1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (1 Methyl 4 phenylpyridinium)

An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.

Also Known As:

Networked: 254 relevant articles (13 outcomes, 50 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Soliman, Karam F A: 6 articles (06/2010 - 01/2003)
2.	Bähr, Mathias: 4 articles (11/2012 - 07/2004)
3.	Lingor, Paul: 4 articles (11/2012 - 07/2004)
4.	Choi, Dong-Kug: 3 articles (01/2013 - 01/2011)
5.	Weishaupt, Jochen H: 3 articles (11/2012 - 05/2006)
6.	Soliman, K F A: 3 articles (10/2012 - 02/2003)
7.	Mazzio, E: 3 articles (10/2012 - 02/2003)
8.	Mazzio, Elizabeth A: 3 articles (06/2010 - 03/2004)
9.	Hillard, Cecilia J: 3 articles (10/2005 - 04/2003)
10.	Kalyanaraman, B: 3 articles (10/2005 - 04/2003)

Related Diseases

1.	Neuroblastoma 09/01/2010 - "In this study, the involvement of autophagy in the protection provided by hypoxic preconditioning against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced neurotoxicity was studied in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. " 10/01/2012 - "Whole genome expression profile in neuroblastoma cells exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine." 04/26/2011 - "Meyer) against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and explores the underlying mechanisms. " 02/01/2008 - "Cell-permeable Bcl-xL protected neuroblastoma cells from the selective neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. " 02/14/2007 - "SAG protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity via the downregulation of ROS generation and JNK signaling."
2.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease) 09/01/2012 - "The present study used the dopaminegic specific neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+) ) on neuron-like PC12 cells, which is a well-accepted model of Parkinson's disease. " 01/01/2011 - "In this study, we have investigated the effects of GE extracts and its major bioactive components on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated MN9D dopaminergic cells, a classic in vitro model for Parkinson's disease (PD). " 05/01/2010 - "The toxicity caused by cell exposure to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) is a useful model in the study of Parkinson's disease (PD). " 06/01/1995 - "The possibility of functional difference of these cells in Parkinson's disease led us study the effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) on them. " 01/01/2015 - "Neuroprotective effect of Buddleja cordata methanolic extract in the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium Parkinson's disease rat model."
3.	Pheochromocytoma 08/01/2012 - "In this study, we investigated the protective effects, and the possible mechanism of action, of SAL against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced cell damage in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. " 01/01/2011 - "To study the toxicity and its mechanisms of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) on pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. " 08/12/2009 - "The aim of the present study is to explore the cytoprotection of H2S against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms underlying in PC12 cells, a rat cell line derived from pheochromocytoma cells. " 01/01/1997 - "Changes of energy metabolism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-related compounds in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells." 04/15/1988 - "Inhibition of aromatic L-aminoacid decarboxylase in clonal pheochromocytoma PC12h cells by N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)."
4.	Parkinsonian Disorders (Parkinsonism) 07/01/2009 - "In this study we sought to determine whether H(C) also prevents the apoptosis induced by the mitochondrial poison 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), which induces a form of Parkinsonism. " 05/01/2013 - "1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+) ), a potent parkinsonizing agent in primates and rodents, is a blocker of mitochondrial complex I, therefore MPP(+) -induced parkinsonism is believed to depend largely on mitochondrial impairment. " 01/09/2009 - "1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) has been shown to selectively inhibit mitochondrial function and induce a parkinsonism-like syndrome. " 01/01/2007 - "The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) produces mitochondria-targeted injury, which contributes to parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine in mammals. " 05/01/2005 - "The molecular mechanism of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin, has been studied in PC12 cells. "
5.	Necrosis 11/01/1994 - "We have investigated the mode of death induced by complex I inhibition of dopaminergic cell cultures, and our results suggest that both 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and rotenone cause apoptosis at low concentrations and necrosis at high concentrations. " 06/20/2008 - "In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of calbindin-D28K in staurosporine (STS)-induced apoptosis and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced necrosis. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	1- Methyl- 4- phenyl- 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
2.	Dopamine (Intropin)
3.	Oxidopamine (6 Hydroxydopamine)
4.	Hydrogen Peroxide (Hydroperoxide)
5.	Neurotoxins
6.	Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)
7.	Amyloid (Amyloid Fibrils)
8.	Smoke
9.	Protein Kinases (Protein Kinase)
10.	acetamide

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Oral Administration