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Oculomotor Nerve Diseases (Oculomotor Nerve Palsy)

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Diseases of the oculomotor nerve or nucleus that result in weakness or paralysis of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levator palpebrae muscles, or impaired parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. With a complete oculomotor palsy, the eyelid will be paralyzed, the eye will be in an abducted and inferior position, and the pupil will be markedly dilated. Commonly associated conditions include neoplasms, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, ischemia (especially in association with DIABETES MELLITUS), and aneurysmal compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p270)

Also Known As:

Oculomotor Nerve Palsy; Palsy, Oculomotor Nerve; Third-Nerve Palsy; Oculomotor Nerve Disorders; Oculomotor Nerve Paralysis; Oculomotor Neuropathy; Partial Third-Nerve Palsy; Third Cranial Nerve Diseases; Third-Nerve Paralysis; Total Third-Nerve Palsy; Nerve Disease, Oculomotor; Nerve Diseases, Oculomotor; Nerve Disorder, Oculomotor; Nerve Disorders, Oculomotor; Nerve Palsies, Oculomotor; Nerve Palsy, Oculomotor; Nerve Paralyses, Oculomotor; Nerve Paralysis, Oculomotor; Neuropathies, Oculomotor; Neuropathy, Oculomotor; Oculomotor Nerve Disease; Oculomotor Nerve Disorder; Oculomotor Nerve Palsies; Oculomotor Nerve Paralyses; Oculomotor Neuropathies; Palsies, Oculomotor Nerve; Palsies, Partial Third-Nerve; Palsies, Third-Nerve; Palsies, Total Third-Nerve; Palsy, Partial Third-Nerve; Palsy, Third-Nerve; Palsy, Total Third-Nerve; Paralyses, Oculomotor Nerve; Paralyses, Third-Nerve; Paralysis, Oculomotor Nerve; Paralysis, Third-Nerve; Partial Third Nerve Palsy; Partial Third-Nerve Palsies; Third Nerve Palsy; Third Nerve Paralysis; Third-Nerve Palsies; Third-Nerve Palsies, Partial; Third-Nerve Palsies, Total; Third-Nerve Palsy, Partial; Third-Nerve Palsy, Total; Third-Nerve Paralyses; Total Third Nerve Palsy; Total Third-Nerve Palsies; Cranial Nerve III Diseases

Networked: 131 relevant articles (9 outcomes, 4 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Blindness (Hysterical Blindness)
2.	Strabismus (Squint)
3.	Paralysis (Palsy)
4.	Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
5.	Brain Ischemia (Cerebral Ischemia)

Experts

1.	Lee, Andrew G: 2 articles (02/2013 - 03/2002)
2.	Takahashi, Akira: 1 article (11/2015)
3.	Shizukawa, Hirohiko: 1 article (11/2015)
4.	Shimohama, Shun: 1 article (11/2015)
5.	Fujikura, Mai: 1 article (11/2015)
6.	Yokokawa, Kazuki: 1 article (11/2015)
7.	Kim, Sung-Hee: 1 article (07/2015)
8.	Park, So-Hee: 1 article (07/2015)
9.	Kim, Ji-Soo: 1 article (07/2015)
10.	Choe, Ji-Young: 1 article (07/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Oculomotor Nerve Diseases:

1.	SiliconesIBA 01/01/2012 - "The bilateral central third nerve palsy causing functional blindness secondary to severe bilateral levator palsy was treated successfully with silicone sling frontalis suspension, as the seventh nerve nucleus was not involved." 04/01/1996 - "The elasticity and ease of adjustment of the silicone rod are ideal characteristics for a suspensory material used to correct severe ptosis associated with a minimal or absent Bell phenomenon, such as in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, myasthenia gravis, or third-nerve palsy."
2.	Vinblastine (Vinblastine Sulfate)FDA Link 01/01/2014 - "Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine protocol chemotherapy was started and full haematological remission obtained after four cycles, despite mild oculomotor nerve palsy persisted. "
3.	SteroidsIBA 10/01/2013 - "Because of an escalating severity of illness leading to oculomotor nerve palsy and cavernous sinus thrombosis that was resistant to steroids, systemic immunosuppressive therapy with rituximab was used to achieve disease remission. "
4.	Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine protocol chemotherapy was started and full haematological remission obtained after four cycles, despite mild oculomotor nerve palsy persisted. "
5.	Dacarbazine (DIC)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine protocol chemotherapy was started and full haematological remission obtained after four cycles, despite mild oculomotor nerve palsy persisted. "
6.	Bleomycin (Blenoxane)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine protocol chemotherapy was started and full haematological remission obtained after four cycles, despite mild oculomotor nerve palsy persisted. "
7.	rituximab (Mabthera)FDA Link 10/01/2013 - "Because of an escalating severity of illness leading to oculomotor nerve palsy and cavernous sinus thrombosis that was resistant to steroids, systemic immunosuppressive therapy with rituximab was used to achieve disease remission. "
8.	glucuronyl glucosamine glycan sulfate (Vessel)IBA 12/01/1998 - "Signs of cerebral ischemia and third-nerve palsy resolved completely after reconstructive surgery of the occluded vessel. "
9.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 10/01/2008 - "Botulinum toxin injection into the lateral rectus muscle may provide temporary relief of symptoms in some patients and seems to be a useful treatment option in cases of acute traumatic third nerve palsy in the short-term." 10/01/2008 - "Nine patients with acute traumatic partial third-nerve palsy of less than 2 months' duration were treated by injection of botulinum toxin A into the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle. " 10/01/2008 - "The role of Botulinum toxin in management of acute traumatic third-nerve palsy." 05/01/1992 - "The role of botulinum toxin in third nerve palsy." 01/01/1988 - "Botulinum toxin treatment of patients with acute sixth and third nerve palsy appears beneficial. "
10.	Alprostadil (Muse)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1990 - "The present study suggests that improvement of intraneural microcirculation by PGE1 administration results in an immediate recovery from diabetic oculomotor nerve palsy."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Decompression 08/01/2008 - "Microvascular decompression was carried out, and the oculomotor nerve palsy improved. " 01/01/1991 - "Bilateral oculomotor nerve palsies due to posterior cerebral arterial compression relieved by microvascular decompression--case report." 01/01/2009 - "An aggressive decompression of the optic chiasm was performed with complete resolution of both visual fields and third nerve palsy. " 01/01/1991 - "Two months later, a similar oculomotor nerve paralysis due to the same mechanism occurred contralaterally and was also treated by microvascular decompression. "
2.	Sutures (Suture) 01/01/2010 - "Simplified use of suture fixation associated with lateral rectus myectomy in management of complete third nerve palsy." 10/01/2004 - "An adjustable medial orbital wall suture for third nerve palsy." 04/01/2008 - "Traction sutures in the management of long-standing third nerve palsy." 08/01/2000 - "These include temporal mattress suture,(2) eye muscle prosthesis, (3,4) splitting and reattaching the lateral rectus muscle near the vortex veins,(5) and fixation of the eye with fascia lata.(6) Taylor(7) suggested using medial transposition of the lateral rectus muscle in a case of isolated third nerve palsy. " 09/01/1980 - "Four tarsorrhaphy sutures are placed through the lower eyelid and brow following ptosis surgery in a system designed for patients with external ophthalmoplegia, third nerve paralysis, and myashenia gravis. "
3.	Traction 04/01/2008 - "Traction sutures in the management of long-standing third nerve palsy." 04/01/2008 - "Adducting traction sutures combined with large recess-resect of the horizontal rectus muscles are safe and effective in the management of long-standing strabismus due to third nerve palsy." 08/01/1996 - "We describe use of through-the-lid traction sutures in 24 consecutive patients with fixed divergent squint secondary to long-standing third nerve palsy. " 08/01/1996 - "Management of fixed divergent squint in third nerve palsy using traction sutures." 11/01/1980 - "Other complications in the treated eyes included transient partial third nerve palsies, preretinal haemorrhage, haemorrhage confined to the burn area, vitreous haemorrhage, vitreoretinal traction, and retinal detachment. "
4.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2007 - "Following six cycles of chemotherapy, the left oculomotor nerve palsy that had been previously observed was completely resolved. " 01/01/2014 - "Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine protocol chemotherapy was started and full haematological remission obtained after four cycles, despite mild oculomotor nerve palsy persisted. "
5.	Intraocular Lens Implantation 12/01/2010 - "Improvement in the field of binocular single vision following bilateral phacoemulsification with toric intraocular lens implantation in a patient with a partial third nerve palsy."