Myocardial Ischemia (Ischemic Heart Diseases)

A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).

Also Known As:

Networked: 16513 relevant articles (970 outcomes, 2147 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Reperfusion Injury
2.	Ischemia
3.	Heart Failure
4.	Myocardial Infarction
5.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Experts

1.	Sellke, Frank W: 56 articles (01/2016 - 02/2002)
2.	Nordestgaard, Børge G: 40 articles (06/2015 - 11/2002)
3.	Gao, Erhe: 31 articles (07/2015 - 03/2002)
4.	Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne: 29 articles (02/2015 - 11/2002)
5.	Feng, Jun: 28 articles (01/2016 - 10/2004)
6.	Jiang, Hong: 25 articles (11/2015 - 03/2005)
7.	Shimokawa, Hiroaki: 25 articles (10/2015 - 01/2002)
8.	Bax, Jeroen J: 25 articles (04/2015 - 05/2004)
9.	Bianchi, Cesario: 24 articles (02/2015 - 02/2002)
10.	Gao, Feng: 23 articles (10/2015 - 03/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Myocardial Ischemia:

1.	OxygenIBA 01/01/1990 - "Coronary sinus oxygen saturation in syndrome X decreased significantly from 44.2 +/- 5.8% to 33.5 +/- 4.4% (p less than 0.01), and it decreased from 47.0 +/- 4.9% to 31.2 +/- 4.0% (p less than 0.01) in effort angina with induced ischemic evidence, indicating that a significant reduction in coronary sinus oxygen saturation reflects the presence of myocardial ischemia. " 08/01/1995 - "This investigation evaluates the efficacy of a 99mTc-labeled nitroimidazole (BMS-181321) in identifying oxygen-deprived tissue in two canine models of myocardial ischemia. " 05/01/1990 - "Exercise training may result in an improvement in systemic oxygen transport, a reduction in the myocardial oxygen requirement for a given amount of external work, and a decrease in the extent of myocardial ischemia during physical activity. " 01/01/1983 - "Although many mechanisms of action have been proposed, the bulk of available evidence suggests that beta blockade reduces the severity of myocardial ischemia by reducing myocardial oxygen demands. " 06/01/2010 - "Along with these advances, a series of experimental studies have shown that myocardial ischemia depends on the oxygen supply-demand imbalance, highlighting the factors affecting oxygen consumption. "
2.	Nitroglycerin (Dynamite)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1992 - "Nitroglycerin is effective in relieving myocardial ischemia; however, intracoronary nitroglycerin often fails to relieve angina and has been reported to have deleterious effects on subendocardial blood flow. " 03/01/1991 - "Nitroglycerin (GTN) is widely used as a safe and effective dilator in patients with ischemic heart disease, and it is said that it dilates the cerebral vessels. " 06/01/1998 - "This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of an early 201Tl reinjection and imaging protocol in combination with sublingual nitroglycerin, to detect myocardial ischemia and/or viability, and to reduce the need for conventional (4 h) redistribution imaging. " 06/01/1995 - "The administration of nitroglycerin during cardiac PET imaging results in improved resting defects, which suggests transiently abnormal resting perfusion with silent myocardial ischemia." 01/01/1994 - "Efficacy of long-term administration of transdermal nitroglycerin in asymptomatic patients with effort-induced silent myocardial ischemia."
3.	Nifedipine (Adalat)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1991 - "Thus, asymptomatic ischemic episodes more frequently occur than symptomatic episodes and the administration of slow-release nifedipine is highly effective in suppressing not only symptomatic but also asymptomatic myocardial ischemia in patients with variant angina. " 03/25/1988 - "Group II had improvement in 40% of areas, of significantly worsened areas in 6%, and unchanged areas in 54%, in both groups myocardial ischemia was reduced by therapy, but ISDN improved myocardial perfusion to a considerably greater extent than did nifedipine." 01/01/1982 - "In our patients with CAD, improved RMBF appears to be related to a decrease in coronary vascular tone and suggests a physiologic basis for the beneficial effect of nifedipine in ischemic heart disease." 01/01/1988 - "We conclude that both nifedipine and ISMN in slow-release formulations are equally effective in the treatment of myocardial ischemia. " 08/01/1990 - "Protective effects of pretreatment with intracoronary nifedipine on myocardial ischemia and dysfunction."
4.	Diltiazem (Cardizem)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2003 - "The aim of this study was the assessment of the safety and efficacy of incremental doses of diltiazem for the treatment of myocardial ischemia in ERSD patients with CAD to identify the optimal dose of the drug. " 04/01/1993 - "Diltiazem controlled release is more effective than standard diltiazem in preventing myocardial ischemia 12 h after tablet intake. " 08/15/1997 - "dosing of long-acting diltiazem were equally effective in suppressing episodes of ambulatory myocardial ischemia at all times." 09/01/1981 - "Protective effects of diltiazem during myocardial ischemia in isolated cat hearts." 01/01/2008 - "beta-adrenoblockers and diltiazem improved LV diastolic function in patients with episodes of painless myocardial ischemia. "
5.	CalciumIBA 07/01/1996 - "LV diastolic dysfunction may be improved due to the reduction of intracellular calcium concentration and the relief of myocardial ischemia by strong coronary artery dilating effect. " 01/01/1989 - "Several calcium antagonists are useful in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. " 12/01/1987 - "The present study aimed to evaluate the antiarrhythmic efficacy of calcium antagonists in acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. " 10/01/2010 - "Epicardial adipose tissue volume and coronary artery calcium to predict myocardial ischemia on positron emission tomography-computed tomography studies." 05/01/1998 - "Intracellular calcium (Cai2+) and left ventricular (LV) function were determined in the coronary-perfused mouse heart to study Cai2+-related mechanisms of injury from myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. "
6.	Trimetazidine (Vastarel)IBA 09/30/2013 - "Trimetazidine (TMZ) is a metabolic agent of proven efficacy in improving myocardial ischemia and angina. " 02/01/2005 - "To assess whether the metabolic anti-ischemic agent, trimetazidine, is effective in controlling episodes of myocardial ischemia during sexual activity in patients who have CAD and use long-term nitrate therapy, we studied 38 men (57 +/- 6 years of age) who had proved CAD. " 03/01/2004 - "Adjunctive therapy with metabolic agents, such as trimetazidine, to standard care of elderly patients with ischemic heart disease may be particularly useful in the treatment of angina. " 01/01/2011 - "It is necessary to emphasize that analysis of results of the PRIMA study has revealed similar efficacy of trimetazidine MR in men and women what allows to recommend this metabolic myocardial cytoprotector to patients with ischemic heart disease irrespective of gender." 01/01/2003 - "[Clinical efficacy of myocardial cytoprotector trimetazidine in peri- and postmenopausal women with ischemic heart disease]."
7.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 04/15/2013 - "Clinical trials of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene therapy have proven that VEGF has beneficial effects on the ischemic heart disease; however, the lack of a delivery system targeted to the injured myocardium reduces the local therapeutic efficacy of VEGF and increases its possible adverse effects. " 04/07/2009 - "Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important active protein for the induction of angiogenesis and improvement in cardiac function after myocardial ischemia; however, the lack of a delivery system targeted to the injured myocardium reduces the local therapeutic efficacy of VEGF and increases its possible adverse effects. " 11/01/1998 - "Single intracoronary delivery (intravascular bolus or local delivery) of VEGF is effective in stimulating physiologically significant angiogenesis in porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia." 02/01/2001 - "We sought to optimize vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for therapeutic angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia, we explored the efficacy of five different regimens. " 11/01/2011 - "XSC can promote several features of angiogenesis in endothelial cells through up-regulating the expression of bFGF and VEGF, suggesting that XSC may be a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases."
8.	Dipyridamole (Persantine)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1991 - "Thus, evaluation of early washout ratios (WR-25) after dipyridamole injection is a valuable method to increase sensitivity in assessing regional myocardial perfusion abnormality and is helpful in detection of ischemic heart disease, even with multivessel disease." 08/01/2001 - "Dipyridamole nuclear myocardial perfusion test is a safe and effective alternative to exercise nuclear perfusion testing for detecting myocardial ischemia. " 05/01/2010 - "One randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of ER dipyridamole in patients with preexisting ischemic heart disease and found no evidence of increased risk of cardiac events in this population. " 01/01/1996 - "In response to dipyridamole introduction improved myocardial perfusion was registered in 4 out of 6 patients, 1 patient showed signs of transient myocardial ischemia, 1 patient had stable defects of myocardial blood supply. " 07/01/2002 - "Study aim was the prospective assessment of the impact of dipyridamole-induced myocardial ischemia on the signal-averaged ECG. "
9.	Verapamil (Calan)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1993 - "Verapamil is also effective in relieving myocardial ischemia. " 12/01/1981 - "These data demonstrate the efficacy of oral verapamil in reducing episodes of myocardial ischemia in the majority of all patients with rest angina." 04/01/1992 - "This study investigated the cardiac responses and pharmacokinetics following the acute and chronic administration of verapamil in 14 middle-aged and elderly patients with ischemic heart disease (age range 42-76 years). " 02/01/1992 - "The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of verapamil on the training response in patients with ischemic heart disease. " 01/01/1989 - "Our studies suggest that verapamil may be useful in combination with more conventional drugs in the treatment of asthmatic patients, particularly those with ischemic heart diseases or hypertonia."
10.	CholesterolIBA 02/23/1995 - "The improvement in endothelium-dependent vasomotion with cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant therapy may have important implications for the activity of myocardial ischemia and may explain in part the reduced incidence of adverse coronary events that is known to result from cholesterol-lowering therapy." 01/01/2001 - "In Collaborative 1--Improving the Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease--the participating entities showed significant improvement in cholesterol screening and treatment. " 02/01/1984 - "When major risk factors (smoking, blood pressures, and serum cholesterol) were included in a predictive model, addition of electrocardiographic changes significantly improved prediction of ischemic heart disease. " 01/01/2010 - "Elevated serum cholesterol is a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease, one of the common cardiovascular morbidity in older adults, statins have been shown to be effective in reducing serum cholesterol and improving outcomes. " 04/01/1987 - "We developed a model that assumes cholesterol reduction is effective and safe in reducing the risk for death from ischemic heart disease. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Coronary Artery Bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery) 03/01/2002 - "A major effect of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with ischemic heart disease and impaired left ventricular (LV) contractile function is believed to be an improvement in LV function due to recovery of dysfunctional, but viable myocardium. " 08/01/1996 - "The sequential coronary artery bypass grafting with the left internal thoracic artery was effective for infantile ischemic heart disease." 03/01/1999 - "Although myocardial ischemia can be improved by coronary artery bypass grafting, HRV did not benefit from coronary artery bypass grafting within 6 months." 04/01/2012 - "The present study was conducted to evaluate the patients scheduled for Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for the presence of major modifiable risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD). " 01/01/2010 - "Aim of this study was to assess clinical and pharmacoeconomic effects of long term use of adrenoblockers in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. "
2.	Angioplasty (Angioplasty, Transluminal) 07/01/1993 - "This study was designed to determine the efficacy of synchronized coronary sinus retroperfusion of arterial blood in reducing myocardial ischemia associated with the performance of high risk coronary angioplasty. " 01/01/2013 - "Coronary angiography is the current gold standard for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease and therefore the prevalence of percutaneous coronary procedures such as angiography and angioplasty is high. " 09/01/1994 - "There were significant differences in three variables of LPs between the time of admission and at 6 months after MI in Group 1 but not in Group 2. Higher incidence of LPs and greater frequency of successful emergency PTCA were found in Group 1 compared with Group 2. These results suggest that because myocardial ischemia is reversed by successful angioplasty, ventricular wall motion is improved and the arrhythmogenic substrate that generates LPs is stabilized electrically. " 07/01/1994 - "Appropriately timed stress myocardial perfusion imaging 2 to 4 weeks after procedurally successful coronary angioplasty can document improved cardiac functional capacity and reduced ECG and imaging evidence of myocardial ischemia. " 11/01/1992 - "Acute myocardial ischemia resulting in dynamic obstruction to the left ventricular outflow relieved by successful angioplasty."
3.	Transplants (Transplant) 04/01/2014 - "This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of intramyocardial bone marrow cell (BMC) transplant therapy for ischemic heart disease (IHD). " 05/01/2013 - "In this study, simple echocardiography showed an ability similar to stress test to predict ischemic heart disease in asymptomatic renal transplant candidates with good functional capacity, relatively younger age, lower prevalence of diabetes, and shorter duration of dialysis." 07/01/2004 - "The Framingham Heart Study model did not predict absolute ischemic heart disease risk in the transplant population as a whole. " 04/01/2015 - "Thus, the ultrasound transducer has the potential to improve the monitoring of myocardial ischemia and to detect graft failure during and after heart surgery." 12/15/2012 - "Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD) among organ transplant recipients. "
4.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 04/28/2005 - "In this pilot trial intracoronary transplantation of autologous, mononuclear BMC did not lead to any significant improvement in myocardial function and physical performance of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease." 05/01/2005 - "[Sustained improvement in symptoms and exercise capacity up to six months after autologous transendocardial transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells in patients with severe ischemic heart disease]." 10/01/2015 - "These results may aid in improving the therapeutic efficacy of MSC transplantation used to treat chronic ischemic heart disease." 08/01/2015 - "Delayed enrichment for c-kit and inducing cardiac differentiation attenuated protective effects of BMSCs' transplantation in pig model of acute myocardial ischemia." 01/01/2012 - "We investigated the safety and efficacy of allogeneic amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (AMSC) transplantation in a porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia as a preclinical trial. "
5.	Tissue Therapy (Cell Therapy) 07/04/2008 - "We concluded that, in this early experience, the combined strategy of TMLR plus cell therapy appeared to be safe, and may have synergistically acted to reduce myocardial ischemia, with clinically relevant improvement in functional capacity." 01/01/2008 - "In this initial experience, the combined strategy of TMLR plus cell therapy appeared to be safe, and may have synergistically acted to reduce myocardial ischemia, with clinically relevant improvement in functional capacity. " 01/01/2007 - "Cell therapy has been proposed as a novel treatment strategy for patients with ischemic heart disease. " 10/01/2013 - "In the present review, we summarized the current status and challenges of cardiac cell therapy for ischemic heart disease and discussed the strengths and limitations of currently available in vivo imaging techniques with special focus on the newly developed multimodality approaches for assessing the efficacy of engrafted donor cells. " 08/01/2010 - "Cell therapy for chronic ischemic heart disease with bone marrow angiogenic progenitors has shown similar safety and trends toward improvement in function. "