Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta)

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

Also Known As:

Networked: 11179 relevant articles (280 outcomes, 1302 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Miyazono, Kohei: 35 articles (06/2010 - 01/2002)
2.	Moses, Harold L: 34 articles (11/2015 - 12/2002)
3.	Schiemann, William P: 25 articles (01/2015 - 04/2002)
4.	Flanders, Kathleen C: 25 articles (06/2010 - 03/2002)
5.	Roberts, Anita B: 25 articles (01/2010 - 02/2002)
6.	Varga, John: 24 articles (03/2012 - 04/2002)
7.	Leask, Andrew: 24 articles (06/2010 - 01/2002)
8.	Kim, Seong-Jin: 24 articles (03/2010 - 02/2002)
9.	Flavell, Richard A: 23 articles (12/2013 - 06/2002)
10.	Mishra, Lopa: 23 articles (01/2012 - 12/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 07/01/2001 - "In this study, we have employed a very aggressive, poorly immunogenic and highly metastatic mammary model, 4T1, to compare the efficacy of B7.1, IFN-gamma and antisense TGF-beta gene transfer in stimulating an anti-tumor response. " 05/01/2010 - "Despite these successes, the temporal- and context-dependent roles of TGF-beta signalling in cancer has made it challenging to define patient subgroups that are most likely to respond, and the therapeutic regimens that will be most effective in the clinic. " 07/01/2001 - "Finally, in a residual disease model in which the primary tumor was excised and mice were vaccinated with irradiated tumor cells, treatment of mice with vaccinations consisting of 4T1 cells expressing both antisense TGF-beta and IFN-gamma genes was the most effective in prolonging survival." 08/01/2010 - "Collectively, many recent studies favour the hypothesis that blocking TGFbeta-induced signalling in the tumour microenvironment enhances antitumour immunity and may be beneficial for cancer therapy. " 02/01/2006 - "Recent studies addressing TGF-beta mediated stromal-epithelial interactions have significantly improved our understanding related to the regulation of cancer. "
2.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis) 12/01/1993 - "The density of the antimacrophage (M phi) antibody positive cells in the muscular layers was apparently greater in the remarkable fibrosis group than in the unremarkable fibrosis group, and the density of the anti-TGF-beta antibody positive cells in the remarkable fibrosis group was significantly greater than in the unremarkable fibrosis group. " 02/01/2006 - "While high levels of TGF-beta appeared to be associated with protection against fibrosis, the strength of the association was low." 05/01/1988 - "These findings suggest that TGF-beta secreted in an inflammatory site may be beneficial in diminishing lymphocyte function while promoting fibrosis and tissue repair. " 01/01/2013 - "These results demonstrate that class I HDACs are critically involved in renal fibrogenesis and renal fibroblast activation through modulating TGF-beta and EGFR signaling and suggest that blockade of class I HDAC may be a useful treatment for renal fibrosis." 06/01/2009 - "EMT antagonists, TGF-beta signal modulator, and HIF-1alpha inhibitor could be useful for the treatment of fibrosis."
3.	Inflammation 05/01/2005 - "Therapeutic treatment of mice with anti-TGF-beta Ab significantly reduced peribronchiolar extracellular matrix deposition, airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, and mucus production in the lung without affecting established airway inflammation and Th2 cytokine production. " 01/01/2009 - "Transforming growth factor-beta activity in commercially available pasteurized cow milk provides protection against inflammation in mice." 01/01/2005 - "Phagocytosis of opsonized apoptotic cardiocytes is distinct from macrophage pathways engaged in physiologic clearance of dying tissue, which also results in the release of TGFbeta but in the latter case appropriately serves to dampen inflammation. " 09/01/2007 - "In this study, we examined the effects of the TGF-beta signaling pathway on peritoneal inflammation associated with PD in rats by over-expressing Smad7, an inhibitor of TGF-beta/Smad signaling. " 08/03/2007 - "The present study revealed that suppression of TGF-beta deteriorated epithelial apoptosis, and the increase of apoptotic epithelial cells may amplify the inflammation in gut mucosa."
4.	Necrosis 09/01/2004 - "(Ad-TGF-beta: 90.3 +/- 4.0% versus Ad-GFP: 82.2 +/- 8.7% and saline group: 82.6 +/- 4.3%.) In this study, the authors were able to demonstrate that adenovirus-mediated gene therapy using TGF-beta ameliorated ischemic necrosis in an epigastric skin flap model, as confirmed by significant reduction in the necrotic zones of the flap. " 07/01/2005 - "In the early phase of wound healing, the elevation of MMP-9 and TGF-beta accelerated cell migration to promote the clearance of the inflammatory necrosis tissues, which might be one of the wound healing mechanisms. " 09/01/2004 - "Adenovirus-mediated transforming growth factor-beta ameliorates ischemic necrosis of epigastric skin flaps in a rat model." 06/01/2010 - "R2B silencing reduced the apoptosis induced by tumour necrosis factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta. " 02/05/2006 - "Our finding supports the key effect of the yellow fever virus in hepatocyte injury, resulting in prevalence of apoptosis over necrosis, aside from a TGF-beta action induced by the inflammatory response."
5.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis) 08/01/2009 - "Notably, disruption of TGF-beta signaling early in metastasis can substantially reduce metastasis burden but becomes less effective when bone lesions are well established. " 06/01/2006 - "Preclinical studies using TGFbeta inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in reducing metastasis and have shown improvements in cytotoxic drug delivery. " 09/01/2010 - "The results of our study demonstrate for the first time that TGF-beta displays selective metastasis suppressor activity. " 09/01/2010 - "The aim of this study was to determine the role of TGF-beta in the development of such metastasis. " 03/15/2010 - "In the present study, we show that S100A4, a metastasis-associated protein, also called metastatin-1, can physically and functionally interact with Smad3, an important mediator of TGF-beta signalling. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta)
2.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)
3.	Cytokines
4.	Interleukin-10 (Interleukin 10)
5.	Collagen
6.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
7.	Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (TGF beta 1)
8.	Transforming Growth Factors (Transforming Growth Factor)
9.	Interleukin-2 (IL2)
10.	Bleomycin (Blenoxane)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Transplants (Transplant)
3.	Vitrectomy
4.	Immunotherapy
5.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)