Complement Membrane Attack Complex (Membrane Attack Complex)

A product of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION cascade, regardless of the pathways, that forms transmembrane channels causing disruption of the target CELL MEMBRANE and cell lysis. It is formed by the sequential assembly of terminal complement components (COMPLEMENT C5B; COMPLEMENT C6; COMPLEMENT C7; COMPLEMENT C8; and COMPLEMENT C9) into the target membrane. The resultant C5b-8-poly-C9 is the "membrane attack complex" or MAC.

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Networked: 1025 relevant articles (18 outcomes, 88 trials/studies)

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Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Morgan, B Paul: 19 articles (01/2022 - 01/2002)
2.	Rus, Horea: 17 articles (01/2020 - 12/2003)
3.	Wang, Yingwei: 13 articles (01/2021 - 06/2006)
4.	Qiu, Wen: 12 articles (01/2021 - 11/2009)
5.	Zhao, Dan: 12 articles (01/2021 - 11/2009)
6.	Niculescu, Florin: 12 articles (02/2016 - 12/2003)
7.	Zhang, Jing: 10 articles (01/2021 - 12/2002)
8.	Cybulsky, Andrey V: 10 articles (11/2013 - 09/2002)
9.	Mollnes, Tom Eirik: 8 articles (01/2021 - 12/2004)
10.	Magro, Cynthia M: 8 articles (10/2020 - 11/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Inflammation (Inflammations) 05/01/2019 - "Local complement activation in the dental pulp is known to be involved in inflammation and regeneration and also in pathogen destruction through membrane attack complex formation. " 06/15/2011 - "Our data indicate that protection from ECM in C5(-/-) mice is mediated through inhibition of membrane attack complex formation and not through C5a-induced inflammation." 12/01/2004 - "Complement activation with formation of biologically potent mediators like C5a and the terminal C5b-9 complex (TCC) contributes essentially to development of inflammation and tissue damage in a number of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. " 12/01/2004 - "As markers of inflammation, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II and the membrane attack complex (MAC) were analysed. " 03/01/2003 - "Membrane attack complex formation in deficient membrane bound CD59 may also exacerbate synovial cell injury and inflammation."
2.	Proteinuria 01/01/2022 - "Prior studies suggest that tubulointerstitial injury secondary to proteinuria in LN is mediated by complement activation in the tubules, specifically through the membrane attack complex (MAC). " 11/01/1999 - "These studies document for the first time an important role for C6, and therefore C5b-9, in the pathogenesis of nonimmunologic tubulointerstitial injury induced by proteinuria. " 02/03/2022 - "Changes in urinary C5b-9 levels were positively correlated with time-averaged proteinuria during the follow-up period (r = 0.461, p = 0.007) but were not correlated with the mean annual rate of eGFR decline (r = -0.282, p = 0.112). " 02/03/2022 - "Baseline urinary C5b-9 levels were positively correlated with proteinuria (r = 0.548, p = 0.001) at the time of diagnosis. " 02/03/2022 - "We analyzed the correlation between baseline urinary C5b-9 levels, posttreatment changes in their levels, and clinical outcomes, including changes in proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and treatment response. "
3.	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Libman-Sacks Disease) 07/01/1998 - "This study investigated whether increased plasma levels of terminal complement complex (SC5b-9) or split products correlate with disease activity and clinical manifestations in Brazilian systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. " 11/04/2011 - "These results raise the possibility that ICs and the nonlytic C5b-9 modulate T cell-mediated responses in systemic lupus erythematosus and other related chronic inflammatory disorders." 11/01/1987 - "Terminal complement complex in plasma from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other glomerular diseases." 02/04/1982 - "Cutaneous localization of the membrane attack complex in discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus." 01/01/2017 - "Plasma levels of C1q and C3 significantly decreased, and the levels of Bb, C3a, C5a and soluble C5b-9 were significantly elevated in patients with active lupus nephritis compared with those in remission, active systemic lupus erythematosus without renal involvement group and normal controls. "
4.	Infections 10/01/2022 - "Although the MAC is a membrane-inserted complex, soluble forms of MAC (sMAC), or terminal complement complex (TCC), are often detected in sera of patients suffering from infections. " 01/01/2018 - "The C9-dependent membrane attack complex can lead to deposition of a bacteriolytic membrane pore on the bacteria, but this system does not contribute to control of rickettsial infection. " 01/01/2016 - "CSF was assayed for the soluble membrane attack complex (sMAC) by ELISA in patients with suspected shunt failure or infection. " 01/01/2016 - "Soluble membrane attack complex is diagnostic for intraventricular shunt infection in children." 04/01/2014 - "The differential kinetics between cell-free killing and phagocytosis of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella allows these bacteria to escape the blood and establish intracellular infection before they are killed by the membrane attack complex. "
5.	Nephrotic Syndrome (Syndrome, Nephrotic) 01/01/2023 - "Patients with glomerular deposition of C5b-9 had more severe nephrotic syndrome on diagnosis and lower remission and renal survival rates than adults without. " 11/01/1999 - "Complement membrane attack complex (C5b-9) mediates interstitial disease in experimental nephrotic syndrome." 05/01/2005 - "Complement inhibitors targeted to the proximal tubule prevent injury in experimental nephrotic syndrome and demonstrate a key role for C5b-9." 01/01/2013 - "Subsequent activation of the complement cascade, podocyte injury by the membrane attack complex and the expansion of the glomerular basement membrane cause proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. " 01/01/2018 - "Age, extent of renal fibrosis, frequency of nephrotic syndrome, low serum C3 and C3 nephritic factor and elevated soluble C5b-9 concentrations, or complement gene variants did not differ between responders and nonresponders. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)
2.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
3.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
4.	eculizumab
5.	Antigen-Antibody Complex (Immune Complex)
6.	Monoclonal Antibodies
7.	Mannose-Binding Lectin (Mannan-Binding Lectin)
8.	Complement C3 (C3 Complement)
9.	Peptides (Polypeptides)
10.	Antibodies

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Kidney Transplantation
2.	Therapeutics
3.	Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
4.	Lasers (Laser)
5.	Transplantation