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Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis, Type II)

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Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN.

Also Known As:

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis, Type II; Dense Deposit Disease; Mesangiocapillary Glomerulonephritis; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative; Glomerulonephritis, Hypocomplementemic; Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis, Type I; Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis, Type III; Mesangiocapillary Glomerulonephritis, Type I; Mesangiocapillary Glomerulonephritis, Type II; Subendothelial Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis; Glomerulonephritides, Hypocomplementemic; Glomerulonephritides, Membranoproliferative; Glomerulonephritides, Mesangiocapillary; Hypocomplementemic Glomerulonephritides; Hypocomplementemic Glomerulonephritis; Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritides; Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis, Subendothelial; Mesangiocapillary Glomerulonephritides; Glomerulonephritis, Mesangiocapillary; MPGN

Networked: 1187 relevant articles (53 outcomes, 98 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis, Type II)
2.	Nephrotic Syndrome (Syndrome, Nephrotic)
3.	Proteinuria
4.	Cryoglobulinemia
5.	Chronic Kidney Failure (Chronic Renal Failure)

Experts

1.	Sethi, Sanjeev: 20 articles (01/2016 - 09/2004)
2.	Pickering, Matthew C: 16 articles (05/2015 - 08/2002)
3.	Alpers, Charles E: 15 articles (08/2015 - 04/2002)
4.	Zipfel, Peter F: 15 articles (11/2014 - 12/2002)
5.	Smith, Richard J H: 14 articles (11/2014 - 05/2005)
6.	Fervenza, Fernando C: 13 articles (01/2016 - 02/2009)
7.	Cook, H Terence: 12 articles (01/2015 - 08/2002)
8.	Appel, Gerald B: 11 articles (02/2014 - 04/2003)
9.	Hudkins, Kelly L: 10 articles (11/2011 - 04/2002)
10.	Frémeaux-Bacchi, Véronique: 8 articles (02/2015 - 03/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis:

1.	Prednisone (Sone)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1999 - "Whereas the outcome of patients with type I MPGN treated with alternate-day prednisone was generally good, similarly treated patients with type III experienced significant reductions in renal function, slower improvement in serum C3 levels, more persistent urinary abnormalities, and more frequent relapses." 03/01/1992 - "It has been claimed that long-term prednisone treatment ameliorates the course of children with mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN). " 03/01/1980 - "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: improved survival with alternate day prednisone therapy." 12/01/1999 - "Differences between membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis types I and III in long-term response to an alternate-day prednisone regimen." 11/01/1985 - "Experience in 45 children with diffuse proliferative MPGN of all three types has provided evidence that a high-dose, alternate-day regimen of prednisone alters the natural history of the disease. "
2.	SteroidsIBA 01/01/2013 - "[A case of combination therapy with MMF and steroids for idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]." 02/01/2006 - "Long-term follow-up of atypical membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: are steroids indicated?" 01/01/2005 - "The renal biopsy demonstrated pathological findings characteristic of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II. The child was treated with an antihypertensive agent and steroids. " 11/01/1999 - "Steroids did not appear to benefit the outcome in types I and III MPGN patients compared to patients who received antihypertensive and antiplatelet treatment without steroids." 04/01/1995 - "The current common practice of treating all children with MPGN with steroids should be re-examined."
3.	Complement System Proteins (Complement)IBA 09/01/2014 - "Additional studies on these three families will further our knowledge of the underlying mutations in hereditary MPGN and contribute to the understanding of complement-mediated renal disease." 05/01/1999 - "Detailed family studies failed to reveal any evidence of complement deficiencies or secondary cause of MPGN. " 05/01/1999 - "Here we describe clinical and morphological features in two siblings affected by MPGN and present complement and HLA typing studies done in patients and their parents. " 11/01/1996 - "These results suggest that the glomerular leukocytes, infiltrating through Mac-1/complement interaction, express ICAM-3 by themselves, and that LFA-1/ICAM-3 interaction might participate in the glomerular aggregation of leukocytes in MPGN type I. In this study, we could not conclude that LFA-1/ICAM-1 or Mac-1/ICAM-1 interaction was involved in the leukocyte accumulation in this disease." 08/01/1982 - "[Clinical study of complement breakdown products in patients with hypocomplementemic glomerulonephritis]."
4.	InterferonsIBA 04/01/2014 - "Analysis of the renal levels of the Fc gamma receptor (Fcgr) and interferon-activated gene 200 (Ifi200) family genes, which are MPGN candidate genes localized to the telomeric region of chromosome 1 (Chr.1), showed that Fcgr2b levels decreased, whereas Fcgr3 and Ifi202b levels increased in female BXSB/MpJ mice compared with healthy C57BL/6 mice. " 10/15/1995 - "Although interferon therapy has been effective in patients with both essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, a high relapse rate has been noted in the latter condition. " 01/01/2015 - "We have reported this case to provide insight into whether interferon therapy should be administered for HCV-related membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with marked neurological symptoms due to cryoglobulinemia. " 10/01/2006 - "Long term suppressive therapy with pegylated interferon for chronic hepatitis C associated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis." 03/01/2000 - "[Treatment of chronic viral hepatitis B in secondary membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis using recombinant alfa-2 interferon]."
5.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2008 - "These results suggest that cyclosporine may be an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of resistant idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. " 01/01/2008 - "Cyclosporine in the treatment of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis." 07/01/2002 - "Cyclosporin A treatment for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II." 04/11/1987 - "[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with Buckley's syndrome treated with cyclosporin]." 01/01/1986 - "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with Buckley's syndrome, treated with cyclosporin."
6.	mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2005 - "Mycophenolate mofetil use in hepatitis B associated-membranous and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis induces viral replication." 03/01/2009 - "Very few studies have been published on how to treat children with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I (MPGN I), and as yet there is only one report on the use of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in children with MPGN I. We report a 12-year-old boy who presented with edema, hypertension, nephrotic range proteinuria, and microscopic hematuria following an upper respiratory tract infection. " 08/01/2009 - "Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil for steroid and cyclosporine resistant membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I." 03/01/2009 - "Remission of resistant MPGN type I with mycophenolate mofetil and steroids." 01/01/2014 - "His renal biopsy results revealed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, type I. He showed a partial response to a combination therapy of steroid, cyclophosphamide, and mycophenolate mofetil. "
7.	Interferon-alpha (Interferon Alfa)FDA Link 01/01/2003 - "Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) may precipitate or exacerbate the occurrence of MPGN. " 05/01/2001 - "[A case of cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with chronic hepatitis C which was effectively treated by interferon alpha-2b]." 07/01/1997 - "Response to high-dose interferon-alpha after failure of standard therapy in MPGN associated with hepatitis C virus infection." 03/01/1996 - "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and hepatitis C: effects of interferon-alpha therapy on clinical outcome and histological pattern." 03/01/1996 - "Effect of human leukocyte alpha interferon on cryoglobulinaemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus infection."
8.	rituximab (Mabthera)FDA Link 06/01/2013 - "Rituximab therapy induced remission in 19/24 (79.2 %) patients (IMN: 63.6 %, MCD: 100 %, FSGS: 75 %, and MPGN: 100 %). " 07/01/2012 - "Rituximab is a hopeful choice of induction therapy for refractory MPGN." 04/01/2012 - "Rituximab therapy for Type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis." 04/01/2015 - "Treatment-resistant recurrent membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in renal allograft responding to rituximab: case report." 10/01/2014 - "Rituximab in a B cell-driven regimen for the treatment of recurrent membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis after kidney transplantation."
9.	Atypical hemolytic uremic syndromeIBA 05/15/2015 - "Based on genetic studies, FH-related protein 5 (CFHR5) is implicated in glomerular diseases, such as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, dense deposit disease, and CFHR5 nephropathy. " 08/01/2015 - "Glomerular Diseases Dependent on Complement Activation, Including Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis, and C3 Glomerulopathy: Core Curriculum 2015." 08/01/2013 - "Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis." 10/01/2012 - "We report the case of a boy with a novel CFH gene mutation who presented with a membranoproliferative (MPGN) pattern of glomerular injury and developed 2 years later atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS); this description shows that CFH alteration leads to two different renal diseases in the same patient. " 03/01/2004 - "Among six patients with homozygous deficiency, four presented with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and two with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). "
10.	eculizumab FDA Link 10/07/2015 - "Eculizumab in Pediatric Dense Deposit Disease." 07/01/2014 - "Eculizumab therapy in a patient with dense-deposit disease associated with partial lipodystropy." 01/01/2014 - "To date, the experience and published data on using eculizumab in MPGN suggests this agent will work for some, but not all, patients with this pathologic lesion." 01/01/2014 - "Eculizumab in the treatment of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis." 07/01/2012 - "Here, we report renal biopsy findings before and after eculizumab therapy in three patients with dense deposit disease and two with C3 GN. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Surgical Portasystemic Shunt (Portosystemic Shunt) 06/01/2009 - "Remission of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with a noncirrhotic portosystemic shunt after percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization." 11/01/1997 - "Our study shows that MPGN type I may have developed secondary to portosystemic shunt. " 06/01/2009 - "A congenital portosystemic shunt was identified, indicating a diagnosis of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with noncirrhotic portosystemic shunt. " 11/01/2001 - "'Full house' positive immunohistochemical membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a patient with portosystemic shunt." 03/01/2000 - "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in congenital portosystemic shunt without liver cirrhosis."
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 11/01/1996 - "Immunologic and virologic studies may help to differentiate hepatitis C virus-associated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis from transplant glomerulopathy." 04/01/2010 - "Our study shows the risk of MPGN recurrence and progression depends on identifiable pretransplant characteristics, has variable clinical impact, and can result in graft failure." 05/01/2007 - "A survey was developed for this study that obtained information from the individual with MPGN or a guardian on: patient information, family/patient health history, history of PGN, medications, course of MPGN, history of dialysis, and history of transplant. " 10/01/2015 - "One patient with FSGS and one with MPGN I had a time to post-transplant RGN of less than 1 year. " 02/01/2015 - "Recommendations to establish an accurate diagnosis and inform therapeutic decision making in transplant candidates with a histologic diagnosis of MPGN are provided. "
3.	Homologous Transplantation (Allograft) 04/01/2014 - "In search of an effective treatment for recurrent mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis in the renal allograft." 07/01/2012 - "The OPTN/UNOS database revealed no difference in the rates of renal allograft loss due to disease recurrence of IgAN, MGN, MPGN, LN and FSGS among recipients receiving either CSA+AZA or CSA+MMF maintenance immunosuppressive therapy at 10-year follow-up." 02/01/2006 - "Contrary to previous reports, after controlling for crescent formation, MPGN II was not associated with more ESRF or recurrence in the allograft. " 07/01/2005 - "These data indicate that recurrent MPGN II has a significant negative impact on renal allograft function and survival." 11/01/1998 - "Recurrence of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in renal allografts."
4.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 06/15/2011 - "Younger age at diagnosis of MPGN and low C3 during transplantation seems to be predictive of recurrence." 02/01/2009 - "Another patient was diagnosed with MPGN type III and did not have detectable fibrillary material 22 months after transplantation. " 02/01/2006 - "Severity of primary MPGN, rather than MPGN type, determines renal survival and post-transplantation recurrence risk." 01/01/1977 - "Three new cases with dense deposit disease affecting the original kidneys have been followed-up after transplantation for periods ranging from 4 to 8 years and illustrate the natural history of the recurrence. " 01/01/1977 - "Dense deposit disease: long term follow-up of three cases of recurrence after transplantation."
5.	Plasmapheresis 01/01/2002 - "Management of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II with plasmapheresis." 02/01/1988 - "Regression of recurrent membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II in a transplanted kidney after plasmapheresis therapy." 03/01/1984 - "Plasmapheresis and immunosuppression in dense deposit disease." 04/01/2000 - "Recurrent type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a renal allograft: successful treatment with plasmapheresis." 01/01/1995 - "Plasmapheresis maintained renal function in an allograft with recurrent membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I."