High Cardiac Output

A state of elevated cardiac output due to conditions of either increased hemodynamic demand or reduced cardiac oxygen output. These conditions may include ANEMIA; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; THYROTOXICOSIS; PREGNANCY; EXERCISE; FEVER; and ANOXIA. In time, compensatory changes of the heart can lead to pathological form of high cardiac output and eventual HEART FAILURE.

Also Known As:

Networked: 129 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 12 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Epistaxis (Nosebleed)
2.	Vascular Malformations
3.	Hemorrhage
4.	Endotoxemia
5.	Iron-Deficiency Anemia (Anemia, Iron Deficiency)

Experts

1.	Dongelyan, Ani: 2 articles (05/2013 - 02/2013)
2.	Argacha, Jean-François: 1 article (12/2015)
3.	De Becker, Benjamin: 1 article (12/2015)
4.	Riga, Jean-Philippe: 1 article (12/2015)
5.	Vachiéry, Jean-Luc: 1 article (12/2015)
6.	Esmaeilzadeh, Fatemeh: 1 article (12/2015)
7.	Faoro, Vitalie: 1 article (12/2015)
8.	van de Borne, Philippe: 1 article (12/2015)
9.	Vicenzi, Marco: 1 article (12/2015)
10.	Wauters, Aurélien: 1 article (12/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to High Cardiac Output:

1.	bevacizumabFDA Link 03/07/2012 - "To test the efficacy of bevacizumab in reducing high cardiac output in severe hepatic forms of HHT and to assess improvement in epistaxis duration and quality of life. " 03/07/2012 - "In this preliminary study of patients with HHT associated with severe hepatic vascular malformations and high cardiac output, administration of bevacizumab was associated with a decrease in cardiac output and reduced duration and number of episodes of epistaxis. " 03/07/2012 - "Bevacizumab in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and severe hepatic vascular malformations and high cardiac output." 09/01/2015 - "Some clinical cases or small series report the efficacy of bevacizumab, in HHT with recurrent epistaxis, refractory iron deficiency anemia, gastrointestinal bleeding and also in liver vascular malformations with high cardiac output failure. "
2.	Dextrans (Dextran)FDA Link 03/01/1993 - "High cardiac output and low systemic vascular resistance reflect a hypercirculatory state, during which left ventricular filling pressure is maintained by carefully monitored volume substitution (6% dextran 60). " 02/01/1993 - "It is concluded that volume replacement with 6% Dextran 60 sufficient to maintain stable left ventricular filling pressure is superior to Ringer's lactate infusion in acute endotoxemia; it effectively restores intravascular volume at constant plasma colloid osmotic pressure and--together with its positive rheological properties--favors high cardiac output and high nutritional blood flow."
3.	Colloids (Colloid)IBA 01/01/2000 - "Volume expansion, with crystalloids or colloids produces a hyperdynamic state with high cardiac output and low peripheral resistances. " 02/01/1993 - "It is concluded that volume replacement with 6% Dextran 60 sufficient to maintain stable left ventricular filling pressure is superior to Ringer's lactate infusion in acute endotoxemia; it effectively restores intravascular volume at constant plasma colloid osmotic pressure and--together with its positive rheological properties--favors high cardiac output and high nutritional blood flow."
4.	Ringer's lactateIBA 02/01/1993 - "It is concluded that volume replacement with 6% Dextran 60 sufficient to maintain stable left ventricular filling pressure is superior to Ringer's lactate infusion in acute endotoxemia; it effectively restores intravascular volume at constant plasma colloid osmotic pressure and--together with its positive rheological properties--favors high cardiac output and high nutritional blood flow."
5.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 01/01/1991 - "The hemodynamic study performed on the 10th hospital day showed a remarkable high cardiac output (CO) of 10.7 l/min and an extremely reduced total peripheral resistance (TPR) of 352 dynes.sec.cm-5. " 01/01/2015 - "Challenge is marked by high cardiac output (CO) and low total peripheral resistance (TPR), while threat is marked by low CO and high TPR (Blascovich and Mendes, 2010). " 07/01/2008 - "Cirrhotic hyperdynamics are symbolized in large blood volume (BV) circulated by high cardiac output (CO); therefore, we standardized CO against BV. " 01/01/2008 - "As expected, P rats presented high cardiac output (CO) and normal blood pressure (BP), whereas H rats presented lower CO and elevated BP. A significant (threefold) increase in total vascular resistance and a decrease in stroke volume were observed in the HP group. " 06/01/2006 - "We evaluated the hydrodynamic performance of kangaroo aortic valve matrices (KMs) (19, 21, and 23 mm), as potential scaffolds in tissue valve engineering using a pulsatile left heart model at low and high cardiac outputs (COs) and heart rates (HRs) of 60 and 90 beats/min. Data were measured in two samples of each type, pooled in two CO levels (2.1 +/- 0.7 and 4.2 +/- 0.6 L/min; mean +/- standard errors on the mean), and analyzed using analysis of variance with CO level, HR, and valve type as fixed factors and compared to similar porcine matrices (PMs). "
6.	SodiumIBA 08/01/1997 - "In contrast, a low intra-arterial blood pressure was determined by a low serum sodium, a low haemoglobin, and a high cardiac output. " 10/01/1980 - "This study was carried out in anaesthetised rats with high cardiac output induced by sodium loading and low cardiac output by sodium restriction. " 04/01/2002 - "They lead to a circulatory dysfunction characterized by arterial vasodilation, arterial hypotension, high cardiac output and hypervolemia and to renal sodium and water retention. " 08/01/2001 - "In cirrhotic patients, volume homeostasis is almost impaired due to abnormal sodium retention, which results in ascites formation and hemodynamic changes, including high cardiac output and low systemic vascular resistance. " 03/01/1995 - "The systemic hemodynamic disturbances in nonazotemic cirrhotics is paralleled by the impairment in sodium homeostasis, suggesting that the decrease in systemic vascular resistance is the primary event leading to hypotension, high cardiac output and the activation of the renin-angiotensin system in these patients."
7.	DobutamineFDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1998 - "The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hemodynamic performance of pulmonary autografts in the aortic position and the homografts used to reconstruct the right ventricular outflow tract during conditions of high cardiac output by means of dobutamine stress echocardiography. " 07/01/1997 - "These data show that high cardiac output is relatively common in infants with RDS dependent on dopamine and dobutamine but is not reflected in the blood pressure." 07/01/2013 - "After infusion of remifentanil (0.5 μg/kg/min) and propofol (6 mg/kg/h after 2 mg/kg bolus infusion) for 60 min (baseline 1), cardiac output was increased by continuous infusion of dobutamine and termination of isoflurane (high cardiac output state). " 06/01/2004 - "Peak waveform velocities were measured during conditions of light anesthesia with isoflurane (baseline; period 1), cardiovascular depression following administration of high-dose isoflurane and esmolol i.v. (period 2), cardiovascular depression with crystalloid volume expansion (period 3), and high cardiac output induced with dobutamine (period 4). " 05/01/2007 - "Despite adequate fluid resuscitation, if: (a) wide pulse pressure, low blood pressure, or bounding pulses (high cardiac output, low systemic vascular resistance--SVR) are present, norepinephrine should be considered; (b) prolonged capillary refill, weak pulses, narrow pulse pressure, normotensive (low cardiac output, high SVR), dopamine, epinephrine or dobutamine should be considered. "
8.	Idiopathic pulmonary hypertensionIBA 04/01/2013 - "Pulmonary arterial hypertension combined with a high cardiac output state: Three remarkable cases." 05/01/2011 - "Case 2 also showed a postcapillary PH and a high cardiac output of 9.7 l/min. In case 3, unmasked after dialysis, a precapillary, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH - group 1) was detected. " 12/01/2013 - "Causes of PH were as follows: thromboembolic events in 4 patients (44.4%) (2 of them had chronic thromboembolic PH), left-sided heart disease in 2 patients (22.2%), pulmonary arterial hypertension in 1 patient (11.1%), high cardiac output state in 1 patient (11.1%), and transient elevation of systolic pulmonary artery pressure in 1 patient (11.1%) who had a history of venous thromboembolism. " 10/01/1999 - "This study evaluated the response to prostacyclin dose reduction in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) who developed high cardiac outputs. " 09/01/2006 - "Possible mechanisms for the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension due to hyperthyroidism include damage to pulmonary vascular endothelium due to high cardiac output or an autoimmune process or increased metabolism of intrinsic pulmonary vasodilators. "
9.	Propofol (Diprivan)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/1994 - "We suggest that propofol may be a more suitable agent than isoflurane for anaesthesia in patients who may already have impaired right ventricular function and in whom maintaining high cardiac output may be beneficial." 09/01/1999 - "We examined the cardiac output dependence of the initial kinetics of propofol in two separate studies using chronically instrumented sheep in which propofol (100 mg) was infused IV over 2 min. In the first study, steady-state periods of low, medium, and high cardiac output were achieved by altering carbon dioxide tension in six halothane-anesthetized sheep. " 07/01/2013 - "After infusion of remifentanil (0.5 μg/kg/min) and propofol (6 mg/kg/h after 2 mg/kg bolus infusion) for 60 min (baseline 1), cardiac output was increased by continuous infusion of dobutamine and termination of isoflurane (high cardiac output state). "
10.	Vasodilator Agents (Vasodilators)IBA 06/01/2000 - "Hemodynamic study revealed precapillary PH with high cardiac output; vasodilators agents led to significant pulmonary responsiveness. " 11/01/1999 - "Possible mechanisms for development of pulmonary hypertension caused by hyperthyroidism include pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction or damage because of autoimmunity or the high cardiac output state, or increased metabolism of intrinsic pulmonary vasodilators." 09/01/2006 - "Possible mechanisms for the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension due to hyperthyroidism include damage to pulmonary vascular endothelium due to high cardiac output or an autoimmune process or increased metabolism of intrinsic pulmonary vasodilators. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Resuscitation 02/01/1992 - "After endotoxin and volume resuscitation, each animal had low systemic vascular resistance with normal to high cardiac output. " 11/01/2013 - "This in vivo study building on previous simulation work demonstrates that the closed-loop fluid management system used in this experiment can perform fluid resuscitation during mild and severe hemorrhages and is able to maintain high cardiac output and stroke volume while reducing hemodynamic variability." 03/01/1977 - "Cerebral cortex edema developed in all the survived dogs which had low cardiac output 24 hours after resuscitation, but it was not observed in animals with high cardiac output." 01/01/2006 - "Use of terlipressin, an analogue of vasopressin, can be considered in septic shock patients with intractable hypotension and high cardiac output in whom fluid resuscitation and high-dose conventional catecholamines have failed. " 05/01/2007 - "Despite adequate fluid resuscitation, if: (a) wide pulse pressure, low blood pressure, or bounding pulses (high cardiac output, low systemic vascular resistance--SVR) are present, norepinephrine should be considered; (b) prolonged capillary refill, weak pulses, narrow pulse pressure, normotensive (low cardiac output, high SVR), dopamine, epinephrine or dobutamine should be considered. "
2.	Prostheses and Implants (Prosthesis) 11/01/1997 - "The study of turbulence flows downstream of cardiac prostheses, in literature, especially concerns large-sized prostheses with a variable flow regime from very low up to 6 L/min. The Food and Drug Administration draft guidance requires the study of the minimum prosthetic size at a high cardiac output to reach the maximum Reynolds number conditions. " 06/01/2005 - "Our findings indicate that small "functional" prosthesis sizes with modern mechanical valves may not adversely affect outcomes of aortic valve replacement in young patients with high cardiac output requirements." 02/01/1996 - "St. Jude Medical and CarboMedics 21 mm prostheses have equally favorable hemodynamic performances in most patients under conditions of high cardiac output."
3.	Homologous Transplantation (Allograft) 05/01/1998 - "The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hemodynamic performance of pulmonary autografts in the aortic position and the homografts used to reconstruct the right ventricular outflow tract during conditions of high cardiac output by means of dobutamine stress echocardiography. "
4.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 01/01/2007 - "Inflow reduction by distalization of anastomosis treats efficiently high-inflow high-cardiac output vascular access for hemodialysis." 01/01/1996 - "Finally, we describe a syndrome of the hypertrophic, high cardiac output hemodialysis heart, which is characterized by a high cardiac output in hemodialysis patients. " 10/01/2012 - "Isolated pleural effusion as a presentation of high cardiac output heart failure in a hemodialysis patient." 12/01/1987 - "A high cardiac output state has been an infrequent but previously reversible cause of heart failure in patients with hemodialysis fistulas. " 04/01/2003 - "High cardiac output related to renal anemia, hypertension, volume overload, and the arteriovenous fistula (in patients on hemodialysis) predispose to eccentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. "
5.	Catheters 12/01/2002 - "High cardiac output by a continuous cardiac output pulmonary artery catheter." 10/01/1993 - "A pulmonary artery catheter inserted three hours after the event showed normal pressures and a high cardiac output. " 01/01/1994 - "Before laparotomy, a pulmonary artery catheter was inserted for haemodynamic monitoring which showed a high cardiac output, low systemic vascular resistances, increased pulmonary artery wedge pressure and a high SvO2 (93%). " 06/01/2003 - "During surgery pulmonary artery catheter measurements confirmed pulmonary hypertension and the presence of very high cardiac output, leading to suspicion of atrial septal defect. "