Endothelins (Endothelin)

21-Amino-acid peptides produced by vascular endothelial cells and functioning as potent vasoconstrictors. The endothelin family consists of three members, ENDOTHELIN-1; ENDOTHELIN-2; and ENDOTHELIN-3. All three peptides contain 21 amino acids, but vary in amino acid composition. The three peptides produce vasoconstrictor and pressor responses in various parts of the body. However, the quantitative profiles of the pharmacological activities are considerably different among the three isopeptides.

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Networked: 3957 relevant articles (107 outcomes, 545 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Edvinsson, Lars: 34 articles (03/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Barton, Matthias: 24 articles (03/2015 - 02/2002)
3.	Miyauchi, Takashi: 21 articles (11/2014 - 07/2002)
4.	Webb, David J: 19 articles (03/2015 - 08/2002)
5.	Pollock, David M: 19 articles (05/2014 - 07/2002)
6.	Granger, Joey P: 18 articles (10/2012 - 07/2002)
7.	Matsumura, Yasuo: 17 articles (11/2014 - 09/2002)
8.	Schiffrin, Ernesto L: 16 articles (11/2014 - 02/2002)
9.	Bagnato, Anna: 16 articles (04/2014 - 02/2003)
10.	Jesmin, Subrina: 14 articles (11/2014 - 11/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Pulmonary Hypertension (Ayerza Syndrome) 09/01/2010 - "Today, endothelin (ET)-1 receptor antagonists were proved to be effective in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. " 10/01/2007 - "Several studies have suggested that interfering with the function of the endothelin system will be helpful in pulmonary hypertension treatment. " 03/01/2006 - "Endothelin (ET)-1 is a mediator of vascular remodeling seen in human pulmonary hypertension (PH), and it is normally cleared via endothelial ET-B receptors. " 09/01/1999 - "The aim of the study was to assess plasma endothelin concentration in patients with pulmonary hypertension. " 02/01/2012 - "While this case exemplifies how thrombotic microangiopathic nephropathy may be associated with pulmonary hypertension, a therapeutic role of endothelin antagonists is suggested, not only for pulmonary hypertension but also for microangiopathic nephropathy."
2.	Heart Failure 06/01/2008 - "Our results suggest that, in congestive heart failure, ETB receptors are essential to limit circulating endothelin levels, which may argue for improved cardiac benefits after long-term treatment with highly selective ETA-receptor antagonists." 01/01/2006 - "The positive inotropic agents have thrown their last reserves into the fight against cardiac failure: the anti-endothelins have not yet been shown to have significant benefits. " 12/01/2001 - "Given its pharmacological profile, it is likely that endothelin (ET-1) plays a deleterious role in the development of heart failure, and that blockers of the endothelin system are beneficial in this disease. " 07/01/2000 - "Total endothelin immunoreactivity was non significantly greater in heart failure patients than controls (6. 8+/-1.4 vs. 4.6+/-0.5 pM; P=0.13). " 06/01/2001 - "The RITZ-2 trial suggests that an intravenous, non-selective endothelin antagonist is effective in improving haemodynamics and symptoms and possibly in reducing morbidity in severe heart failure. "
3.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 05/01/2009 - "We found previously that selective blockade of endothelin ETA receptors is superior to nonselective ET(A)/ET(B) in attenuating hypertension and survival rate in Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR). " 11/01/2000 - "From these results, we suggest that: (1) the contribution of endothelin (ET) to the maintenance of hypertension is greater in salt-sensitive hypertensive models than in SHR and SHRSP; (2) the antihypertensive efficacy of ETA/ETB blockade is augmented by AT1-receptor blockade; (3) ET blockers alone or in combination with AT1 antagonists could be useful in the treatment of hypertension for patients who do not respond adequately to renin-angiotensin system inhibitors alone." 01/01/2012 - "Moreover, selective blockade of endothelin (ET) receptor type A (ET(A)) improved survival rate and attenuated hypertension and organ damage in Ren-2 transgenic rats. " 10/01/2004 - "However, to date no substantial clinical efficacy of endothelin-I receptor blockers has been shown in patients with essential hypertension. " 07/01/1997 - "Failure of some experimental models of hypertension to respond to treatment with the combined ETA/ETB endothelin antagonist may be due in part to blockade of vasorelaxant endothelial ETB receptors which could in theory reduce the efficacy of endothelin antagonism. "
4.	Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal Failure) 04/01/2001 - "Endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists have proved beneficial in the treatment of ischemic acute renal failure (IARF); however, the long-term outcomes have not been assessed in this disease. " 01/01/1994 - "Clearly the development of specific TNF and endothelin antagonists holds out promise for the treatment and prevention of septic acute renal failure." 10/01/2005 - "As the endothelin pathway is known to be involved in the development of acute renal failure (ARF), we designed a study to clarify its role in ARF following OLT. " 04/01/1992 - "[Endothelin and acute renal failure: study on their relation and possible mechanisms]." 04/01/2001 - "Endothelin (ET) is known to reduce glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow and is a possible mediator of acute renal failure (ARF). "
5.	Anoxia (Hypoxia) 04/01/2015 - "Our previous study revealed that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1a mediated endothelin (ET)-2 signaling plays an important role in ovulation in rats. " 05/01/2008 - "An in vivo ultrasonographic study of renal hemodynamics showed a substantial increase in endothelin-mediated vascular resistance during hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced VOC. " 09/01/2007 - "In this study we evaluated the effects of chronic maternal hypoxia on the expression of endothelin and its receptors and on receptor binding activity in the uterus and placenta of the rat, in order to elucidate their roles in hypoxia-induced fetal growth restriction. " 06/01/2007 - "The aim of this study was to determine if there is any correlation between the hypoxia induced deterioration of renal functions and urinary excretions of endothelin (ET). " 03/01/2006 - "In this study, the role of ROS in the effect of hypoxia on endothelin (ET) type B (ETB) receptor-mediated vasocontraction in lungs was determined. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	bosentan (Tracleer)
2.	Endothelin Receptors (Endothelin Receptor)
3.	Epoprostenol (Prostacyclin)
4.	Angiotensin II
5.	Renin
6.	cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu)
7.	Endothelins (Endothelin)
8.	TAK 044
9.	tezosentan
10.	N- (5- (4- bromophenyl)- 6- (2- (5- bromopyrimidin- 2- yloxy)ethoxy)pyrimidin- 4- yl)- N'- propylaminosulfonamide

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant)
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
3.	Lung Transplantation
4.	Ligation
5.	Castration