Herpetic Keratitis

A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)

Also Known As:

Networked: 798 relevant articles (65 outcomes, 72 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Keratitis
3.	Iritis
4.	Corneal Diseases (Corneal Disease)
5.	Herpes Simplex

Experts

1.	Shimomura, Yoshikazu: 12 articles (03/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Carr, Daniel J J: 9 articles (01/2012 - 09/2002)
3.	Inoue, Tomoyuki: 8 articles (09/2014 - 01/2002)
4.	Hayashi, Kozaburo: 7 articles (04/2008 - 01/2002)
5.	Higaki, Shiro: 6 articles (03/2015 - 10/2003)
6.	Heiligenhaus, A: 5 articles (06/2015 - 03/2003)
7.	Fukuda, Masahiko: 5 articles (03/2015 - 10/2003)
8.	Ohashi, Yuichi: 5 articles (09/2014 - 08/2009)
9.	Remeijer, Lies: 5 articles (11/2013 - 10/2003)
10.	Inoue, Yoshitsugu: 5 articles (04/2013 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Herpetic Keratitis:

1.	Acyclovir (Aciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1997 - "Since the introduction of acyclovir in the last decade, the visual prognosis of herpetic keratitis has improved dramatically. " 09/01/1983 - "Topical acyclovir has been widely demonstrated to be a safe and effective antiviral for ulcerative herpetic keratitis; furthermore its particular advantages of high efficacy, minimal toxicity and good ocular penetration, suggest that it should be the treatment of choice for patients within these other areas of particular difficulty." 10/01/1993 - "3% virolex ointment application in superficial forms of herpetic keratitis is more effective than instillations of 0.1% keracide." 03/01/2008 - "As for antiviral therapy, acyclovir (ACV) eye ointment has been effective for patients with herpetic keratitis. " 12/01/2003 - "Long-term oral acyclovir use seems to remain effective in decreasing the number of ocular herpes simplex virus recurrences beyond 12 months."
2.	InterferonsIBA 01/01/1991 - "Addition of interferon (IFN) to nucleoside analog therapy for herpetic keratitis has been shown to significantly increase the efficacy of therapy compared to nucleoside alone. " 05/01/1995 - "Topical interferon alpha-2a appears to be an effective treatment adjunct for refractory herpes simplex keratitis in patients with cell-mediated immune dysfunction and subsequent lack of endogenous interferon. " 01/01/1982 - "This improvement in herpetic keratitis coincided with a decrease in the virus titer isolated from rabbit eyes and an increase in interferon titer detected in rabbit tears. " 12/01/1980 - "The studies of interferon efficacy in topical application, as in prevention of recurrent herpes simplex keratitis, have shown limited efficacy except with very high doses. " 02/01/1970 - "[Studies on the effect of interferon-inducing PI:C on herpetic keratitis]."
3.	Idoxuridine (Stoxil)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1993 - "The efficacy of XXZ in the treatment of experimental Herpes Simplex Keratitis (HSK) in rabbits is higher than that of idoxuridine. " 02/01/1976 - "It was also effective in the treatment of idoxuridine-resistant herpetic keratitis. " 10/10/1981 - "In a double-blind, randomized trial 52 patients with superficial herpes simplex keratitis were treated with a new antiviral compound, acylclovir (ACV) 3% ointment, or with idoxuridine (IDU) 0.5% ointment. " 04/01/1975 - "In the present studies we treated experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbits with fluorescent light after using topical iododeoxyuridine (IDU) as a photosensitizing agent. " 01/01/2009 - "In 1959, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU) was described, the first antiviral drug ever to be (and still) marketed (for the topical treatment of herpetic keratitis). "
4.	Ganciclovir (Cytovene)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2015 - "Ganciclovir is a newer anti-viral agent with promising results in herpes simplex keratitis. " 07/01/2012 - "Ganciclovir ophthalmic gel 0.15%: safety and efficacy of a new treatment for herpes simplex keratitis." 01/05/2015 - "Clinical efficacy of oral ganciclovir for prophylaxis and treatment of recurrent herpes simplex keratitis." 01/01/2013 - "Effectiveness and safety of 0.15% ganciclovir in situ ophthalmic gel for herpes simplex keratitis - a multicenter, randomized, investigator-masked, parallel group study in Chinese patients." 01/01/2014 - "Ganciclovir ophthalmic gel 0.15% for the treatment of acute herpetic keratitis: background, effectiveness, tolerability, safety, and future applications."
5.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)IBA 01/01/2010 - "Availability of topical antiviral agents that are safe and effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of herpetic keratitis is highly desirable. " 08/01/2002 - "The prognosis of herpetic keratitis has been dramatically improved during the past years because of a better understanding of their physio-pathologic phenomenons, and mostly because of the use of very efficient antiviral drugs. " 08/01/2004 - "Efficacy of antiviral agents in feline herpetic keratitis: results of an in vitro study." 08/01/1995 - "Efficacy of four antiviral agents in the treatment of uncomplicated herpetic keratitis." 01/01/1989 - "Comparative efficacy of three antiviral drugs in mice herpetic keratitis."
6.	Trifluridine (Viroptic)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2004 - "The results of the study indicate trifluridine as an efficient antiviral drug which may be successfully used in the treatment of herpetic keratitis (superficial and stromal)." 01/01/1984 - "[Trifluorothymidine therapy of corticoid-treated herpetic keratitis: experimental study in the rabbit]." 01/01/1983 - "Prolonged topical trifluridine treatment of herpes simplex keratitis in three elderly patients produced slightly raised dysplastic corneal epithelial lesions. " 05/01/1982 - "Thus, trifluridine is an effective alternative to the drugs available for treating herpetic keratitis, and seems especially useful in 'difficult' cases." 05/30/1980 - "Trifluridine (viroptic) for herpetic keratitis."
7.	Ophthalmic Solutions (Eye Drops)IBA 01/01/1990 - "Clinically, among the 78 cases of herpetic keratitis due to HSV1 treated by Pyrrosia lingua and Prunella vulgaris eye drops, a cure was effected in 38 and an improvement in 37, with 3 being of no benefit." 01/01/1993 - "[Efficacy of xiaoxingzhang guttae ophthalmic eye drops in the treatment of experimental herpes simplex keratitis]." 01/01/1981 - "The efficacy of topical BVDU treatment (0.1% eye drops) has been evaluated in 37 patients with different forms of herpes simplex keratitis. " 12/01/2008 - "Herpetic keratitis in a patient who used two different prostaglandin analogue ophthalmic solutions: a case report." 06/01/1989 - "[Minima corticoid eyedrops in inflammatory outbreak of herpetic keratitis]."
8.	valacyclovir (valaciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2015 - "In view of this, and the efficacy of suppressive antiviral treatment in reducing recurrent herpes simplex keratitis, a randomized controlled trial of suppressive valacyclovir to reduce new or worsening anterior segment disease and/or PHN is needed. " 12/01/2006 - "To examine the efficacy of valaciclovir (VACV) oral formulation as an alternative to topical treatments in a case of herpetic keratitis. " 12/01/2006 - "Effect of oral valaciclovir on herpetic keratitis." 08/01/2001 - "Valacyclovir inhibition of recovery of ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 after experimental reactivation by laser in situ keratomileusis." 01/01/2006 - "Comparison of efficacy of oral valacyclovir and topical acyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis: a randomized clinical trial."
9.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 09/01/2003 - "In the present study, 29 HSV-1 strains isolated from human ocular materials of herpetic keratitis were classified into 14 genotypes on the basis of DNA polymorphisms. " 12/01/2015 - "Topical inoculation of nanoparticle-carried DNA vaccine elicits a stronger specific local immune response and more effectively inhibits herpes simplex keratitis as compared to intramuscular inoculation in an HSV-1 ocular challenge mouse model. " 03/01/2015 - "All three corneas with past history of herpetic keratitis had HSV DNA and showed negative homogenate and positive explant. " 02/01/2007 - "Significantly higher copy number of HSV DNA was detected in corneas with a history of herpetic keratitis 85.7% (6/7), with an average of 1.6 x 10(4) copies/mg tissue weight than in corneas without a history of herpetic keratitis 10.8% (4/37), with an average of 8.7 copies/mg tissue weight (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). " 07/01/2004 - "HSV-1 DNA was identified in tear films of 88% (23/25) of suspected herpetic keratitis patients. "
10.	Vidarabine (Vira-A)FDA Link 01/01/1990 - "[Treatment of superficial herpes simplex keratitis with vidarabine (Vira A): multicenter study of 100 cases]." 01/01/1981 - "A retrospective study of 42 cases of superficial herpetic keratitis resistant to IDU, IDU and IDC, and Ara-A demonstrated that in 2 out of 3 cases this resistance appeared in patients previously treated locally with antiviral compounds for anterior ocular lesions. " 08/01/1979 - "[Early results of treatment of herpetic keratitis with Vira-A]." 03/01/1979 - "[Adenine-arabinoside in the treatment of idu-resistant herpes simplex keratitis (author's transl)]." 02/10/1979 - "[Adenine arabinoside in herpes simplex keratitis (author's transl)]."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Penetrating Keratoplasty 03/01/2015 - "Six corneas obtained at penetrating keratoplasty were snap-frozen; three of them were with past history of herpetic keratitis. " 09/01/2014 - "Penetrating keratoplasty was performed in the left eye with a history of herpetic keratitis that resolved with periodic treatment with ACV ointment and a topical steroid. " 12/29/2013 - "[Postoperative therapy after penetrating keratoplasty in herpes simplex keratitis]." 04/01/2011 - "To assess the effect of antiviral treatment on corneal graft survival following penetrating keratoplasty for herpetic keratitis. " 04/01/2011 - "Antiviral treatment following penetrating keratoplasty for herpetic keratitis."
2.	Corneal Transplantation (Keratoplasty) 04/01/2014 - "To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) using precut anterior lamellar cap (ALC) for patients with herpes simplex keratitis. " 12/01/2011 - "Efficacy of postoperative immunosuppression after keratoplasty in herpetic keratitis." 01/01/2009 - "Eleven eyes with herpetic keratitis (11 patients) that underwent therapeutic keratoplasty between September 2002 and September 2008 were included in this study. " 01/01/2015 - "Thirty-seven (80.4%) patients in the keratoplasty group initially were misdiagnosed as having herpes simplex keratitis versus 59 (41.8%) patients who did not require a keratoplasty (P < 0.001). " 04/01/2014 - "Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty using precut anterior lamellar cap for herpes simplex keratitis: a long-term follow-up study."
3.	Homologous Transplantation (Allograft) 04/01/1999 - "Centripetal migration of LC plays a critical role in promoting immunoinflammatory responses in the eye including allograft rejection and herpetic keratitis. " 05/01/1994 - "Multivariate analysis showed that early antiviral use was associated with a decreased risk of herpes simplex keratitis recurrence (relative risk [RR] = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21 to 0.94; P = .007) and allograft rejection (RR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.75; P = .002). " 10/01/1988 - "A 47-year-old man with a history of multiple corneal allografts for recurrent herpes simplex keratitis developed a subtotal nonhealing corneal epithelial defect. " 09/01/1987 - "The ability of stimulated lymphocytes to induce CNV may be important in allograft rejection, herpes simplex keratitis, and other corneal immune reactions. " 09/01/1966 - "[Homograft of the cornea in herpetic keratitis]."
4.	Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) 05/01/2009 - "Reactivated herpetic keratitis following laser in situ keratomileusis." 05/01/2008 - "LASIK stromal versus epithelial herpetic keratitis." 10/01/2007 - "Peripheral herpes simplex keratitis following LASIK." 04/01/2006 - "We report an uncontrolled series of five patients with inactive herpetic keratitis for at least 1 year before surgery in whom LASIK was successfully performed. " 04/01/2006 - "To report the outcome of LASIK in patients with inactive herpetic keratitis in which perioperative antiviral prophylaxis was used to prevent the recurrence of ocular herpes. "
5.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 01/01/2008 - "[Amniotic membrane transplantation in proven ulcerative herpetic keratitis: successful anti-inflammatory treatment in time]." 01/01/2004 - "Transplantation of human amniotic membrane (AMT) accelerates the healing of experimental ulcerative herpetic keratitis. " 01/01/2004 - "[Amniotic membrane transplantation improves experimental herpetic keratitis. " 10/01/2003 - "To report promoted healing of acute ulcerative and necrotising herpetic keratitis after amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT). " 03/01/2003 - "[Amniotic membrane transplantation improves herpetic keratitis by local and not by systemic effects]."