Tocainide (Tonocard)

An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.

Also Known As:

Tonocard; Tocainide Hydrochloride; Tocainide Monohdyrochloride, (R)-Isomer; Tocainide Monohydrobromide, (R)-Isomer; Tocainide Monohydrochloride; Tocainide Monohydrochloride, (+-)-Isomer; Tocainide Monohydrochloride, (S)-Isomer; Tocainide, (+-)-Isomer; Tocainide, (R)-Isomer; Tocainide, (S)-Isomer; W-36095; Xylotocan; Hydrochloride, Tocainide; W 36095; W36095; Propanamide, 2-amino-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-

Networked: 159 relevant articles (23 outcomes, 28 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Organic Chemicals: 133
- Amines: 4871
  - Aniline Compounds: 46
    - Anilides: 22
      - Tocainide: 159
        lactoxylidide: 1
        1-benzyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-pyrrolidine carboxamide
        N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-((naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)amino)butanamide
        tocainide carbamoyl O-beta-glucuronide
- Amides: 2428
  - Anilides: 22
    - Tocainide: 159

Experts

1.	Carocci, Alessia: 3 articles (12/2021 - 03/2014)
2.	Corbo, Filomena: 3 articles (12/2021 - 03/2014)
3.	Franchini, Carlo: 3 articles (12/2021 - 03/2014)
4.	Carrieri, Antonio: 2 articles (12/2021 - 03/2014)
5.	Cavalluzzi, Maria Maddalena: 2 articles (12/2021 - 01/2018)
6.	Desaphy, Jean-François: 2 articles (12/2021 - 03/2014)
7.	Lentini, Giovanni: 2 articles (12/2021 - 01/2018)
8.	Muraglia, Marilena: 2 articles (12/2021 - 03/2014)
9.	Catalano, Alessia: 2 articles (01/2018 - 03/2014)
10.	Zakrzewska, Joanna M: 2 articles (01/2011 - 01/2006)

Related Diseases

1.	Myocardial Infarction 12/01/1980 - "In order to evaluate the hemodynamic and antiarrhythmic efficacy of tocainide, studies were performed in patients suffering acute myocardial infarction. " 01/01/1983 - "Non-renal clearance of tocainide was similar to values reported previously in healthy subjects and patients with acute myocardial infarction. " 08/01/1983 - "In several open and controlled therapeutic trials in patients with ventricular arrhythmias, often following a myocardial infarction, tocainide has been relatively effective and usually well tolerated. " 06/01/1983 - "These results suggest that in the dosage used in this study tocainide does not exert an antifibrillatory action in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction." 12/01/1980 - "A prospective randomized trial of tocainide in patients following myocardial infarction."
2.	Pain (Aches) 01/05/2003 - "Tocainide (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced all types of pain behaviour measured. " 01/19/2011 - "In a study involving 12 participants there was an improvement in mean pain scores with tocainide similar to that with carbamazepine, but significant side effects limited its use. " 07/19/2006 - "One study showed that the improvement in mean values of pain scores with tocainide was similar to that of carbamazepine. " 01/01/2006 - "One study showed that the improvement in mean values of pain scores with tocainide was similar to that of carbamazepine. " 01/01/2018 - "Tocainide was also reported to relieve pain such as tic douloureux, trigemina neuralgia in humans and tinnitus. "
3.	Ventricular Tachycardia 07/01/1988 - "A tocainide study revealed induction of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. " 01/01/1988 - "In conclusion, the usefulness of oral tocainide in the management of drug-refractory sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation is limited because of its low effectiveness and frequent side effects." 01/01/1988 - "Eighty-two patients with drug-resistant ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation were treated with oral tocainide. " 01/01/1988 - "Tocainide for drug-resistant sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias." 05/13/1986 - "Thus tocainide may be able to depress conduction to produce bidirectional block in the termination of ventricular tachycardia caused by reentry, while having minimal effect on conduction at normal heart rates."
4.	Tinnitus 04/01/1986 - "A dose finding study was performed for the use of oral tocainide in the treatment of tinnitus. " 04/01/1985 - "Of the 32 patients who completed the trial, 1 had complete relief and 2 had partial relief of their tinnitus whilst taking tocainide. " 04/01/1985 - "A sequential double blind cross-over trial of tocainide hydrochloride in tinnitus." 01/01/1985 - "We assessed the value of tocainide in the treatment of tinnitus by performing a double-blind controlled trial in which each of 48 patients with annoying tinnitus received either tocainide HC1 900 mg/day or a placebo. " 09/01/1984 - "As part of preliminary studies for an investigation to assess the place of some drugs, including tocainide HCl, in the treatment of tinnitus, the present study was performed to establish the appropriate dose for tocainide. "
5.	Neuralgia (Stump Neuralgia) 08/25/2010 - "In both models of neuropathic pain, NeP1 was greatly more potent than tocainide in reverting the reduction of pain threshold in vivo. " 08/25/2010 - "In this study a newly synthesized tocainide congener, named NeP1, was tested in vitro on recombinant hNav1.4 and hNav1.7 channels using patch-clamp technique and, in vivo, in two rat models of persistent neuropathic pain obtained either by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve or by oxaliplatin treatment. " 08/25/2010 - "Effects of a new potent analog of tocainide on hNav1.7 sodium channels and in vivo neuropathic pain models." 01/01/2018 - "Tocainide was also reported to relieve pain such as tic douloureux, trigemina neuralgia in humans and tinnitus. " 10/07/2019 - "Interest reappeared decades later when patient series and clinical trials reported that parenteral lidocaine and its oral analogs tocainide, mexiletine, and flecainide relieved neuropathic pain in some patients. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
2.	Mexiletine (Mexitil)
3.	Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
4.	Flecainide (Tambocor)
5.	Local Anesthetics
6.	Procainamide (Procan)
7.	Phenytoin (Dilantin)
8.	Analgesics (Analgesic Drugs)
9.	Ouabain (G Strophanthin)
10.	Metoprolol (Toprol-XL)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Nerve Block (Nerve Blocks)
3.	Injections
4.	Intravenous Infusions
5.	Intravenous Administration