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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

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The artificial substitution of heart and lung action as indicated for HEART ARREST resulting from electric shock, DROWNING, respiratory arrest, or other causes. The two major components of cardiopulmonary resuscitation are artificial ventilation (RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL) and closed-chest CARDIAC MASSAGE.

Also Known As:

CPR; Code Blue; Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation; Life Support, Basic Cardiac; Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation; Mouth to Mouth Resuscitation; Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitations; Resuscitation, Cardio-Pulmonary; Resuscitation, Cardiopulmonary; Resuscitation, Mouth-to-Mouth; Resuscitations, Mouth-to-Mouth; Basic Cardiac Life Support; Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation

Networked: 5600 relevant articles (325 outcomes, 689 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Therapy Context: Research Results

Therapeutics: 15318
- Emergency Treatment: 2087
  - Resuscitation: 15897
    - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: 5600
      - Advanced Cardiac Life Support: 244

Experts

1.	Berg, Robert A: 72 articles (12/2015 - 02/2002)
2.	Tang, Wanchun: 65 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
3.	Weil, Max Harry: 47 articles (01/2013 - 01/2002)
4.	Nadkarni, Vinay M: 46 articles (12/2015 - 09/2004)
5.	Sun, Shijie: 45 articles (05/2015 - 07/2002)
6.	Aufderheide, Tom P: 40 articles (12/2015 - 04/2004)
7.	Yannopoulos, Demetris: 40 articles (09/2015 - 06/2003)
8.	Wenzel, V: 37 articles (11/2015 - 01/2000)
9.	Herlitz, Johan: 36 articles (10/2015 - 04/2002)
10.	Wenzel, Volker: 36 articles (09/2012 - 04/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Heart Arrest (Cardiac Arrest) 06/01/2005 - "Most studies found that thrombolytic therapy during CPR improves the chance for a restoration of spontaneous circulation in patients suffering from cardiac arrest and may even result in a better outcome. " 10/01/2012 - "Important attitudes were as follows: 1) CPR instructions may help the patient and are likely to be beneficial for the caller; 2) abnormal breathing is an early sign of cardiac arrest; and 3) dispatch-assisted CPR instructions can improve survival. " 01/01/2012 - "During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, no specific drug therapy has been shown to improve survival to hospital discharge after cardiac arrest, and only few drugs have a proven benefit for short-term survival. " 04/01/2011 - "This article focuses on important advances in the science of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the last decade that have led to a significant improvement in understanding the complex physiology of cardiac arrest and critical interventions for the initial management of cardiac arrest and postresuscitation treatment. " 04/01/2006 - "During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, no specific drug therapy has been shown to improve survival to hospital discharge after cardiac arrest, and only few drugs have a proven benefit for short-term survival. "
2.	Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest 01/01/2009 - "Training all persons across an entire community in CPR may have a logarithmic improvement in survival rates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest because bystanders, usually family members, are more likely to know CPR and can perform it immediately, when it is physiologically most effective. " 12/18/2007 - "Bystander-initiated cardiac-only resuscitation and conventional CPR are similarly effective for most adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. " 09/01/2006 - "Witnessed collapse and bystander CPR are the variables most frequently associated with good outcome from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA). " 02/01/2013 - "The improved survival associated with bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and public access-automated external defibrillators are clinically important and are of major public health importance for school-aged out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients." 11/06/2010 - "In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, dispatcher-assisted chest-compression-only bystander CPR might be superior to standard bystander CPR (chest compression plus rescue ventilation), but trial findings have not shown significantly improved outcomes. "
3.	Ventricular Fibrillation 10/01/1994 - "Studies in dogs and pigs in ventricular fibrillation have demonstrated a significant improvement in systolic blood pressure, coronary perfusion pressure and total brain and myocardial blood flow with ACD CPR compared with standard CPR. " 07/01/2015 - "Patients with refractory ventricular fibrillation receiving E-CPR had a trend toward higher survival rates and significantly improved neurological outcomes than those receiving C-CPR." 04/01/1991 - "Survival was significantly greater with bystander-witnessed arrest, bystander-initiated CPR, paramedic-witnessed arrest, initial rhythm of ventricular fibrillation, and shorter treatment intervals. " 07/06/2004 - "Recent studies have shown that, after prolonged ventricular fibrillation, the rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival are improved if defibrillation is delayed so that CPR can be given first. " 11/01/2012 - "Passive leg raising during cardiopulmonary resuscitation results in improved neurological outcome in a swine model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation."
4.	Hypothermia 06/01/2013 - "in schools) and simplified CPR techniques; (iii) better identification of high-incidence sites and better recruitment of AEDs (via mobile phone solutions?); (iv) improved understanding of the use of therapeutic hypothermia; (v) determining which patients should undergo immediate coronary angiography on hospital admission; and (vi) clarifying the importance of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during CPR." 01/01/2015 - "Hypothermia treatment after CPR provides better outcome than normothermia treatment in SCA rabbits. " 01/03/2012 - "In a rat model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a shorter duration of mild hypothermia induced rapidly and early after restoration of spontaneous circulation improved postresuscitation microcirculation, myocardial and cerebral functions, and survival as well as, or better than, prolonged duration of hypothermia after resuscitation." 11/01/2008 - "When hypothermia is induced during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mortality is also improved. " 10/01/2015 - "Hypothesis/Problem This study examined prehospital therapeutic hypothermia for OHCA, its association with survival, and its complication profile in a large, metropolitan, fire-based Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system, where bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and post-arrest care are in the process of being optimized. "
5.	Shock 01/01/2014 - "In a multivariate regression model that included study site, age, bystander CPR, shock on admission, comorbid medical conditions, witnessed arrest, and time to return of spontaneous circulation, early CC was independently associated with a significant reduction in the risk of death (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18-0.70, p=0.003). " 01/01/2015 - "In the 60 min shock phase a significant drop in cardiac index was accompanied by reduction in sublingual RBCV and CPR and significant increase in the sublingual mucosal-to-arterial PCO2 gap (PSLCO2 gap), which significantly improved during the 120 min resuscitation phase. " 11/02/2010 - "The high first-shock efficacy of newer biphasic defibrillators led to the recommendation of single shocks plus immediate CPR instead of 3-shock sequences that were recommended prior to 2005 to treat VF. " 04/01/2009 - "Despite the improved median frequency in the preshock cardiopulmonary resuscitation group, 24-hour survival with favorable neurological status was significantly worse in the preshock cardiopulmonary resuscitation group (1/13) compared with the shock-first group (8/13, P=0.01). " 07/01/2011 - "In our study, CPR prior to attempted defibrillation did not present a better outcome compared with shock first as measured by either one-month survival or neurologically favorable one-month survival, after adjusting for potential confounders. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
2.	Vasopressins (Vasopressin)
3.	Oxygen
4.	3- (2- carboxypiperazin- 4- yl)propyl- 1- phosphonic acid (CPP)
5.	Blood Glucose (Blood Sugar)
6.	nimesulide (Aulin)
7.	Lactic Acid
8.	Calcium
9.	Prednisone (Sone)
10.	cefpirome (HR 810)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
2.	Resuscitation
3.	Decompression
4.	Thrombolytic Therapy
5.	Defibrillators (Defibrillator)