Eye Infections

Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness.

Also Known As:

Networked: 616 relevant articles (47 outcomes, 57 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Inflammation
3.	Trachoma
4.	Conjunctivitis
5.	Endophthalmitis (Ophthalmia)

Experts

1.	Rouse, Barry T: 7 articles (03/2014 - 03/2002)
2.	Holland, Martin J: 5 articles (01/2015 - 10/2005)
3.	Ghiasi, Homayon: 5 articles (11/2013 - 09/2002)
4.	Willcox, Mark D P: 5 articles (12/2012 - 05/2002)
5.	Haas, Wolfgang: 4 articles (12/2015 - 08/2009)
6.	Cancino-Diaz, Juan C: 4 articles (01/2015 - 10/2013)
7.	Mabey, David C W: 4 articles (03/2014 - 10/2005)
8.	Bailey, Robin L: 4 articles (03/2014 - 10/2005)
9.	Mulik, Sachin: 4 articles (03/2014 - 02/2011)
10.	Reddy, Pradeep B J: 4 articles (03/2014 - 02/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Eye Infections:

1.	Gentamicins (Gentamicin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1991 - "New drugs are thus needed to cure gentamicin resistant pseudomonas ocular infections. " 07/01/1976 - "Gentamicin, widely used in the treatment of ocular infections, is discussed in terms of its chemical structure, effectiveness against various organisms, and pharmacology. " 11/01/1974 - "Gentamicin in eye infection." 02/01/1970 - "Gentamicin sulfate in external eye infections." 01/01/1981 - "It was shown that in the form of eye drops gentamicin has a prolonged action, provides high levels of penetration into the eye tissues and is effective in the treatment of eye infections."
2.	Ophthalmic Solutions (Eye Drops)IBA 01/01/2011 - "Safe and effective topical antibiotic eye drops for the treatment and prevention of ocular infections must be adapted to the type of bacteria suspected. " 01/01/2015 - "Conventional eye drops are the most popular delivery systems in the treatment of various eye infections. " 01/01/2013 - "Patients with MRSA or MRSE external ocular infections unresponsive to the treatment of fluoroquinolone eye drops. " 01/01/2011 - "This article presents a review of the peer-reviewed published scientific literature in order to define the well-established uses of anti-infective eye drops in the field of ocular infections. " 01/01/2011 - "This article aims to evaluate the peer-reviewed published scientific literature and to define well-established uses of AzaSite eye drops in the field of ocular infections."
3.	Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2004 - "This PK-MB model may be very useful in optimizing treatments of various eye infections with ciprofloxacin. " 10/01/1991 - "Topically applied ciprofloxacin eradicated or reduced all isolated bacterial species, attesting to its broad antibacterial spectrum and its potential usefulness in treating external ocular infections." 01/01/1986 - "Ciprofloxacin is a potentially useful antibiotic in eye infection. " 01/01/1996 - "Therefore, the Ciprofloxacin-PSS formulation could serve as an effective single drug therapy for ocular infections." 10/01/1991 - "The growing body of experimental data supports the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of experimental keratitis and suggest that it be evaluated further in ocular infections."
4.	Tobramycin (Nebcin)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1978 - "These data suggest that tobramycin sulphate may be of value in the treatment of ocular infections." 01/01/1981 - "These results indicate that tobramycin is a clinically effective and safe topical antibiotic and that it is comparable to gentamicin for topical treatment of bacterial external eye infections. " 12/01/1988 - "Safety and efficacy of topical norfloxacin versus tobramycin in the treatment of external ocular infections." 01/01/1983 - "Safety and efficacy of tobramycin and gentamicin sulfate in the treatment of external ocular infections of children." 05/01/1999 - "Topical netilmicin compared with tobramycin in the treatment of external ocular infection."
5.	FluoroquinolonesIBA 11/01/2005 - "These fourth-generation fluoroquinolones have improved penetration into the anterior chamber and have also demonstrated increased in vivo efficacy in several animal models of ocular infections. " 05/01/2013 - "Topical fluoroquinolones are used in ophthalmology to treat ocular infections. " 08/01/2012 - "Topical ophthalmic fluoroquinolones may have a role in the management of ocular infections involving M. " 05/01/2012 - "The topical ophthalmic fluoroquinolones continue to provide a good balance of low to moderate (i.e., manageable) levels of resistance plus broad-spectrum coverage for empiric treatment of ocular infections." 09/01/2011 - "CMX and fluoroquinolones showed generally good sensitivity among causative pathogens of ocular infection."
6.	moxifloxacin (Avelox)FDA Link 06/01/2006 - "The enhanced penetration of moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution may provide better protection against ocular infections." 11/01/2005 - "This article reviews published data describing the in vitro potency of moxifloxacin and its in vivo activity for treating and preventing experimental ocular infections." 04/01/2009 - "All other isolates incubated with moxifloxacin 0.5% retained viable bacteria ranging from 1.8 to 4.4 log(10) CFU/mL. The ophthalmic solution of gatifloxacin 0.3% eradicated bacteria that frequently cause postoperative ocular infections substantially faster than did the ophthalmic solution of moxifloxacin 0.5%." 01/01/2010 - "In our institute, we observed that gatifloxacin is more potent than moxifloxacin against Gram-positive cocci isolated from ocular infections." 12/01/2006 - "To evaluate and compare the in vitro antifungal activity of moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin against Candida species isolated from ocular infections. "
7.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 04/01/2010 - "This study was undertaken to isolate and identify the specific bacterial pathogens causing ocular infections and to determine their in-vitro antibacterial susceptibilities to commonly used antibacterial agents. " 11/15/2014 - "Identification of pathogens is crucial for administering the appropriate antibiotics in order to gain effective control over ocular infection. " 09/01/2014 - "For the prevention of postoperative ocular infections prophylactic topical antibiotics are routinely used. " 11/01/2013 - "We observed an increasing trend in the overall prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus ocular infections and statistically significant higher resistance rates to commonly used antibiotics compared to Staphylococcus aureus. " 02/01/2013 - "All isolates from ocular infections collected between 2000 and 2009 were prospectively tested against several antibiotics in vitro. "
8.	Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin)FDA Link 01/01/1999 - "The writers consult a wide range of American, European and British research from 1950 to the present to reassure readers that ophthalmic chloramphenicol is a demonstrably effective, safe, cost-effective treatment for most superficial eye infections. " 04/01/2015 - "The study aims to evaluate factors influencing pharmacists' management of eye infections following the reclassification of ophthalmic chloramphenicol to pharmacist supply. " 02/01/2002 - "Topical chloramphenicol has been widely used in the treatment and prevention of superficial eye infections due to its broad spectrum of activity and low cost. " 02/01/2002 - "Topical chloramphenicol for eye infections." 01/01/1991 - "Chloramphenicol has gained widespread use in the topical treatment of ocular infections. "
9.	voriconazole (Vfend)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2004 - "Voriconazole is a new antifungal drug that appears to be very effective in the management of ocular infections caused by many filamentous and levaduriform fungi." 02/01/2013 - "We examined, retrospectively, the efficacy of voriconazole in Fusarium eye infections. " 10/01/2006 - "Voriconazole has demonstrated good activity in both cutaneous and ocular infections in the few cases in which this drug has been used. " 05/01/2004 - "Voriconazole may have a role in the therapeutic management of Candida and Aspergillus ocular infections. " 01/01/2015 - "The purpose of this study was to report: (1) the varying presentation of Paecilomyces ocular infections arising in Queensland; (2) the significance of immunosuppression as a primary determinant of disease; (3) the outcomes of voriconazole use; and (4) the ongoing need for both surgical and medical management of this devastating fungal infection. "
10.	Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)IBA 08/01/1979 - "This study report the therapeutic efficacy of systemic antiviral drugs in reducing the incidence of trigeminal ganglionic latent herpes simplex virus (HSV) after ocular infection in mice. " 07/01/2008 - "Ocular infection with HSV-1 continues to be a serious clinical problem despite the availability of effective antivirals. " 01/01/2012 - "Commonly adopted strategies are discussed to assess the relative advantages of the protective therapy using antiviral drugs and the common gene therapy against long-term HSV-1 ocular infections signs, inflammation and neovascularization. " 09/01/2000 - "Future needs include improved antivirals and immunomodulators and vaccines to prevent and treat herpetic ocular infections and adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Phacoemulsification 01/01/2014 - "A total of 134 children and adults were enrolled, and the etiologies of dry eye syndrome included contact lens use, intensive office work, adenovirus eye infection, postmenopausal status, persistent meibomian blepharitis, Sjögren's syndrome, phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, and refractive surgery. " 06/01/1997 - "To study the efficacy of combined diclofenac 0.1% and gentamicin 0.3% (Digen) eyedrops to treat postoperative inflammation and prevent ocular infection in eyes having phacoemulsification. "
2.	Vitrectomy 08/01/2000 - "This report describes a patient who developed a severe ocular infection due to Mycobacterium chelonae after vitrectomy. " 04/01/1997 - "In severe ocular infections, pars plana vitrectomy is indicated. " 01/01/2015 - "Although rare, retained small-gauge vitrectomy cannulas may lead to vision threatening ocular infection. " 10/01/2014 - "Vitrectomy and antifungal treatment improved ocular infection and inflammation. " 01/01/1998 - "Although treatment with pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreous amphotericin B is capable of eliminating the ocular infection, the visual outcome generally is poor, especially when there is direct macular involvement."
3.	Intramuscular Injections 01/01/1977 - "4. The intramuscular injection of CLDM-2-P, 300 approximately 1800 mg daily, against suppurative ocular infections revealed excellent effects on cases of external hordeolum, acute chalazion, lid abscess, orbital phlegmone, corneal infiltration, corneal ulcer, and iridocyclitis purulenta. " 11/01/1975 - "Clindamycin phosphate, a new semisynthetic antibiotic that is effective in the treatment of toxoplasmosis and of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, was found to be highly concentrated in the choroid, iris, and retina of the pigmented rabbit eye after a single intramuscular injection of 75 mg/kg. Drug levels considered adequate for the control of most ocular infections were detectable in the iris, choroid, and retina 24 hours after injection, at which time serum levels were negligible. " 03/01/1995 - "The results indicated that intramuscular injection of Acanthamoeba antigens failed to protect against ocular infection even though hosts developed high titers of IgG antibodies and displayed lymphocyte blastogenic responses to parasite antigens. "
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 02/01/2014 - "Ocular infections after a heart transplant are rare; but when present, they generally appear during the first year after surgery. " 12/01/2008 - "After corneal patch graft surgery, 7 (87.5%) eyes had stable conjunctival coverage with no epithelial breakdown over the corneal patch graft and with no reexposure of the GDI, scleral thinning, or ocular infection during follow-up. " 08/01/2009 - "Ocular infections associated with organ transplantation are well documented following renal and liver transplantation; however, few studies have reported ocular infections following heart transplant. " 06/01/1997 - "Nine orthotopic liver transplant patients (1.3%) developed ocular infections: Candida albicans endophthalmitis (2), Aspergillus fumigatus endophthalmitis (1), cytomegalovirus retinitis (4), herpes simplex virus keratitis (1), and varicella-zoster virus panophthalmitis (1). "
5.	Lenses 03/01/1996 - "The results show that the risk of ocular infection, particularly corneal ulcers, is substantially increased with overnight wear of lenses. " 05/01/2002 - "Ocular infection and inflammation during extended wear with hydrogel lenses are often associated with contamination of the lenses with bacteria. " 01/01/2001 - "Ocular infection and inflammation during hydrogel lens extended wear is often associated with colonization of the lenses with bacteria. " 06/01/2005 - "The purpose of this study is to compare the adhesion capabilities of the most important etiologic agents of microbial ocular infection to the recently available silicone-hydrogel lenses with those to a conventional hydrogel lens. "