Tuberculoid Leprosy

A principal or polar form of LEPROSY in which the skin lesions are few and are sharply demarcated. Peripheral nerve involvement is pronounced and may be severe. Unlike lepromatous leprosy (LEPROSY, LEPROMATOUS), the lepromin test is positive. Tuberculoid leprosy is rarely a source of infection to others.

Also Known As:

Networked: 231 relevant articles (8 outcomes, 12 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Erythema Nodosum
2.	Pulmonary Tuberculosis
3.	Lepromatous Leprosy
4.	Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)
5.	Paucibacillary Leprosy

Experts

1.	Sarno, Euzenir N: 3 articles (03/2015 - 12/2007)
2.	Dockrell, H M: 3 articles (04/2002 - 10/2000)
3.	Antunes, Sérgio L G: 2 articles (03/2015 - 09/2014)
4.	Ferreira, Helen: 2 articles (03/2015 - 03/2014)
5.	Sales, Anna M: 2 articles (03/2015 - 12/2007)
6.	Ferreira Medeiros, Mildred: 2 articles (03/2014 - 01/2010)
7.	Antunes, Sérgio Luiz Gomes: 2 articles (03/2014 - 01/2010)
8.	Jardim, Márcia Rodrigues: 2 articles (03/2014 - 01/2010)
9.	Saini, Chaman: 2 articles (01/2014 - 01/2013)
10.	Nath, Indira: 2 articles (01/2014 - 01/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Tuberculoid Leprosy:

1.	AntigensIBA 01/01/1979 - "It was found that the maximum response to Dharmendra antigen occurred at the end of 24 hrs. and started wanning by 48 hrs. In tuberculoid leprosy, there was significantly greater response in the lesion as compared with the nearby normal skin. " 01/01/2014 - "CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T cells (Tregs) were increased in unstimulated basal cultures (p<0.0003) and showed further increase in in vitro antigen but not mitogen (phytohemaglutinin) stimulated PBMC (iTreg) in lepromatous as compared to tuberculoid leprosy patients (p<0.002). " 01/01/2014 - "Both skin lesions as well as in vitro antigen stimulated PBMC showed increased percentage/mean fluorescence intensity of cells and higher gene expression for FOXP3(+), TGF-β in lepromatous (p<0.01) as compared to tuberculoid leprosy patients. " 03/01/2011 - "This autoimmune model has been induced in rabbits using a non-myelin sensory peripheral antigen to reproduce the features of tuberculoid leprosy. " 08/01/2010 - "pylori antigens (35, 26 and 19 kDa) differs in patients with lepromatous as compared to those with tuberculoid leprosy. "
2.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 04/01/2000 - "leprae, whereas one self-cured tuberculoid leprosy patient produced simultaneously high levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. " 10/01/1994 - "Biopsy specimens from untreated tuberculoid leprosy patients were characterized by the presence of cells producing TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-1 beta and of subepidermal Langerhans cells. " 10/01/1990 - "Remarkably, in tuberculoid leprosy patients, the number of IL-1 beta--positive cells did not vary under therapy, while the number of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma reactive cells decreased. " 10/01/1998 - "When the two poles were compared, tuberculoid leprosy (TT) patients showed significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha with significant negative correlations with the bacterial index (BI), whereas lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients showed significantly higher serum levels of IL-2R, IL-10, and IL-1beta with significant positive correlations with the BI. " 08/01/1997 - "It was found that HLA-DR2 is associated with both tuberculoid and lepromatous types of leprosy; however, a variant at position -308 of the promoter of the neighboring tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene was increased in frequency in lepromatous (odds ratio = 3.0, P = .02) but not tuberculoid leprosy. "
3.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 05/01/1989 - "Though tuberculoid leprosy patients showed some improvement in T cell proliferation with DC as compared to MO constituted co-cultures, this was not statistically significant. " 12/01/1984 - "Insignificant improvement was observed in similar co-cultures of tuberculoid leprosy patients. " 07/01/2008 - "So far there has been only one published case report of leprosy and sarcoidosis co-infection, where tuberculoid leprosy developed in a case of sarcoidosis, known for over a decade. " 12/01/2000 - "Fifty-three percent of lepromatous patients without ENL and 59% of tuberculoid leprosy patients showed co-expression of IFN gamma and IL-4, indicating a non-polarized Th 0 pattern. " 12/01/1984 - "(1) Co-cultures of T enriched cells from LL patients when combined with 2 h adherent cells (AC) from HLA-D compatible tuberculoid leprosy individuals showed significant levels of 3H-thymidine incorporation in the presence of soluble and integral M. "
4.	Rifampin (Rifampicin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1969 - "[Tuberculoid leprosy treated with rifampicin]." 06/01/1992 - "It is suggested that topical therapy with rifampin and clofazimine ointments would be economical and beneficial in tuberculoid leprosy."
5.	Ointments (Pastes)IBA 06/01/1992 - "It is suggested that topical therapy with rifampin and clofazimine ointments would be economical and beneficial in tuberculoid leprosy."
6.	Inosine Monophosphate (IMP)IBA 10/01/1999 - "Human T-cell proliferation assays in donors comprising tuberculoid leprosy and pulmonary tuberculosis patients and healthy BCG vaccinees showed significantly greater potency of IMP over PMP and this immunodominance appeared to be directed towards CD4+ cells. "
7.	Clofazimine (Lamprene)FDA Link 06/01/1992 - "It is suggested that topical therapy with rifampin and clofazimine ointments would be economical and beneficial in tuberculoid leprosy."
8.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)IBA 12/01/2012 - "In this study, we examined the reactivity of sera from lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy patients (LPs) against a panel of 12 recombinant Mycobacterium leprae proteins and found that six proteins were strongly recognised by multibacillary (MB) patients, while only three were consistently recognised by paucibacillary patients. " 07/01/1991 - "The antigenic complex has no ability to bind to proteins of sera from normal healthy individuals or tuberculoid leprosy patients. " 10/01/1996 - "Fractionated Mycobacterium leprae antigens containing cell wall proteins or cytosolic and membrane proteins induced good IFN-gamma responses in tuberculoid leprosy patients. " 04/01/1967 - "Histochemical study of lepromatous and tuberculoid Leprosy: glycoproteins, acid mucopolysaccharides, collagen-proteins and nucleohistones."
9.	LeprominIBA 03/01/1994 - "Dharmendra lepromin was poor in inducing in vitro T cell proliferation in all the study groups, even though it elicited marked in vivo skin test reaction in tuberculoid leprosy patients and healthy contacts. " 06/01/2000 - "We found an increased number of Vdelta2+ cells in healthy contacts (PPD+ and lepromin+) and tuberculoid leprosy patients. " 09/01/1994 - "Among the 210 lepromin-negative unvaccinated contacts, 61 developed leprosy: tuberculoid in 29, borderline in 4, lepromatous in 8, and indeterminate in 20. " 01/01/1985 - "Their effects on polar types of leprosy, tuberculoid and lepromatous have been studied using in vivo lepromin and in vitro lymphocyte count, rosette formation, L.T.T. " 07/01/1983 - "T and B cell counts and their response to PHA and lepromin were studied in 46 patients of polar tuberculoid leprosy (TT), divided into two age and sex matched groups. "
10.	DapsoneFDA Link 06/01/1971 - "Trial of high dosages of dapsone in the treatment of tuberculoid leprosy." 04/01/1986 - "A patient recorded to be suffering from tuberculoid leprosy since 1973 and on regular Dapsone monotherapy for about nine years developed asymmetrical, erythematous, subcutaneous, nodular swellings restricted chiefly to the extensor aspects of lower limbs two months after discontinuation of Dapsone therapy. " 12/01/1984 - "Six cases of dapsone-resistant tuberculoid leprosy." 01/01/2009 - "We report two patients with total agranulocytosis caused by dapsone therapy for tuberculoid leprosy including one fatality. " 01/01/2009 - "Dapsone-induced agranulocytosis is a rare but potentially fatal adverse effect of treatment for tuberculoid leprosy. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Curettage 03/29/1959 - "[Tuberculoid leprosy with inveterate deep ulceration of the heel, cured by curettage & saturation as adjuncts to medical treatment]." 04/01/1959 - "[Tuberculoid leprosy with old and deep ulceration of the heel cured by curettage and suture combined with medical therapy]."
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 03/01/1991 - "The Mycobacterium leprae-specific antibody assays--a serum antibody competition test (SACT-ELISA) for the epitope on the 35-kDa protein, and an enzyme immunoassay for the disaccharide epitope of phenolic glycolipid-I (PGDS-ELISA)--were evaluated as tools for the serological monitoring of chemotherapy in 20 lepromatous and 6 tuberculoid leprosy patients. " 01/01/1981 - "Early chemotherapy prevents further complications in tuberculoid leprosy, but not in ;the lepromatous type. " 12/01/1999 - "Patients with active leprosy [tuberculoid and lepromatous, patients undergoing erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) and reversal reactions] and inactive cases (tuberculoid and lepromatous who were cured after chemotherapy) were included in this study. " 09/01/1983 - "High anti-phenolic glycolipid I immunoglobulin M antibodies were found in 23 of 24 (96%) of lepromatous leprosy patients on short term chemotherapy and in 8 of 13 tuberculoid leprosy patients (62%). "
3.	Sutures (Suture) 04/01/1959 - "[Tuberculoid leprosy with old and deep ulceration of the heel cured by curettage and suture combined with medical therapy]."
4.	Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) 02/01/2012 - "Here we report a unique case of tuberculoid leprosy and cytomegalovirus retinitis in a 27-year-old female patient with AIDS, suggestive of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-induced immune restoration disease. "
5.	Kidney Transplantation 03/01/1982 - "Tuberculoid leprosy does not appear to be a contraindication for renal transplantation."