing homes (P < 0.001) and hospitals or long-term care facilities (OR = 14.09; 95% CI, 3.35 to 59.33; P < 0.001). " 08/01/2013 - "We describe an outbreak of simultaneous Clostridium difficile and norovirus infections in a long-term-care facility. "
3.	Transplantation 08/01/2017 - "Severity and outcome of the norovirus infection in children after intestinal transplantation." 12/01/2012 - "Two patients had norovirus infection before HSCT that persisted after transplantation. " 11/01/2017 - "Our results suggest that MPA shall be preferentially considered immunosuppressive medication for transplantation patients at risk of norovirus infection, whereas ribavirin represents as a potential antiviral for both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with norovirus gastroenteritis."
4.	Home Nursing (Nursing, Home) 01/29/2009 - "Outbreak of norovirus infection in a nursing home for the elderly in Malta, November-December 2008." 10/11/2007 - "Outbreak of norovirus infection in a nursing home in northern Slovenia, July 2007." 12/01/2005 - "An outbreak of Norovirus infection affecting an Austrian nursing home and a hospital."
5.	Hand Hygiene 11/02/2021 - "Using a quantitative microbial risk model, we evaluated the individual and combined effect of farm-based hand hygiene and worker furlough practices on the maximum risk of norovirus infection from three produce commodities (open leaf lettuce, vine tomatoes, and raspberries). " 01/01/2018 - "Prevention of norovirus infection relies on frequent hand hygiene, limiting contact with people who are infected with the virus, and disinfection of contaminated environmental surfaces. "