Gastrinoma

A GASTRIN-secreting neuroendocrine tumor of the non-beta ISLET CELLS, the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS. This type of tumor is primarily located in the PANCREAS or the DUODENUM. Majority of gastrinomas are malignant. They metastasize to the LIVER; LYMPH NODES; and BONE but rarely elsewhere. The presence of gastrinoma is one of three requirements to be met for identification of ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME, which sometimes occurs in families with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1; (MEN 1).

Also Known As:

Networked: 700 relevant articles (44 outcomes, 67 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (Syndrome, Zollinger-Ellison)
3.	Carcinoid Tumor (Carcinoid)
4.	Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN I)
5.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)

Experts

1.	Jensen, Robert T: 14 articles (11/2007 - 01/2002)
2.	Imamura, Masayuki: 9 articles (03/2011 - 10/2002)
3.	Rehfeld, Jens F: 8 articles (10/2015 - 05/2005)
4.	Gibril, Fathia: 7 articles (11/2006 - 01/2002)
5.	Jensen, R T: 7 articles (07/2002 - 01/2000)
6.	Doi, Ryuichiro: 6 articles (08/2015 - 10/2002)
7.	Komoto, Izumi: 6 articles (03/2011 - 10/2002)
8.	Serrano, Jose: 6 articles (11/2007 - 07/2002)
9.	Gibril, F: 6 articles (07/2002 - 01/2000)
10.	Shibata, Chikashi: 5 articles (05/2015 - 01/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Gastrinoma:

1.	GastrinsIBA 12/01/1989 - "These four patients are well and have returned to work, and their serum gastrin levels are below 35 pg/mL. Thus we believe SASI and IOS tests are helpful for planning curative resection of gastrinomas." 08/01/1995 - "The introduction of sensitive radioimmunoassays for gastrin has led to the earlier and more accurate diagnosis of gastrinomas and, as methods for tumour localization both pre- and intraoperatively have improved, the emphasis of surgery has changed from control of gastric acid secretion to tumour removal. " 03/01/1992 - "Among these are a 74-year-old man who was cured after endoscopic removal of a submucosal duodenal gastrinoma, suggesting the usefulness of an operative approach using intraoperative endoscopic transillumination; a 33-year-old man in whom the manifestations of ZES brought him into conflict with the law; and a 10-year-old domestic cat who was cured surgically, the gastrinoma providing material for the first determination of the sequence of cat gastrins." 03/01/2006 - "This study confirms that a gastrinoma cannot be diagnosed on the basis of a fasting plasma gastrin assay while patients remain on PPI/H2 therapy." 04/01/1999 - "The aim of the current study was to assess this finding and compare the results with those from serum gastrin determinations (FSG) in a large cohort of patients with gastrinomas. "
2.	Octreotide (Sandostatin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/15/2002 - "Prospective study of the antitumor efficacy of long-term octreotide treatment in patients with progressive metastatic gastrinoma." 06/01/2013 - "The purpose of present study was to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of (68)Ga-labeled [1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid]-1-NaI(3)-Octreotide ((68)Ga-DOTANOC) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in gastrinoma patients with negative or equivocal CT findings. " 01/15/2002 - "The purpose of the current study was to study prospectively the efficacy, safety, and effect on survival of long-term treatment with octreotide in consecutive patients with progressive malignant gastrinoma. " 01/01/2008 - "Regression of a large malignant gastrinoma on treatment with Sandostatin LAR: a case report." 05/01/2002 - "At the Institute of General, Gastrointestinal and Breast Surgery we treated a patient with a duodenal gastrinoma that was diagnosed and localized by means of selective celiac-mesenteric angiography and labelled octreotide scintigraphy. "
3.	Somatostatin Receptors (Somatostatin Receptor)IBA 01/01/2006 - "We overviewed the recent development of curative surgery for gastrinoma that has been rapidly improved since the development of new localization techniques, especially the selective arterial secretagogue injection test (SASI test) and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS). " 04/01/2002 - "Endoscopic ultrasonography and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy are the gold standard for localization of gastrinomas. " 10/01/1999 - "1: somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is the most sensitive modality for detection of primary or metastatic gastrinomas; Study n. " 12/01/2011 - "Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) is a valuable method for the detection of somatostatin receptor-positive lesions like gastrinoma. " 06/01/2005 - "EUS in conjunction with Somatostatin Receptor Scanning (SRS) has a combined sensitivity of 93% for gastrinomas. "
4.	SecretinFDA Link 09/01/1981 - "We conclude that the secretin provocation test is helpful in the diagnosis of gastrinoma." 03/01/2014 - "Synthetic human secretin is used for studies of exocrine pancreatic secretion, secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography combined with exocrine pancreatic function test and diagnosis of gastrinoma syndrome. " 11/01/2006 - "These results indicate that combining selective arterial secretin injection test with conventional imaging studies contributes to increasing rate of curative resection of gastrinoma." 01/01/1986 - "Decision and cost-effectiveness analyses were employed in the present study to compare and contrast the diagnostic strategies of initial gastric analysis followed by secretin infusion test versus secretin infusion test alone in the evaluation of hypergastrinemia in patients suspected of having gastrinoma. " 09/01/2009 - "Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a pituitary macroadenoma, and gastrinomas were confirmed by computed tomography and a secretin stimulation test. "
5.	Somatostatin (Somatotropin Release-Inhibiting Factor)IBA 07/01/1997 - "In humans, somatostatin analogues have improved localisation and treatment of gastrinomas. " 01/15/2002 - "Recent studies have shown somatostatin analogues to have antitumor growth effects in patients with malignant PETs; however, to the authors' knowledge, little information exists regarding their efficacy or effect on survival in patients with progressive malignant gastrinoma, the most common symptomatic malignant PET. " 01/01/2015 - "Survival after somatostatin based radiopeptide therapy with (90)Y-DOTATOC vs. (90)Y-DOTATOC plus (177)Lu-DOTATOC in metastasized gastrinoma." 07/01/1997 - "Evaluation of somatostatin analogues for the detection and treatment of gastrinoma in a dog." 02/01/1990 - "Acid inhibitory effects of somatostatin analog in malignant gastrinomas."
6.	HormonesIBA 01/01/2007 - "Preoperative gastrinoma localization is enhanced by sophisticated endoscopic ultrasonography, scintigraphic and arteriographic studies with hormone sampling. " 12/01/1995 - "Although these may be embryonic rests and might represent precursors of primary nodal gastrinomas, specific hormones have yet to be identified in these cells. " 04/01/1991 - "Debulking should be performed primarily in hormone-active tumours so that symptoms can be controlled by subsequent medical treatment; this can be directed against tumour growth and/or hormone production, and it can reduce stomach acid secretion in the gastrinoma syndrome. " 03/01/2007 - "Among endocrine pancreatic tumours, insulinoma and gastrinoma often cause severe symptoms of hormone excess despite their inconspicuous size, but they can be successfully removed with improved pre- and intraoperative localization. " 04/01/2004 - "Recent studies have shown that tumor growth, rather than hormone overproduction, is the leading cause of death among patients with gastrinomas and other malignant gastrointestinal endocrine tumors. "
7.	big gastrinIBA 09/01/1990 - "Proper gastrinoma tissue contained several precursor forms, including intact unprocessed progastrin. " 01/01/1989 - "In the two gastrinoma cultures, RIA determinations and electron microscopic observations indicated that the proportion of progastrin increased with time while that of G17 and G34 decreased. " 12/15/1988 - "Two forms of human progastrin isolated from a gastrinoma were separated by ion-exchange h.p.l.c., and had similar elution positions on reverse-phase h.p.l.c. " 02/01/1986 - "The results suggest differences in posttranslational processing pathways of progastrin in antrum, duodenum, and gastrinomas. " 02/01/1986 - "Identification of progastrin in gastrinomas, antrum, and duodenum by a novel radioimmunoassay."
8.	CalciumIBA 10/01/2002 - "The current study evaluated efficacy of the intravenous calcium injection test as a new diagnostic approach to clarify the existence of gastrinoma, which often goes undetected with routine testing. " 10/01/2002 - "We have thus confirmed the efficacy of the intravenous calcium injection test in the diagnosis of gastrinoma. " 07/01/2015 - "Case of primary hepatic gastrinoma: Diagnostic usefulness of the selective arterial calcium injection test." 01/01/2011 - "An enucleated duodenal gastrinoma with multiple type 1 endocrine neoplasia located by selective arterial calcium injection." 12/01/2002 - "Localization of gastrinomas by selective intra-arterial calcium injection."
9.	AntralIBA 02/01/1994 - "Antral gastrin cell hyperfunction (AGCH) is a rare syndrome characterized by persistent hypergastrinemia and important peptic symptoms in the absence of a gastrin-producing tumor. " 07/01/1993 - "Argyrophil and antral gastrin cell densities significantly increased during the survey, but increases were greater in the group with gastrinoma growth (respectively, +136% and +131%) than in the other group (respectively, +34% and +43%). " 04/01/1986 - "An antral G-cell lesion was present in 11 (25 per cent) and a gastrinoma in 14 (32 per cent). " 01/01/1984 - "To confirm the chemical structure of the peptide, antral and gastrinoma extracts were used for isolation, purification and amino acid analysis. " 11/01/1989 - "Furthermore, the current study provides no evidence for the proposals that antral syndromes are more common in patients with MEN-I, that gastric surgery affects the meal response in patients with gastrinomas, or that the meal test is useful in localizing duodenal gastrinomas."
10.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 04/01/2004 - "X chromosome allelotyping was performed using 12 microsatellite markers spaced throughout the chromosome using DNA from leukocytes and microdissected gastrinoma specimens from 16 female patients. " 09/01/1993 - "Because DNA analysis, using flow cytometry, has proved helpful in this regard in other tumors, the current study was designed to evaluate its utility in gastrinoma patients. " 02/15/2003 - "In the present study we determine whether Chr 1 LOH occurs in gastrinomas and is associated with aggressive growth by performing Chr 1 allelotyping with microsatellite markers in microdissected tumor tissue from 27 human gastrinomas and the leukocyte DNA of the patients. " 01/01/2000 - "DNA was extracted from frozen gastrinomas from 51 patients and screened by dideoxyfinger-printing (ddF) for abnormalities in the 9 coding exons and adjacent splice junctions of the MEN1 gene. " 11/01/1997 - "A specific MEN1 mutation was detected in one gastrinoma and in the corresponding germ-line DNA of a patient who had no family history of MEN1. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Gastrectomy 05/01/2009 - "The most common operations were resection of duodenal gastrinoma (n=8) and total gastrectomy (n=7). " 01/01/2006 - "Minimal life span after gastrectomy, performed for nonresectable malignant gastrinoma, have constituted 9 years." 03/01/1992 - "It remains a question if a total gastrectomy is necessary when a gastrinoma is found and resected. " 03/01/1992 - "Total gastrectomy used to be considered as a standard operation in the surgical treatment for gastrinoma syndrome. " 03/01/1992 - "[The role of total gastrectomy in the management of gastrinoma syndrome]."
2.	Laparotomy 06/01/1989 - "Improved knowledge of the anatomic location of gastrinomas has enhanced our ability to find and remove them at laparotomy. " 01/01/2009 - "Explorative laparotomy revealed a gastrinoma in two peripancreatic lymph nodes. " 01/01/2001 - "All underwent laparotomy with gastrinoma tissue being completely excised in every case, including the 6 patients with failed pre-operative localisation whose tumours arose from the duodenum (4), pancreas (1) and lymph node (1). " 08/01/1996 - "Following laparotomy the gastrinoma could be histologically proved in eleven of 17 patients (6 x pancreas, 4 x duodenum, 1 x in the hepatoduodenal ligament). " 08/01/1995 - "We present three cases of sporadic gastrinoma who underwent exploratory laparotomy. "
3.	Pancreatectomy 06/01/2001 - "This includes distal pancreatectomy, enucleation of pancreatic head lesions, and duodenotomy with the resection of gastrinomas. " 08/01/1989 - "Total pancreatectomy may be the method of choice, especially in patients with gastrinoma caused by the diffuse nature of the disease. " 08/01/2009 - "Operative procedures performed included: distal pancreatectomy (n = 4), acid reducing procedure (n = 4), enucleation of pancreatic gastrinoma (n = 3), duodenal resection (n = 3), pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 1), and other (n = 7). " 04/01/1985 - "The results in this group of patients, as in other series reported in the literature, suggest that excision of gastrinoma by partial pancreatectomy or enucleation can be combined safely with gastrectomy. " 09/01/1995 - "We have found that distal pancreatectomy, enucleation of any neoplasms in the head, and duodenotomy and excision of any neuroendocrine tumours (gastrinomas) combined with a regional node dissection are effective in the majority of patients. "
4.	Vagotomy 01/01/1988 - "The number of gastrin cells (G cells) and somatostatin cells (D cells) per surface unit, and the G/D cell ratio were estimated in biopsy specimens of the antrum from normal subjects without hypergastrinemia, and from patients with hypergastrinemia not induced by gastrinoma or supra selective vagotomy. " 05/01/1987 - "One was treated successfully by medical therapy and one patient suspected of having gastrinoma had total vagotomy. " 05/01/2005 - "Total gastrectomy (but not antrectomy and vagotomy) and full compliance to antisecretory treatment reduced the number of operations from 29 to 9. One patient was cured (5.5%), whereas relapsing gastrinomas occurred in 4 patients and associated diseases or complications in ten. " 04/01/1982 - "The G/D-cell ratio was increased in pernicious anaemia and after vagotomy, unchanged in duodenal ulcer, and decreased in gastrinoma patients. " 04/01/1982 - "D-cell density was significantly increased in gastrinoma patients, unchanged in duodenal ulcer, and diminished in pernicious anaemia and after vagotomy. "
5.	Pancreaticoduodenectomy 12/01/2015 - "Laparoscopic-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy in a child with gastrinoma." 06/01/2012 - "The patient was diagnosed with solitary pancreatic head gastrinoma complicated by hemosuccus pancreaticus, and pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. " 01/01/2009 - "A prophylactic partial pancreatoduodenectomy is not indicated to avoid recurrence, since complete biochemical cure by local resection of the lymph node gastrinoma is possible." 01/01/2009 - "Five-Year Long-Term Followup of a Primary Lymph node Gastrinoma: Is a Pancreaticoduodenectomy Justified?" 10/01/2005 - "Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy results in the highest probability of cure in both sporadic and MEN-1 gastrinoma patients as it removes the entire gastrinoma triangle. "