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Nonoxynol (Nonoxynol 9)

Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Nonoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide, formulated primarily as a component of vaginal foams and creams.

Also Known As:

Nonoxynol 9; Nonoxynols; Advantage-S; Delfen Cream; Emulgen 911; Emulgin 913; Mertz Brand of Nonoxinol; Nonoxinol; Nonoxinols; Nonoxynol, 1(4)-Sulfate, Sodium Salt; Nonoxynol, 4-Sulfate, Ammonium Salt; Nonoxynol-9; Nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol; Patentex Oval; Advantage S; Delfen Creams; Nonoxinol Mertz Brand; Oval, Patentex; Nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanols; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(4-nonylphenyl)-omega-hydroxy-

Networked: 142 relevant articles (20 outcomes, 39 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Cheshenko, Natalia: 3 articles (01/2011 - 01/2009)
2.	Mesquita, Pedro M M: 3 articles (01/2011 - 01/2009)
3.	Fakioglu, Esra: 3 articles (01/2011 - 01/2009)
4.	Wilson, Sarah S: 3 articles (01/2011 - 01/2009)
5.	Herold, Betsy C: 3 articles (01/2011 - 01/2009)
6.	Ramjee, Gita: 3 articles (11/2006 - 09/2002)
7.	Doncel, Gustavo F: 2 articles (06/2011 - 01/2011)
8.	Keller, Marla J: 2 articles (08/2009 - 01/2009)
9.	Van Damme, Lut: 2 articles (06/2009 - 09/2002)
10.	Mehendale, S: 2 articles (10/2008 - 04/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Infection 05/01/2004 - "Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) as a topical microbicide concluded that N-9 offers no in vivo protection against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, despite demonstrated in vitro inactivation of HIV-1 by N-9. " 04/01/2003 - "Nonoxynol-9 containing compounds have shown anti-HIV activity in in vitro studies and protection against cervical infections. " 11/01/2002 - "2. Nonoxynol-9 offers no protection against sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhoea or chlamydia. " 06/19/2009 - "Trials of nonoxynol-9 were excluded, as were trials without a control group, trials that enrolled only male participants or reported on the investigation of a product for the treatment of a genital infection. " 10/01/2002 - "Nonoxynol-9 spermicide for prevention of vaginally acquired HIV and other sexually transmitted infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials including more than 5000 women."
2.	Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Sexually Transmitted Disease) 11/18/1988 - " Nonoxynol-9, the most common spermicide used in the US, is a chemical surfactant that destroys the cell walls of sperm and offers some protection against sexually transmitted diseases. " 08/20/1999 - "Although no statistically significant differences in adverse outcomes were detected, clinically there appeared to be an increase in minor lesions and self-reported side-effects with nonoxynol-9 and less protection against sexually transmitted diseases with the placebo. " 12/01/1990 - " Spermicides, such as nonoxynol 9, are effective against STDs. " 12/01/2011 - "Several studies have shown that users of vaginal preparations containing nonoxynol-9 (N-9) are at a high risk for sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. " 08/20/1998 - "The potential of nonoxynol-9 to reduce women's susceptibility to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) was investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted among 1170 HIV-negative sex workers in Cameroon. "
3.	HIV Infections (HIV Infection) 07/22/1992 - "We were unable to demonstrate that nonoxynol 9 sponge use was effective in reducing the risk of HIV infection among highly exposed women." 11/01/2000 - "At the end of the trial, the Advantage-S group was found to have a higher incidence of new HIV infections than the control group, who were using a vaginal lubricant. " 04/01/2003 - "Nonoxynol-9 ineffective in preventing HIV infection." 09/01/2002 - "Nonoxynol-9 ineffective in preventing HIV infection." 01/01/2002 - "There is no evidence that nonoxynol-9 protects against vaginal acquisition of HIV infection by women from men. "
4.	Gonorrhea 08/01/2005 - "To understand why clinical trials failed to demonstrate efficacy of nonoxynol-9 in preventing gonorrhea. " 06/01/1994 - "The use of nonoxynol-9 for protection against cervical gonorrhea." 10/01/1998 - "The first "real-life" controlled trial of the spermicide Nonoxynol 9 (N-9) has indicated that N-9 may be ineffective in reducing rates of HIV, gonorrhea, or chlamydia. " 07/01/2001 - "There was a significantly higher incidence of gonorrhea in the nonoxynol-9 group than in the placebo group. " 08/20/1998 - " The rates of gonorrhea were 33.3 and 31.1 cases per 100 woman-years in the nonoxynol-9 and placebo groups, respectively (RR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.4), while those of chlamydia were 20.6 and 22.2 cases per 100 woman-years, respectively (RR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.7-1.3). "
5.	Herpes Genitalis (Genital Herpes) 01/01/2009 - "Previous studies have demonstrated an increased susceptibility to genital herpes in mice following repeated applications of nonoxynol-9 (N-9). " 10/01/1993 - "Nonoxynol-9 protects mice against vaginal transmission of genital herpes infections." 03/01/1979 - "A prospective study of 37 men and 32 women with culture-proved genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection was undertaken to characterize the clinical manifestations of the disease and effects of topical therapy with Nonoxynol 9, a nonionic surfactant active in vitro against HSV. " 01/01/1990 - "We conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial on 98 subjects to assess the efficacy of two strengths of topical human leukocyte alpha-interferon, 10(4) and 10(6) IU/g in a 1% nonoxynol-9 base, in the treatment of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus (HSV). " 04/01/1990 - "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, patient-initiated study of topical high- and low-dose interferon-alpha with nonoxynol-9 in the treatment of recurrent genital herpes."

Related Drugs and Biologics

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2.	Interferon-alpha (Interferon Alfa)
3.	Detergents (Detergent)
4.	Silicones
5.	Gramicidin (Gramicidin A)
6.	Lubricants
7.	Polymers
8.	Polyethylene Glycols (Polyethylene Glycol)
9.	polypropylene glycol (poly(propylene oxide))
10.	Nonoxynol (Nonoxynol 9)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Condoms (Condom)
2.	Contraception (Birth Control)
3.	Female Contraceptive Devices (Vaginal Ring)
4.	Female Condoms (Female Condom)
5.	Pessaries