Endothelins (Endothelin)

21-Amino-acid peptides produced by vascular endothelial cells and functioning as potent vasoconstrictors. The endothelin family consists of three members, ENDOTHELIN-1; ENDOTHELIN-2; and ENDOTHELIN-3. All three peptides contain 21 amino acids, but vary in amino acid composition. The three peptides produce vasoconstrictor and pressor responses in various parts of the body. However, the quantitative profiles of the pharmacological activities are considerably different among the three isopeptides.

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Networked: 4652 relevant articles (118 outcomes, 624 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Edvinsson, Lars: 35 articles (02/2021 - 01/2002)
2.	Barton, Matthias: 29 articles (01/2022 - 05/2000)
3.	Pollock, David M: 27 articles (01/2022 - 07/2002)
4.	Webb, David J: 24 articles (01/2021 - 08/2002)
5.	Miyauchi, Takashi: 22 articles (08/2016 - 07/2002)
6.	Schiffrin, Ernesto L: 20 articles (01/2020 - 02/2002)
7.	Granger, Joey P: 20 articles (10/2018 - 07/2002)
8.	Bagnato, Anna: 18 articles (03/2016 - 02/2003)
9.	Dhaun, Neeraj: 17 articles (01/2021 - 04/2006)
10.	Matsumura, Yasuo: 17 articles (11/2014 - 09/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Pulmonary Hypertension 09/01/2010 - "Today, endothelin (ET)-1 receptor antagonists were proved to be effective in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. " 10/01/2007 - "Several studies have suggested that interfering with the function of the endothelin system will be helpful in pulmonary hypertension treatment. " 09/01/1999 - "The aim of the study was to assess plasma endothelin concentration in patients with pulmonary hypertension. " 04/01/1996 - "To study the synthesis and distribution of endothelin (ET) in the rat model of pulmonary hypertension (PH). " 02/01/1995 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of endothelin (ET) in the development of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. "
2.	Heart Failure 06/01/2008 - "Our results suggest that, in congestive heart failure, ETB receptors are essential to limit circulating endothelin levels, which may argue for improved cardiac benefits after long-term treatment with highly selective ETA-receptor antagonists." 01/01/2006 - "The positive inotropic agents have thrown their last reserves into the fight against cardiac failure: the anti-endothelins have not yet been shown to have significant benefits. " 12/01/2001 - "Given its pharmacological profile, it is likely that endothelin (ET-1) plays a deleterious role in the development of heart failure, and that blockers of the endothelin system are beneficial in this disease. " 07/01/2000 - "Total endothelin immunoreactivity was non significantly greater in heart failure patients than controls (6. 8+/-1.4 vs. 4.6+/-0.5 pM; P=0.13). " 08/01/2000 - "The relative efficacy of endothelin-A (ET(A)) receptor blockade versus combined ET(A)-ET(B) receptor blockade in chronic heart failure (CHF) is still largely unknown. "
3.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 05/01/2009 - "We found previously that selective blockade of endothelin ETA receptors is superior to nonselective ET(A)/ET(B) in attenuating hypertension and survival rate in Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR). " 01/01/2012 - "Moreover, selective blockade of endothelin (ET) receptor type A (ET(A)) improved survival rate and attenuated hypertension and organ damage in Ren-2 transgenic rats. " 06/01/2022 - "[Study on the effect of Xiaoqinglong decoction on vascular endothelin inpulmonary hypertension rat based on Jiebiaokuoluo method]." 03/01/2019 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rehabilitative aerobic exercise on blood pressure, serum inflammatory factors, endothelin and quality of life in patients with hypertension. " 03/01/2015 - "However, the study of endothelin and its close ties to hypertension is evolving. "
4.	Hypoxia (Hypoxemia) 01/01/2022 - "Our data using a rat model of prenatal hypoxia demonstrated that, as adults, although inhibition of endothelin (ETA) receptors before an ex vivo cardiac ischemic insult improved recovery in females, it strikingly prevented recovery in males. " 10/31/2018 - "The aim of the present study was to determine if CYR61 secretion in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is regulated by hypoxia and through the endothelin A (ETA) receptor. " 04/01/2015 - "Our previous study revealed that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1a mediated endothelin (ET)-2 signaling plays an important role in ovulation in rats. " 05/01/2008 - "An in vivo ultrasonographic study of renal hemodynamics showed a substantial increase in endothelin-mediated vascular resistance during hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced VOC. " 06/01/2007 - "The aim of this study was to determine if there is any correlation between the hypoxia induced deterioration of renal functions and urinary excretions of endothelin (ET). "
5.	Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension 11/01/2008 - "Blockade of the endothelin (ET) system is beneficial in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). " 12/01/2004 - "Clinical studies have shown the importance of endothelin as a pathogenic mediator in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). " 01/01/2022 - "Background: Although major advances have been made in the pathogenesis and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), the endothelin system is still considered to play a vital role in the pathology of PAH due to its vasoconstrictive action. " 07/01/2020 - "Endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists (ERAs) have considerable improvements in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients' symptoms. " 07/01/2020 - "Emerging roles of let‑7d in attenuating pulmonary arterial hypertension via suppression of pulmonary artery endothelial cell autophagy and endothelin synthesis through ATG16L1 downregulation."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Bosentan (Tracleer)
2.	Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
3.	Angiotensin II
4.	Epoprostenol (Prostacyclin)
5.	Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide)
6.	Salts
7.	Endothelin Receptors (Endothelin Receptor)
8.	Renin
9.	Vasoconstrictor Agents
10.	cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
3.	Lung Transplantation
4.	Ligation
5.	Castration