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Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome

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Mild to fulminant necrotizing vaso-occlusive retinitis associated with a high incidence of retinal detachment and poor vision outcome.

Also Known As:

Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute; Acute Retinal Necroses; Necroses, Acute Retinal; Necrosis, Acute Retinal; Retinal Necroses, Acute; Retinal Necrosis, Acute; Acute Retinal Necrosis

Networked: 207 relevant articles (10 outcomes, 6 trials/studies)

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Disease Context: Research Results

Eye Diseases: 2132
- Retinal Diseases: 1278
  - Retinitis: 1448
    - Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome: 207

Related Diseases

1.	Retinal Detachment (Retinal Detachments)
2.	Retinitis
3.	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
4.	Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
5.	Retinal Perforations

Experts

1.	Kezuka, Takeshi: 5 articles (04/2010 - 09/2002)
2.	Takeuchi, Masaru: 3 articles (06/2015 - 09/2002)
3.	Flaxel, Christina J: 3 articles (04/2013 - 12/2006)
4.	Goto, Hiroshi: 3 articles (04/2010 - 06/2006)
5.	Mochizuki, Manabu: 3 articles (09/2009 - 05/2002)
6.	Johnson, Mark W: 3 articles (07/2009 - 02/2007)
7.	Usui, Masahiko: 3 articles (05/2007 - 09/2002)
8.	Tran, T H C: 3 articles (03/2005 - 01/2003)
9.	Bodaghi, B: 3 articles (03/2005 - 01/2003)
10.	Rozenberg, F: 3 articles (03/2005 - 01/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome:

1.	Acyclovir (Aciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1986 - "Our data suggest the need for a prospective randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous or oral acyclovir in the treatment of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome." 08/01/2012 - "To examine the effectiveness of prolonged oral acyclovir treatment in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN). " 08/01/2012 - "Effect of prolonged oral acyclovir treatment in acute retinal necrosis." 09/01/2010 - "Acute retinal necrosis in a monocular patient complicated by acyclovir-induced nephrotoxicity." 04/01/2010 - "To compare outcomes from patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) treated in the acyclovir-only era with those treated in the era of newer antiviral therapies, identify variables affecting outcomes in ARN, and evaluate strategies for fellow eye prophylaxis. "
2.	Foscarnet FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2010 - "To study the effects of intravitreal foscarnet and the clinical differences between varicella zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) induced acute retinal necrosis (ARN). " 06/01/2011 - "To report of a case of acute retinal necrosis (ARN), successfully treated with intravitreal foscarnet. " 03/01/2010 - "Acute retinal necrosis: the effects of intravitreal foscarnet and virus type on outcome." 09/01/2007 - "A 9 year-old girl with herpes simplex virus type 2 acute retinal necrosis treated with intravitreal foscarnet." 01/01/1991 - "One case of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) did not show any response to foscavir therapy. "
3.	valacyclovir (valaciclovir)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2012 - "The purpose of this study was to report the case of a patient with acute retinal necrosis who developed neurotoxicity while being treated with oral valaciclovir antiviral therapy. " 04/01/2013 - "Five of the nine patients were initially misdiagnosed to have acute retinal necrosis (ARN) for which they were on Valacyclovir for a variable period of time. " 01/01/2012 - "A 63-year-old, healthy, white woman was being treated with oral valaciclovir for acute retinal necrosis. " 01/01/2012 - "Reversible mental status change and renal dysfunction associated with the use of high-dose oral valaciclovir therapy for acute retinal necrosis." 01/01/2012 - "To report the outcome of oral valacyclovir as the sole antiviral therapy for patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN). "
4.	Triamcinolone (Aristocort)FDA Link 01/01/2010 - "Cytomegalovirus acute retinal necrosis in an immunocompetent patient after sub-tenon triamcinolone injection." 01/01/2015 - "Use of intravitreal triamcinolone for the treatment of optic nerve edema in a patient with acute retinal necrosis: case report." 01/01/2015 - "In select patients, combined intravitreal triamcinolone and foscarnet may be effective in treating acute retinal necrosis and its inflammatory sequelae." 01/01/2015 - "To report the use of combined intravitreal triamcinolone and foscarnet therapy in a patient with active acute retinal necrosis. " 01/01/2007 - "We report a case of unilateral acute retinal necrosis (ARN) with marked vitritis and retinal necrosis leading to retinal breaks following chicken pox successfully treated with intravenous acyclovir followed by oral acyclovir, orbital floor triamcinolone injections to contain the inflammation, and barrier laser therapy to secure the retinal breaks with good visual outcome. "
5.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 10/01/2010 - "Careful peripheral fundus examination is essential when acute unexplained visual loss is noted in patients receiving systemic corticosteroids to exclude acute retinal necrosis syndrome." 01/01/2005 - "Initial treatment of acute, unexplained visual decrease with systemic corticosteroids may lead to visual loss in patients with developing acute retinal necrosis. " 01/01/2005 - "The aim of this paper is to report a case of acute retinal necrosis following ocular trauma in a patient initially treated with vaso-active drugs and corticosteroids for presumed ocular ischemic syndrome. " 02/01/1989 - "Acute retinal necrosis syndrome in a healthy 32-year-old man was treated successfully with systemic acyclovir and corticosteroids in combination with vitrectomy, 360 degrees encircling band and transscleral cryocoagulation. "
6.	Prednisone (Sone)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2007 - "The myositis and acute retinal necrosis dramatically improved following prednisone and intravenous acyclovir therapy."
7.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 01/01/2008 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate the detection of HHV DNA, especially HSV1 (herpes simplex virus 1, HHV1), HSV2 (herpes simplex virus 2, HHV2), and VZV (varicella-zoster virus, HHV3) in ocular fluids of patients with acute retinal necrosis(ARN). " 03/01/2004 - "Monitoring herpesvirus DNA in three cases of acute retinal necrosis by real-time PCR." 03/01/2003 - "Our findings demonstrate that the use of PCR for detecting herpesvirus DNA in aqueous humor of uveitic subjects may be a valuable tool for early diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis syndrome and for timely administration of a suitable therapy." 01/01/2003 - "In the acute retinal necrosis (ARN) group (n = 19), varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA was identified in six patients, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) DNA in two patients, herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) DNA in four patients, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) genome in four patients. " 03/01/2000 - "In contrast, anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody was absent in all nine varicella-zoster virus DNA-positive acute retinal necrosis syndrome patients. "
8.	Triamcinolone Acetonide (Azmacort)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2014 - "Re: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide as an adjuvant in the management of acute retinal necrosis." 06/01/2014 - "To determine the role of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) as an adjuvant in the management of acute retinal necrosis (ARN). " 06/01/2014 - "Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide as an adjuvant in the management of acute retinal necrosis." 01/01/2010 - "Acute retinal necrosis is a rare, but potentially devastating, complication that may be associated with intraocular triamcinolone acetonide injection." 01/01/2010 - "Acute retinal necrosis after intraocular triamcinolone acetonide injection."
9.	ArgonIBA 07/01/2005 - "The second included study disclosed 19 eyes affected by acute retinal necrosis, considering that 12 of these eyes were treated with photocoagulation with argon laser to prevent retinal detachment. "
10.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)IBA 04/01/2012 - "Central retinal vascular occlusion associated with acute retinal necrosis." 06/01/2006 - "Analysis of retinal findings of acute retinal necrosis using optical coherence tomography." 09/01/2005 - "Patients with acute retinal necrosis had intracameral cells and retinal lesions. " 09/15/1993 - "Giant retinal pigment epithelial tears in acute retinal necrosis." 01/01/1989 - "Visual results and complications after retinal reattachment in the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Vitrectomy 01/01/2012 - "To compare the efficacy of prophylactic vitrectomy for acute retinal necrosis syndrome(ARN) with routine treatment in Chinese patients, thereby investigate the necessity of prophylactic vitrectomy for ARN. " 09/01/2009 - "To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic vitrectomy for acute retinal necrosis. " 09/01/2015 - "Presumed bilateral acute retinal necrosis 11 years apart, atypical presentation, and early vitrectomy." 01/01/2012 - "Timing of prophylactic and early vitrectomy for first-presenting or recurrent acute retinal necrosis syndrome." 01/01/2012 - "Efficacy and necessity of prophylactic vitrectomy for acute retinal necrosis syndrome."
2.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2013 - "Acute retinal necrosis was managed with 360° of bilateral peripheral laser cerclage. " 10/01/1998 - "[Laser-tyndallometry in eyes with acute retinal necrosis syndrome. " 09/01/2008 - "Prophylactic laser photocoagulation for acute retinal necrosis. " 08/01/1987 - "Laser photocoagulation in the acute retinal necrosis syndrome." 10/15/1988 - "Six patients with retinal detachment associated with the acute retinal necrosis syndrome were treated by the combination of vitrectomy, gas injection, and laser photocoagulation. "
3.	Light Coagulation 01/01/1988 - "Regression of disc neovascularization by photocoagulation in the acute retinal necrosis syndrome." 09/01/2008 - "Prophylactic laser photocoagulation for acute retinal necrosis. " 08/01/1987 - "Laser photocoagulation in the acute retinal necrosis syndrome." 10/01/1988 - "Photocoagulation to prevent retinal detachment in acute retinal necrosis." 10/15/1988 - "Six patients with retinal detachment associated with the acute retinal necrosis syndrome were treated by the combination of vitrectomy, gas injection, and laser photocoagulation. "
4.	Injections 07/01/2003 - "Acute retinal necrosis can follow epidural corticosteroid injections. " 07/01/2003 - "Acute retinal necrosis following epidural steroid injections." 07/01/2003 - "Two patients developed acute retinal necrosis syndrome following epidural corticosteroid injections for back pain. " 06/01/2003 - "To report the use of intravenous (IV) antiviral agents and intravitreal ganciclovir injections in three immunocompetent patients with severe acute retinal necrosis (ARN). " 01/01/2007 - "We report a case of unilateral acute retinal necrosis (ARN) with marked vitritis and retinal necrosis leading to retinal breaks following chicken pox successfully treated with intravenous acyclovir followed by oral acyclovir, orbital floor triamcinolone injections to contain the inflammation, and barrier laser therapy to secure the retinal breaks with good visual outcome. "
5.	Intravitreal Injections 07/01/2007 - "To evaluate the indication and clinical effects of intravitreal injection of Ganciclovir in the treatment of acute retinal necrosis (ARN). " 07/01/2007 - "[Intravitreal injection of Ganciclovir in the treatment of acute retinal necrosis]." 05/01/2006 - "Acute retinal necrosis post intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide." 01/01/2011 - "Intravitreal injections of dexamethasone and ganciclovir may have a role as an adjunctive therapy in the management of patients with acute retinal necrosis, particularly those caused by varicella zoster virus."