Foot Ulcer

Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.

Also Known As:

Networked: 671 relevant articles (43 outcomes, 96 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
2.	Diabetes Mellitus
3.	Infection
4.	Foot Ulcer
5.	Osteomyelitis

Experts

1.	Margolis, David J: 9 articles (07/2013 - 06/2003)
2.	Apelqvist, J: 8 articles (12/2015 - 09/2000)
3.	Hunt, Dereck: 8 articles (10/2009 - 06/2002)
4.	Apelqvist, Jan: 7 articles (01/2014 - 04/2002)
5.	Dumville, Jo C: 7 articles (01/2013 - 01/2011)
6.	Hoffstad, Ole: 6 articles (07/2013 - 06/2003)
7.	O'Meara, Susan: 6 articles (01/2013 - 01/2011)
8.	Speak, Katharine: 6 articles (01/2013 - 01/2011)
9.	Deshpande, Sohan: 6 articles (01/2013 - 01/2011)
10.	Larsson, J: 5 articles (12/2015 - 09/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Foot Ulcer:

1.	platelet-derived growth factor BB (becaplermin)FDA Link 11/01/2000 - "Our proposed study is designed to assess local and systemic toxicity, and the feasibility of using the maximum tolerated dose of H5.020CMV.PDGF-b associated with in vivo platelet-derived growth factor-BB gene transduction via an intraulcer injection of H5.020CMV.PDGF-b in patients with a diabetic insensate foot ulcer." 03/01/2008 - "A review of becaplermin gel in the treatment of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers." 01/01/2008 - "Becaplermin gel represents an important therapeutic advance for diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers with adequate blood supply. " 01/01/2008 - "Becaplermin gel in the treatment of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers." 01/01/2009 - "Which is the better option: recombinant human PDGF-BB 0.01% gel or standard wound care, in diabetic neuropathic large plantar ulcers off-loaded by a customized contact cast?"
2.	OxygenIBA 05/01/1989 - "A new treatment for ischemic ulcers: foot bath therapy using high oxygen soluble fluid." 06/01/2015 - "Use of HSI to measure oxygen saturation in the lower limb and its correlation with healing of foot ulcers in diabetes." 07/01/2013 - "Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is a device that is used to treat foot ulcers. " 02/01/2013 - "A meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen in managing foot ulcers. " 03/01/2011 - "Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatments are applied various diseases including diabetic patients with unhealing foot ulcers, however, and also increases the formation of ROS. "
3.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 01/01/2015 - "The purpose of the study was to assess the health-related quality of life and treatment satisfaction of diabetes patients (n = 36) with foot ulcers undergoing insulin and ayurvedic adjunct therapy. " 01/01/2015 - "Integrated approaches for diabetes foot ulcer management with insulin and ayurvedic management have a favorable impact on patient-perceived quality of life. " 01/01/2015 - "Retrospective hospital based cross-sectional design considered patients with diabetes foot ulcers undergoing 4-week treatment with insulin and ayurvedic combinatorial therapy. " 08/01/2014 - "We investigated skin microcirculation and its association with HbA1c and the incidence of ischaemic foot ulcer in patients with type 1 diabetes formerly randomised (1982-1984) to intensified conventional treatment (ICT) or standard treatment (ST) with insulin for a mean of 7.5 years. " 01/01/2008 - "In the final multivariate logistic regression model, significant factors for a foot ulcer history included age > or =75 years (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.8), height (men>175 cm, women>161 cm) (1.9, 95% CI 1.3-2.8), gender (male) (1.5, 95% CI 1.03-2.2), using insulin (1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4), and macrovascular complications (1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.6). "
4.	alginic acid (sodium alginate)IBA 01/01/2013 - "Currently there is no research evidence to suggest that alginate wound dressings are more effective in healing foot ulcers in people with diabetes than other types of dressing however many trials in this field are very small. " 01/01/2012 - "Currently there is no research evidence to suggest that alginate wound dressings are more effective in healing foot ulcers in people with diabetes than other types of dressing however many trials in this field are very small. " 01/01/2013 - "Published or unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that have compared the effects on ulcer healing of alginate dressings with alternative wound dressings or no dressing in the treatment of foot ulcers in people with diabetes. " 01/01/2012 - "Published or unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that have compared the effects on ulcer healing of alginate dressings with alternative wound dressings or no dressing in the treatment of foot ulcers in people with diabetes. " 01/01/2013 - "To compare the effects of alginate wound dressings with no wound dressing or alternative dressings on the healing of foot ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus. "
5.	fiberglass (glass fibers)IBA 07/01/2010 - "To evaluate the efficacy of a removable cast walker compared with that of a nonremovable fiberglass off-bearing cast in the treatment of diabetic plantar foot ulcer. " 10/01/2007 - "Nonwindowed nonremovable fiberglass off-loading cast versus removable pneumatic cast (AircastXP Diabetic Walker) in the treatment of neuropathic noninfected plantar ulcers: a randomized prospective trial." 12/01/2000 - "Effectiveness and safety of a nonremovable fiberglass off-bearing cast versus a therapeutic shoe in the treatment of neuropathic foot ulcers: a randomized study." 07/01/2010 - "Forty-five adult diabetic patients with nonischemic, noninfected neuropathic plantar ulcer were randomly assigned for treatment with a nonremovable fiberglass off-bearing cast (total contact cast [TCC] group) or walker cast (Stabil-D group). " 07/01/2010 - "Effectiveness of removable walker cast versus nonremovable fiberglass off-bearing cast in the healing of diabetic plantar foot ulcer: a randomized controlled trial."
6.	Platelet-Derived Growth FactorIBA 06/01/2006 - "Patients with full-thickness diabetic neurotrophic foot ulcers present for longer than 8 weeks without healing were entered into one of five randomized, prospective, blinded clinical trials comparing treatment with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or placebo gel for up to 20 weeks. " 11/01/2005 - "The goal of this study was to estimate the effectiveness in actual clinical practice of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF) for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer (DNFU). " 11/01/2005 - "Effectiveness of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers." 02/26/2000 - "In particular recombinant human platelet derived growth factor (becaplermin) has proved to be clinically effective in chronic neuropathic foot ulcer and has been approved in the Netherlands."
7.	diazonaphthalenedisulfonic acid (NDS)IBA 08/01/2002 - "The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a preventative foot care programme, applied in a normal outpatient setting to decrease the incidence of foot ulcers in people with diabetes diagnosed as having neuropathy by neuropathy disability score (NDS), in relation to the severity of neuropathy based on the vibration perception threshold (VPT). " 03/01/2009 - "Patients with foot ulcers had longer duration of diabetes, higher values of VPT and NDS and lower values of the autonomic functions tests in comparison with the other study groups. " 05/01/2000 - "Patients who developed foot ulcers were more frequently men, had diabetes for a longer duration, had nonpalpable pedal pulses, had reduced joint mobility, had a high NDS, had a high VPT, and had an inability to feel a 5.07 SWE NDS alone had the best sensitivity, whereas the combination of the NDS and the inability to feel a 5.07 SWF reached a sensitivity of 99%. "
8.	NAD (NADH)IBA 09/01/2013 - "We recruited 39 participants (age, 56.9 ± 8.2 years; body mass index, 29.6.3 ± 4.7 kg/m2), including 15 DPN patients without foot ulcers, 16 DPN patients with foot ulcers, and 8 healthy aged-matched controls. " 01/01/2013 - "Duration of diabetes and education level were significantly associated with DPN in type 1 diabetic patients and a history of foot ulcer, age, duration of diabetes, weight, education level, and sex had a significant association with DPN in type 2 diabetic patients according to multiple logistic regression analysis. " 11/01/2010 - "The average number of steps per day was 7,754±4,087, and the number of walking episodes was 357±167 with maximum duration of 3.9±3.8 min. The large portion of DPN patients' time spent standing with the feet loaded requires further consideration when treating and preventing foot ulcers." 10/01/2010 - "These data suggest that depression is associated with increased risk of first foot ulcers in DPN patients and that this relationship is independent of biological risk factors and foot self-care. " 11/01/1998 - "We conclude that nearly a quarter of Spanish diabetic patients have DPN; that over 90% of DPN patients have Type II diabetes; that the prevalence of DPN increases with age and with the duration of the disease, and that the risk of foot ulcers among DPN patients is about three times the risk among diabetic patients without DPN. "
9.	Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)IBA 10/01/2011 - "In comparison with EGF, AMO is more effective in the treatment of foot ulcer in diabetic rats. " 04/01/2009 - "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rh-EGF) in healing foot ulcers in diabetic patients. " 02/01/2013 - "Granulation response and partial wound closure predict healing in clinical trials on advanced diabetes foot ulcers treated with recombinant human epidermal growth factor."
10.	OzoneIBA 01/01/2015 - " other two trials (111 participants) compared ozone treatment plus usual care with usual care for foot ulcers in people with DM. " 01/01/2015 - "The available evidence was three small RCTs with unclear methodology, so we are unable to draw any firm conclusions regarding the effectiveness of ozone therapy for foot ulcers in people with DM." 01/01/2015 - "To assess the effects of ozone therapy on the healing of foot ulcers in people with DM. " 01/01/2015 - "Ozone therapy for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes." 01/01/2015 - "It has been reported that ozone therapy might be helpful in treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Amputation 01/01/2015 - "One other study found a significant reduction of both amputation and foot ulcers. " 03/01/2012 - "In addition, a significant improvement in some final outcome indicators such as prevalence of foot ulcers (7.6% vs. 2.6%); amputations (1.9% vs. 0.6%) and retinopathy (18.8% vs. 8.6%) was observed. " 12/01/1996 - "s-HBOT, in conjunction with an aggressive multidisciplinary therapeutic protocol, is effective in decreasing major amputations in diabetic patients with severe prevalently ischemic foot ulcers." 11/01/2000 - "Several studies have indicated that prevention practices are effective in preventing the development of foot ulcers and amputations. " 01/01/2008 - "Prevention strategies improved life expectancy and QALYs and reduced foot ulcer rates and amputations.Ampicillin"
2.	Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy 06/01/2008 - "A systematic review of the effectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy in the management of diabetes foot ulcers." 03/01/2007 - "Chronic foot ulcer management using maggot debridement and topical negative pressure therapy." 03/01/2011 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety and clinical efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) compared with advanced moist wound therapy and standard treatment to treat foot ulcers in diabetic patients. " 04/01/2008 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety and clinical efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) compared with advanced moist wound therapy (AMWT) to treat foot ulcers in diabetic patients. " 01/01/2013 - "The second study, conducted in people with debrided foot ulcers, also reported a statistically significant increase in the proportion of ulcers healed in the negative pressure wound therapy group compared with the moist dressing group: (risk ratio 1.49; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.01). "
3.	Orthotic Devices (Orthosis) 07/01/2014 - "We conclude that shape- and barefoot plantar pressure-based orthoses were more effective in reducing submetatarsal head plantar ulcer recurrence than current standard-of-care orthoses, but they did not significantly reduce nonulcerative lesions." 03/01/2015 - "This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of TCC compared with that of a pressure-relieving ankle foot orthosis (PRAFO) in healing of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers and their effect on gait parameters. " 03/01/2015 - "A comparative study between total contact cast and pressure-relieving ankle foot orthosis in diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers." 07/01/2014 - "Prevention of recurrent foot ulcers with plantar pressure-based in-shoe orthoses: the CareFUL prevention multicenter randomized controlled trial." 04/01/2008 - "Custom-molded foot orthoses are frequently prescribed in routine clinical practice to prevent or treat plantar ulcers in diabetes by reducing the peak plantar pressure. "
4.	Tenotomy 04/01/2008 - "Tendon lengthenings in the leg seem to be effective in healing and preventing recurrence of neuropathic ulcers plantar to the metatarsal head with a low complication rate." 01/01/2014 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate treating foot ulcers in patients with diabetes by percutaneous tenotomy. " 01/01/2014 - "We retrospectively reviewed the computerized medical files of 83 patients treated for foot ulcers by percutaneous tenotomies. " 12/01/2012 - "One hundred twenty-seven patients with Wagner Grade 1 to 4 foot ulcers were treated with percutaneous Achilles complete tenotomy between January 2007 and December 2010. " 03/01/2010 - "Functional outcome and patient satisfaction after flexor tenotomy for plantar ulcers of the toes."
5.	Transplants (Transplant) 01/01/2011 - "we assessed the tolerability and efficacy of autologous skin cell grafts in older type 2 diabetic patients with chronic foot ulcers. " 01/01/2002 - "This study describes the results of 199 pinch graft operations of 126 chronic leg and foot ulcers in 85 patients in primary care between 1987 and 2001. " 01/01/2011 - "Autologous skin fibroblast and keratinocyte grafts in the treatment of chronic foot ulcers in aging type 2 diabetic patients." 09/01/2005 - "One limb with graft occlusion occurring after foot ulcer healing was also salvaged. " 10/01/2003 - "HYAFF 11-based autologous dermal and epidermal grafts in the treatment of noninfected diabetic plantar and dorsal foot ulcers: a prospective, multicenter, controlled, randomized clinical trial."