Granuloma Annulare

Benign granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by a ring of localized or disseminated papules or nodules on the skin and palisading histiocytes surrounding necrobiotic tissue resulting from altered collagen structures.

Networked: 319 relevant articles (34 outcomes, 10 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Sarcoidosis (Schaumann Disease)
2.	Skin Diseases
3.	Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)
4.	Lichen Planus (Lichen Ruber Planus)
5.	Localized Scleroderma (Morphea)

Experts

1.	LeBoit, Philip E: 3 articles (03/2015 - 03/2002)
2.	Skinner, Robert B: 3 articles (04/2003 - 07/2002)
3.	Baveja, Sukriti: 2 articles (01/2015 - 05/2013)
4.	Garg, Shilpa: 2 articles (01/2015 - 05/2013)
5.	Gibson, Lawrence E: 2 articles (11/2012 - 04/2009)
6.	Babilas, P: 2 articles (11/2012 - 10/2010)
7.	Wollina, U: 2 articles (10/2012 - 04/2006)
8.	Zedek, Daniel C: 2 articles (03/2012 - 02/2010)
9.	Ring, J: 2 articles (02/2008 - 01/2005)
10.	Frigerio, E: 2 articles (11/2007 - 04/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Granuloma Annulare:

1.	Isotretinoin (Accutane)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2005 - "Temporary remission of disseminated granuloma annulare under oral isotretinoin therapy." 06/01/2000 - "To our knowledge this is the first reported clearance of localized granuloma annulare with isotretinoin and the first reported case of granuloma annulare as a sequel to pseudofolliculitis." 03/01/2004 - "To assess the utility and safety of isotretinoin in the treatment of granuloma annulare (GA). " 03/01/2004 - "Isotretinoin in the treatment of granuloma annulare." 11/01/2002 - "Improvement of chronic generalized granuloma annulare with isotretinoin."
2.	FumaratesIBA 01/01/2005 - "Treatment of granuloma annulare with fumaric acid esters (FAE) has recently been reported to be effective in 2 patients. " 05/01/2013 - "Successful treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with oral fumaric acid esters." 01/01/2009 - "Low-dose fumaric acid esters significantly improve disseminated granuloma annulare in approximately 63% of patients. " 01/01/2009 - "Disseminated granuloma annulare has also been reported to respond to fumaric acid esters. " 01/01/2008 - "The literature on fumaric acid esters in granuloma annulare is reviewed."
3.	Ficusin (Psoralen)IBA 01/01/2006 - "We report the first instance of generalized papular umbilicated granuloma annulare in an 11-year-old boy, which cleared following bath psoralen plus ultraviolet A therapy." 11/01/2015 - "Successful treatment of subcutaneous granuloma annulare with bath-psoralen plus ultraviolet A therapy." 04/01/2011 - "Psoralen and ultraviolet A in the treatment of granuloma annulare." 05/01/2001 - "Cream psoralen plus ultraviolet A therapy for granuloma annulare." 03/01/1990 - "Although the mechanism of action of oral psoralen plus ultraviolet A irradiation in granuloma annulare is unclear, one possibility is selective elimination of the cells that are responsible for initiating the disease."
4.	tranilast (N 5')IBA 05/01/1995 - "Although spontaneous resolution is often observed in granuloma annulare, tranilast may provide an alternative therapy for the treatment of cases resistant to spontaneous healing." 05/01/1995 - "Three cases of granuloma annulare which did not exhibit a self-limited course were treated with tranilast at the dose of 300 mg/daily. " 05/01/1995 - "Treatment of granuloma annulare with tranilast." 12/01/2000 - "There have been cases-reports showing that tranilast is effective for the treatment of granulomatous diseases such as granuloma annulare and cutaneous sarcoidosis. "
5.	DapsoneFDA Link 01/01/2008 - "[Efficacy of dapsone in disseminated granuloma annulare: a case report and review of the literature\]." 07/01/2015 - "Additional clinical trials are necessary to further evaluate the effectiveness of topical dapsone in the management of granuloma annulare. " 12/01/1985 - "In our study we confirm the beneficial effect of dapsone treatment in patients with localized or generalized granuloma annulare. " 07/01/2015 - "Due to previously reported success in the use of systemic dapsone for the treatment of granuloma annulare, and the periocular proximity of the patient's lesion, topical dapsone was used for treatment. " 07/01/2015 - "Management of Periocular Granuloma Annulare Using Topical Dapsone."
6.	adalimumab (Humira)FDA Link 05/01/2009 - "Efficacy of adalimumab in the treatment of generalized granuloma annulare in monozygotic twins carrying the 8.1 ancestral haplotype." 01/01/2016 - "Treatment of recalcitrant granuloma annulare (GA) with adalimumab: A single-center, observational study." 07/01/2015 - "We report the case of a 64 year-old woman who demonstrated resolution of recalcitrant, generalized granuloma annulare (GA) following treatment with adalimumab. " 07/01/2015 - "Successful treatment of generalized granuloma annulare with adalimumab." 12/01/2011 - "Adalimumab may be an additional option in the treatment of recalcitrant forms of granuloma annulare."
7.	CollagenIBA 03/01/2012 - "Granuloma annulare (GA) is a reactive process in the dermis, related to degeneration of collagen. " 10/01/2010 - "We report a granulomatous ISR that is different from granuloma annulare and granuloma annulare-like reaction because it is rich in multinucleated giant cells engulfing altered collagen. " 08/01/2009 - "Collagen-elastic tissue changes and vascular involvement in granuloma annulare: a review of 35 cases." 04/01/2006 - "Histopathologic examination of a skin nodule showed well demarcated areas of fibrinoid degeneration of collagen that stain homogeneously and are surrounded by histiocytes in a palisading arrangement, suggestive of granuloma annulare. " 08/01/2003 - "Histologic examination showed ill-defined nodules of necrobiotic collagen with surrounding palisading mononuclear cell infiltrate consistent with granuloma annulare. "
8.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2006 - "Disseminated granuloma annulare: efficacy of cyclosporine therapy." 04/01/2006 - "Cyclosporine is a valid therapeutic option for the treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare, although we recommend its use in a protected hospital environment that facilitates patient monitoring." 02/01/1998 - "Cyclosporin for the treatment of granuloma annulare." 02/01/1995 - "Cyclosporine in the treatment of generalized granuloma annulare." 03/01/1994 - "Cyclosporine in the treatment of generalized granuloma annulare."
9.	Vitamin EFDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1991 - "We treated a patient with disseminated granuloma annulare by local application of a vitamin E emulsion and achieved a marked improvement within as little as 12 days." 01/01/2013 - "Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with oral vitamin E: 'primum nil nocere'." 06/01/1988 - "Topical vitamin E in granuloma annulare." 07/01/1950 - "Granuloma annulare: treatment with vitamin E." 04/01/2002 - "Treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and vitamin E."
10.	Minocycline (Cyclops)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2015 - "To assess the efficacy of monthly pulsed rifampicin, ofloxacin, and minocycline (ROM) therapy in the management of granuloma annulare. " 01/01/2015 - "Monthly rifampicin, ofloxacin, and minocycline therapy for generalized and localized granuloma annulare." 11/01/2014 - "We conducted an open-label prospective study of subjects with at least five lesions of granuloma annulare who received once monthly rifampin, ofloxacin, and minocycline for 6 months. " 05/01/2013 - "Generalized granuloma annulare treated with monthly rifampicin, ofloxacin, and minocycline combination therapy." 07/01/2009 - "Granuloma annulare treated with rifampin, ofloxacin, and minocycline combination therapy."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 04/01/2005 - "The purpose of this two-center study was to determine the rate and duration of clinical response to UVA1 phototherapy in a larger cohort of 20 patients with disseminated granuloma annulare. " 04/01/2015 - "Successful Treatment of Disseminated Granuloma Annulare With Narrowband UV-B Phototherapy." 11/01/2007 - "Multiple localized granuloma annulare: ultraviolet A1 phototherapy." 04/01/2005 - "UVA1 phototherapy provided good or excellent results in half of our 20 patients with disseminated granuloma annulare. " 04/01/2005 - "UVA1 phototherapy for disseminated granuloma annulare."
2.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy) 01/01/2009 - "Generalized granuloma annulare treated with methylaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy." 04/01/2008 - "[Photodynamic therapy of granuloma annulare]." 01/01/2008 - "Photodynamic therapy for granuloma annulare: more than a shot in the dark." 09/01/2006 - "Successful treatment of granuloma annulare with topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy." 03/01/1990 - "Photochemotherapy of generalized granuloma annulare."
3.	PUVA Therapy 01/01/2006 - "Clearance of generalized papular umbilicated granuloma annulare in a child with bath PUVA therapy." 07/01/2000 - "PUVA therapy of granuloma annulare." 04/01/1999 - "[Bath-PUVA therapy of granuloma annulare]." 01/01/1988 - "PUVA therapy of diffuse granuloma annulare." 01/01/2008 - "A 40-year-old man suffered from disseminated granuloma annulare not responding to topical steroids and PUVA-therapy. "
4.	Lasers (Laser) 07/01/2008 - "To date, reports on the safe and effective laser treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare (GA) are still limited. " 05/01/2011 - "The use of fractional lasers in stretch marks, melasma and other pigmentary conditions, dermatological conditions such as granuloma annulare has been reported. " 05/01/2011 - "Granuloma annulare successfully treated using fractional photothermolysis with a 1,550-nm erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet fractionated laser."
5.	Excimer Lasers 11/01/2012 - "Excimer laser therapy is a powerful treatment modality with minimal side effects for patients with granuloma annulare. " 11/01/2012 - "To review the current therapy for granuloma annulare and report a case of refractory generalized granuloma annulare successfully treated with excimer laser. " 11/01/2012 - "Granuloma annulare treated with excimer laser." 01/01/2014 - "308-nm excimer laser has currently a verified efficacy in treating skin conditions such as vitiligo, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, allergic rhinitis, folliculitis, granuloma annulare, lichen planus, mycosis fungoides, palmoplantar pustulosis, pityriasis alba, CD30+ lympho proliferative disorder, leukoderma, prurigo nodularis, localized scleroderma and genital lichen sclerosus. "