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Spinal Dysraphism (Spina Bifida)

Congenital defects of closure of one or more vertebral arches, which may be associated with malformations of the spinal cord, nerve roots, congenital fibrous bands, lipomas, and congenital cysts. These malformations range from mild (e.g., SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA) to severe, including rachischisis where there is complete failure of neural tube and spinal cord fusion, resulting in exposure of the spinal cord at the surface. Spinal dysraphism includes all forms of spina bifida. The open form is called SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA and the closed form is SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p34)
Also Known As:
Spina Bifida; Rachischisis; Schistorrhachis; Cleft Spine; Open Spine; Spinal Dysraphia; Bifida, Spina; Cleft Spines; Dysraphia, Spinal; Dysraphicus, Status; Dysraphism, Spinal; Dysraphisms, Spinal; Open Spines; Rachischises; Spina Bifidas; Spinal Dysraphias; Spinal Dysraphisms; Spine, Cleft; Spine, Open; Status Dysraphicus
Networked: 1586 relevant articles (58 outcomes, 182 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1. Anencephaly (Aprosencephaly)
2. Neural Tube Defects (Exencephaly)
3. Meningomyelocele (Myelomeningocele)
4. Neurogenic Urinary Bladder (Bladder, Neurogenic)
5. Congenital Abnormalities (Deformity)

Experts

1. Shaw, Gary M: 31 articles (01/2018 - 02/2002)
2. Oakley, Godfrey P: 25 articles (01/2022 - 01/2002)
3. Kancherla, Vijaya: 21 articles (01/2022 - 10/2013)
4. Finnell, Richard H: 19 articles (01/2021 - 02/2002)
5. Yang, Wei: 16 articles (01/2018 - 06/2005)
6. Zhu, Huiping: 16 articles (09/2013 - 02/2002)
7. Lammer, Edward J: 16 articles (10/2010 - 02/2002)
8. Werler, Martha M: 13 articles (01/2022 - 01/2005)
9. Mitchell, Laura E: 13 articles (02/2015 - 11/2002)
10. Canfield, Mark A: 11 articles (11/2019 - 01/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Spinal Dysraphism:
1. Folic Acid (Vitamin M)FDA LinkGeneric
2. LatexIBA
3. AllergensIBA
4. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)IBA
5. Type A Botulinum Toxins (Botox)FDA Link
6. IodineIBA
7. Muscarinic AntagonistsIBA
8. Tretinoin (Retinoic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric
9. AntibodiesIBA
10. Cholinergic Antagonists (Anticholinergics)IBA

Therapies and Procedures

1. Injections
2. Enema (Enemas)
3. Therapeutics
4. Analgesia
5. Hysterotomy