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Salivary Gland Calculi (Sialolithiasis)

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Calculi occurring in a salivary gland. Most salivary gland calculi occur in the submandibular gland, but can also occur in the parotid gland and in the sublingual and minor salivary glands.

Also Known As:

Sialolithiasis; Salivary Gland Stones; Sialoliths; Calculi, Salivary Gland; Calculus, Salivary Gland; Gland Calculi, Salivary; Gland Calculus, Salivary; Gland Stone, Salivary; Gland Stones, Salivary; Salivary Gland Calculus; Salivary Gland Stone; Sialolith; Stone, Salivary Gland; Stones, Salivary Gland

Networked: 135 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 10 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Sialadenitis
2.	Impacted Tooth (Teeth, Impacted)
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
4.	Maxillary Fractures
5.	Fistula

Experts

1.	Afanas'ev, V V: 3 articles (01/2014 - 01/2003)
2.	Abdusalamov, M R: 3 articles (01/2014 - 01/2003)
3.	Harrison, John D: 3 articles (07/2013 - 04/2004)
4.	Marchal, Francis: 3 articles (12/2010 - 01/2002)
5.	Wagner, Niels: 2 articles (01/2015 - 11/2014)
6.	Yu, Guang-yan: 2 articles (02/2014 - 07/2009)
7.	Zhang, Zu-yan: 2 articles (02/2014 - 07/2009)
8.	Zhang, Lei: 2 articles (02/2014 - 07/2009)
9.	Liu, Deng-gao: 2 articles (02/2014 - 07/2009)
10.	Zenk, J: 2 articles (02/2014 - 04/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Salivary Gland Calculi:

1.	contrast agent BR1IBA 01/01/2014 - "In this prospective clinical study, ITGs in 30 patients with sialolithiasis-related chronic sialadenitis or an unilateral submandibular mass and 18 disease-free submandibular gland controls were quantitatively analyzed by CEUS using the contrast agent SonoVue. "
2.	calcium phosphateIBA 09/01/2007 - "The objective of this study has been to characterize sialolith, a calcium phosphate deposit that develops in the human oral cavity, by high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). " 01/01/1994 - "Human calcium phosphate calculi: two sialoliths, a urolith, a rhinolith, and a tonsillolith were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). " 01/01/2015 - "Since sialoliths are comprised mainly of calcium phosphate salts, we hypothesise that drinking water calcium levels and other elements in drinking water could play a role in sialolithiasis. "
3.	BariumIBA 07/01/2015 - "Submandibular Duct Fistula Caused by a Large Sialolith: Incidental Finding in a Barium Swallow Study."
4.	coronal Dentin dysplasiaIBA 12/01/2014 - "However, the incidental findings of salivary gland stones on intra oral occlusal radiographs can provide useful information in the early diagnosis of the condition, but in the present study no significant relationship was found between the presence of pulp stones and salivary gland stones. " 12/01/2014 - "The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between the pulp stones and salivary gland stones. " 12/01/2014 - "There was no statistical correlation between pulp narrowing and salivary stones (p>0.001) and also between pulp stones and salivary gland stones (p>0.001). "
5.	CalciumIBA 01/01/2010 - "The calcium concentration was significantly higher in sialolithiasis patients than in controls (P<0.05). " 12/01/2009 - "This leads to stagnation of secretory material rich in calcium that precipitates onto degenerating cellular membranes to form a sialolith." 04/01/2008 - "High calcium and phosphorous content in the food may be attributed to one of the reasons for the formation of sialoliths." 01/01/2015 - "Differences in drinking water calcium and magnesium may play a role in the incidence of sialolithiasis. " 05/01/2006 - "The sialolith measured 22 mm and it was mainly constituted by phosphate, calcium and smaller amounts of magnesium. "
6.	Durapatite (Hydroxylapatite)IBA 02/01/2014 - "The main structures of the sialoliths were found to be hydroxyapatite crystals. " 10/01/2004 - "The main structures of the submandibular sialoliths were found to be hydroxyapatite crystals. " 10/01/2004 - "X-ray diffraction showed that the sialoliths were composed of hydroxyapatite crystals. " 08/01/2003 - "Eighteen sialoliths exhibited similar macro and microstructure, being constituted by hydroxyapatite (HAP) and organic matter, normally arranged in a multilayer structure. " 03/01/2003 - "All of the sialoliths localized in the ducts in the submandibular gland consisted of hydroxylapatite. "
7.	MagnesiumIBA 01/01/2015 - "Differences in drinking water calcium and magnesium may play a role in the incidence of sialolithiasis. " 01/01/2010 - "In contrast, the levels of magnesium and citrate in the saliva of sialolithiasis patients were significantly reduced compared to the values obtained in controls (P<0.05). " 05/01/2006 - "The sialolith measured 22 mm and it was mainly constituted by phosphate, calcium and smaller amounts of magnesium. " 01/01/2015 - "Strong relations were found between the incidence of sialolithiasis and the drinking water concentration of calcium, magnesium and hydrogen carbonate, however, in separate models (p<0.001). " 01/01/2010 - "Increased calcium and decreased magnesium and citrate concentrations of submandibular/sublingual saliva in sialolithiasis."
8.	tranilast (N 5')IBA 01/01/2010 - "Indications were sialolithiasis refractory to treatment (n = 5), sialolithiasis with complications (n = 2), contraindications to primary minimally invasive surgery (n = 1), and primary treatment (n = 1). " 03/01/2008 - "The features of these 21 cases found endoscopically were of 4 types: sialolith (n = 4; 19.0%), duct polyps (n = 5; 23.8%), stenosis (n = 3; 14.3%), and mucus plug (n = 9; 42.9%). " 07/01/2006 - "The submandibular gland disorders were comparable between groups: pleomorphic adenoma (n = 15), chronic sialadenitis with sialolithiasis in the gland (n = 5) or hilum (n = 8), and Küttner (n = 1) or Kimura (n = 1) disease. " 01/01/2006 - "Subjects were patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (n = 26), sclerosing sialadenitis (n = 5), chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (n = 20), sialolithiasis (n = 34), Sjögren's syndrome (n = 50), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 3). "
9.	Phenobarbital (Luminal)FDA Link 09/01/2007 - "Sialoliths in the submandibular salivary glands may arise secondary to sialodenitis, but not via a luminal organic nidus. " 02/01/2014 - "Sialoliths in the submandibular salivary glands might form secondary to sialadenitis, but not via a luminal organic nidus." 10/01/2004 - "In accordance with these preliminary results, sialoliths in the submandibular salivary glands may arise secondary to sialadenitis, but not via a luminal organic nidus."
10.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 07/01/2013 - "Immunohistology revealed that only three of the 129 specimens contained areas over the threshold for IgG4-related sialadenitis of 50 IgG4 plasma cells per high-power field, and these cells were part of a non-specific chronic inflammatory infiltrate associated with ducts that had contained sialoliths. " 03/01/2011 - "High counts of IgG4 plasma cells were found in sclerosing sialadenitis (mean 40/high-power field (hpf)), contrasting sharply with sialadenitis caused by sialolithiasis (mean 3/hpf). " 07/01/2013 - "The infiltrate of IgG4 plasma cells in the series was significantly positively related to the total infiltrate of inflammatory cells, fibrosis, atrophy, lymphoid germinal centres and sialoliths. " 05/01/1997 - "Bilateral parotid sialolithiasis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and immunoglobulin G multiple myeloma."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lithotripsy (Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy) 06/01/2005 - "Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of lithotripsy in sialolithiasis, after 10 years follow-up. " 06/01/1993 - "The aim of the present study was to investigate the safety and efficiency of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of salivary gland stones in men. " 10/01/2015 - "The combined sialendoscopic-transoral and sialendoscopic-transcutaneous operation appears to be a good alternative for parotid gland sialolithiasis in the absence of lithotripsy devices. " 01/01/2014 - "Lithotripsy proved to be useful safe alternative for sialolithiasis treatment. " 01/01/2014 - "Shockwave lithotripsy was performed by various appliances in sialolithiasis patients. "
2.	Solid-State Lasers 12/01/2014 - "Recently, the holmium:YAG laser has been reported as quite effective in removing larger salivary gland stones. " 05/01/2013 - "Ho:Yag laser for sialolithiasis of Wharton's duct." 04/01/2008 - "A sialolith observed in the Wharton's duct of a male patient was resected using an Nd:YAG laser. " 04/01/2008 - "Spectroscopic and thermal analysis of a submandibular sialolith of Wharton's duct resected using Nd:YAG laser." 05/01/2013 - "To assess the feasibility of intracorporeal lithotripsy with holmium YAG laser under sialoendoscopic guidance for sialolithiasis of Wharton's duct. "
3.	Oral Medicine 10/01/1989 - "The present work is based on a study of 100 cases of sialolithiasis referred to the Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, University of Thessaloniki during the period 1963-1986. " 08/01/1979 - "Affections of the major salivary glands are relatively rare in stomatology; but according to the indications of several authors, the proportion of sialolithiasis to the total amount of affections of the salivary glands (ranging from 20.5 to 55.5%) is great. " 02/18/2014 - "From January 2010 to April 2013, 6 patients (male: 5, female: 1, age from 30-62 years, and median age: 49.5 years)suffering from recurred swelling of parotid gland due to sialoliths were treated by endoscope-assisted parotid surgery in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. "
4.	Laser Lithotripsy 08/01/1994 - "Laser lithotripsy: a preliminary study on its application for sialolithiasis." 05/01/2008 - "In summary, the most effective way is a stepwise approach based on the diagnostic tools of SE and including the laser-lithotripsy and ESWL in the treatment of sialolithiasis." 06/01/1990 - "[Endoscopic controlled laser lithotripsy in the treatment of sialolithiasis]."
5.	General Anesthesia 02/01/2001 - "The average size of sialoliths was 3.2+/-1.3 mm; larger stones were associated with more procedures under general anesthesia, longer and multiple procedures, use of fragmentation, and sialendoscopy failures. " 02/01/2001 - "Multiple sialoliths were found in 58% of ducts and associated with more procedures under general anesthesia and longer operations. " 03/01/2012 - "Sialodochoplasty in addition to transoral sialolithectomy for submandibular sialolithiasis did not affect the rate of symptom or stone recurrence, but did increase the postoperative hypoesthesia incidence and general anesthesia percentage." 07/01/2015 - "This study reviewed the records of 324 patients who underwent mildly to moderately invasive oral surgery (e.g., impacted tooth extraction, cyst excision, fixation of mandibular and maxillary fractures, osteotomy, resection of a benign tumor, sinus lifting, bone grafting, removal of a sialolith, among others) under general anesthesia or intravenous sedation from 2012 to 2014 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital. "