Falciparum Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum Malaria)

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.

Also Known As:

Networked: 3841 relevant articles (585 outcomes, 573 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Malaria
2.	Vivax Malaria
3.	Infection
4.	Body Weight (Weight, Body)
5.	Parasitemia

Experts

1.	White, Nicholas J: 124 articles (12/2015 - 03/2002)
2.	Dondorp, Arjen M: 48 articles (12/2015 - 08/2004)
3.	Looareesuwan, Sornchai: 48 articles (07/2010 - 02/2002)
4.	Looareesuwan, S: 44 articles (09/2010 - 01/2000)
5.	Nosten, François: 43 articles (10/2015 - 11/2002)
6.	Day, Nicholas P J: 41 articles (10/2015 - 08/2004)
7.	Kremsner, Peter G: 36 articles (12/2015 - 01/2003)
8.	White, N J: 33 articles (09/2014 - 01/2000)
9.	Tarning, Joel: 31 articles (10/2015 - 07/2009)
10.	Plowe, Christopher V: 30 articles (12/2015 - 02/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Falciparum Malaria:

1.	Chloroquine (Aralen)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2006 - "High failure rates to both chloroquine and SP preclude the use of these drugs as first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in this region. " 10/01/2005 - "Despite its high resistance level, chloroquine (CQ) is still extensively used as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. " 03/01/2000 - "The efficacy of chloroquine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Africa is heavily compromised by high levels of drug resistance. " 03/01/2000 - "Chloroquine can no longer be recommended as the first-line treatment for falciparum malaria in several parts of Africa, given the increasing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to this drug. " 01/01/2010 - "Therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine and sequence variation in pfcrt gene among patients with falciparum malaria in central India."
2.	artesunateIBA 03/01/1998 - "Oral artesunate is the most effective treatment for uncomplicated hyperparasitaemia in falciparum malaria. " 01/01/1994 - "Artesunate has been shown to be effective against falciparum malaria, but is associated with a high recrudescence rate. " 03/01/2013 - "IV artesunate is now recommended as the first-line treatment for severe falciparum malaria in France." 01/01/2012 - "Intravenous (i.v.) artesunate is now the recommended first-line treatment of severe falciparum malaria in adults and children by WHO guidelines. " 01/01/2012 - "Therapeutic efficacy of artesunate in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and anti-malarial, drug-resistance marker polymorphisms in populations near the China-Myanmar border."
3.	sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar)FDA Link 03/06/2004 - "Sustained clinical efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Malawi after 10 years as first line treatment: five year prospective study." 09/01/2013 - "Therapeutic efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), which is commonly used to treat falciparum malaria, was assessed in isolates of Plasmodium falciparum (Welch, 1897) and Plasmodium vivax (Grassi et Feletti, 1890) ofAligarh, Uttar Pradesh, North India and Taif, Saudi Arabia during 2011-2012. " 08/01/2010 - "The therapeutic efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria is unevenly distributed in Colombia. " 08/01/2005 - "To assess the status of the therapeutic efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria to enable evidence based policy decisions. " 05/01/2005 - "Therapeutic efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for Plasmodium falciparum malaria."
4.	artemisinine (artemisinin)IBA 07/01/2011 - "Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are recommended to be the most effective therapies for the first-line treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. " 01/01/2011 - "Artemisinin-combination therapy is a highly effective treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria but parasite recrudescence has been commonly reported following artemisinin (ART) monotherapy. " 09/01/2010 - "Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are highly effective for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, yet their sustained efficacy is threatened by the potential spread of parasite resistance. " 01/01/2006 - "Artemisinin-containing therapies are highly effective against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. " 12/01/2002 - "Artemisinin-derivative combination therapies (ACT) are highly efficacious against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. "
5.	Mefloquine (Lariam)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1996 - "falciparum malaria in Gabon, while mefloquine proved to be highly effective for this purpose." 01/01/1987 - "The radical cure rate of nearly 98% and high tolerance indicate that mefloquine can be used effectively and safely for the treatment of children aged 5-12 years who are suffering from uncomplicated falciparum malaria." 04/01/1987 - "Based on the elimination of parasitaemia, the plasma mefloquine concentrations are adequate for therapy of uncomplicated falciparum malaria although the relationship between plasma concentrations and therapeutic efficacy of mefloquine requires further study." 10/01/2003 - "[Mefloquine treatment in infants and children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria: an efficient and well tolerated treatment]." 01/01/1994 - "Falciparum malaria in eastern Thailand: a randomized trial of the efficacy of a single dose of mefloquine."
6.	artemetherFDA Link 11/21/1992 - "Artemether is effective against falciparum malaria but associated with a high recrudescence rate. " 07/01/1997 - "These results suggest that artemether is rapidly effective in acute recrudescent Plasmodium falciparum malaria and is without deleterious side effects." 11/01/2015 - "Efficacy of a Novel Sublingual Spray Formulation of Artemether in African Children with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria." 09/01/1999 - "An open study to evaluate the efficacy of artemether in severe falciparum malaria." 01/01/2008 - "[Efficacy of artemether in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children aged 6-60 months of age in Bangui (Central African Republic)]."
7.	Amodiaquine (Camoquin)FDA Link 01/01/2008 - "The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of amodiaquine against falciparum malaria in neighbouring rural and urban areas of north-western Burkina Faso. " 02/01/2003 - "We conducted a randomized, single-blinded trial to compare the efficacy of SP monotherapy with combinations of SP and either CQ or amodiaquine (AQ) for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in patients over 6 months of age in Kampala, Uganda. " 01/01/2008 - "Efficacy of amodiaquine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in young children of rural north-western Burkina Faso." 09/01/2004 - "Short report: lack of prediction of amodiaquine efficacy in treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria by in vitro tests." 11/01/2002 - "Efficacy of amodiaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Harper, Liberia."
8.	lumefantrineFDA Link 03/01/2012 - "This study was conducted to correlate blood concentrations of lumefantrine with treatment outcome for patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria when the drug was given without specific instructions for administration with food. " 09/01/2009 - "The objective of this study was to determine the population pharmacokinetic properties of lumefantrine in pregnant women with uncomplicated multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the northwestern border of Thailand. " 10/01/2015 - "Lumefantrine and Desbutyl-Lumefantrine Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationships in Pregnant Women with Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria on the Thailand-Myanmar Border." 01/01/2014 - "[The management of therapeutic failure in a falciparum malaria patient under oral arthemether-lumefantrine therapy]." 09/01/2013 - "The physicochemical properties of lumefantrine, a first line combination medicine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria have been determined experimentally rather than theoretically as a guide to understanding its disposition in human. "
9.	Quinine (Quinson)FDA Link 02/01/2006 - "Parenteral quinine is the most frequently used first line treatment for severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the developed world. " 02/19/1983 - "Parenteral quinine is the most effective treatment for severe falciparum malaria. " 03/01/2002 - "We have earlier obtained good results in falciparum malaria by treating children with low doses of quinine for 7 days in Guinea-Bissau. " 06/01/1990 - "A safe and effective consecutive-infusion regimen for rapid quinine loading in severe falciparum malaria." 02/20/1971 - "Resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria cured by high quinine dosage."
10.	dihydroquinghaosu (dihydroartemisinin)IBA 07/01/2007 - "Clinical efficacy of high dose monotherapy of oral dihydroartemisinin in uncomplicated falciparum malaria in viet nam." 01/01/2002 - "A combination of dihydroartemisinin and naphthoquine is effective for the treatment of patients with falciparum malaria." 01/01/2002 - "To observe the therapeutic efficacy of dihydroartemisinin combined with naphthoquine phosphate in patients with falciparum malaria. " 08/01/1998 - "We conclude that the three formulations of dihydroartemisinin produced and formulated in different countries were safe and effective in treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria acquired in Thailand." 08/01/1998 - "We compared the safety and efficacy of three formulations of dihydroartemisinin for the treatment of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria in patients who received a total dose of 600 mg dihydroartemisinin over 5 days. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Chemoprevention 05/30/2000 - "The study suggests that complications in imported falciparum malaria may largely be prevented by a high rate of chemoprophylaxis compliance in non-immune travellers and a high awareness of this possibility among physicians evaluating febrile travellers from endemic areas." 01/01/2013 - "falciparum malaria were more likely to have used their chemoprophylaxis less compliantly than patients with non-P. " 01/01/2013 - "falciparum malaria were more likely to have taken their chemoprophylaxis less compliantly than those infected with non-P. " 05/01/2011 - "falciparum malaria were older age, European origin, travel to eastern Africa, absence of chemoprophylaxis, initial visit to a general practitioner, time to diagnosis of 4 to 12 days, and diagnosis during the fall-winter season. " 12/01/2008 - "Well-tolerated chemoprophylaxis uniformly prevented Swedish soldiers from Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Liberia, 2004-2006."
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/01/2011 - "vivax is the most common cause of parasitological failure after treatment for falciparum malaria. " 07/01/2010 - "Samples of plasma, whole blood obtained by venesection and capillary blood were taken simultaneously from patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated with DP between 0 and 9 weeks after treatment. " 01/01/2008 - "falciparum malaria, and all pLDH tests became negative after treatment more quickly than the HRP2. " 05/01/2006 - "Clinical and parasitologic assessments are essential after treatment of asplenic patients for falciparum malaria." 05/01/2006 - "A total of 351 adult patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were randomly allocated to one of the following treatments: AQ+SP, AQ or SP. We followed patients until day 14 after treatment and recorded adverse events (AEs) and clinical and parasitological outcomes. "
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 02/01/1998 - "Clinical trials of chemotherapy for falciparum malaria." 05/01/1948 - "Studies on the chemotherapy of the human malarias; method for the quantitative assay of suppressive antimalarial action in falciparum malaria." 04/01/2010 - "Erythrocytapheresis in combination with antimalarial chemotherapy would be an effective and rapid approach to treat severe falciparum malaria." 01/01/2008 - "Imported falciparum malaria is characterized by a broad spectrum of potentially life-threatening complications that may arise even after initiation of appropriate antimalarial drug therapy. " 04/20/2002 - "Increasing drug resistance limits the choice of efficacious chemotherapy against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa. "
4.	Injections 01/01/1997 - "The purpose for the present study carried out in Dakar, Senegal, was to evaluate the local regimen for acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria using quinine at a dose of 20 mg/kg per day in two daily injections on 3 consecutive days. " 01/01/2002 - "These findings indicate that administration of diluted injectable quinine by IR route is an effective, well-tolerated alternative for treatment of childhood falciparum malaria. " 10/04/1975 - "Letter: Injectable quinine for falciparum malaria." 05/01/1993 - "The efficacy of a 12-mg/kg (of body weight) intramuscular amopyroquin (ApQ) regimen (two successive 6-mg/kg injections at a 24-h interval), previously established from kinetic studies on healthy volunteers and multicenter studies on patients with malaria, was investigated in 152 patients (children and adults) in Gabon with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. " 01/01/2014 - "In sub-Saharan Africa, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and injectable artesunate are the first-line treatments for uncomplicated and severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria, respectively. "
5.	Oral Administration 01/01/1998 - "It is well tolerated and has a high efficacy against uncomplicated and drug resistant falciparum malaria by oral administration. " 04/01/2000 - "Following oral administration to patients with acute falciparum malaria, peak antimalarial activity in plasma and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve were approximately double those during convalescence and the apparent volume of distribution and clearance were approximately half those during convalescence (P < or = 0.005). " 09/01/2015 - "The results for the pharmacokinetic parameters of DAQ following oral administration of FDC AQAS (612/200 mg) for 3 days in female and male patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria showed that the maximum plasma concentrations (C max) (740 ± 197 versus 767 ± 185 ng/ml), areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) (185,080 ± 20,813 versus 184,940 ± 16,370 h · ng/ml), and elimination half-life values (T 1/2) (212 ± 1.14 versus 214 ± 0.84 h) were similar (P > 0.05). " 03/01/1994 - "Pharmacokinetics of artemether after oral administration to healthy Thai males and patients with acute, uncomplicated falciparum malaria." 08/01/1996 - "These data would suggest that the disposition of quinine is significantly altered by acute falciparum malaria; the high plasma quinine concentration following oral administration during acute infection may be related to a lower apparent volume of distribution and a reduced systemic clearance."