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Prostaglandin D2

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The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.

Also Known As:

11-Dehydroprostaglandin F2 alpha; 11 Dehydroprostaglandin F2 alpha; 11 Dehydroprostaglandin F2alpha; D2, Prostaglandin; F2 alpha, 11-Dehydroprostaglandin; F2alpha, 11-Dehydroprostaglandin; alpha, 11-Dehydroprostaglandin F2; 11-Dehydroprostaglandin F2alpha; PGD2; Prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid, 9,15-dihydroxy-11-oxo-, (5Z,9alpha,13E,15S)-

Networked: 581 relevant articles (16 outcomes, 47 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Urade, Yoshihiro: 25 articles (07/2015 - 04/2003)
2.	Aritake, Kosuke: 14 articles (01/2015 - 04/2006)
3.	Hirai, Hiroyuki: 9 articles (12/2014 - 01/2004)
4.	Narumiya, Shuh: 9 articles (08/2014 - 04/2002)
5.	Nakamura, Masataka: 8 articles (12/2014 - 08/2006)
6.	Murata, Takahisa: 6 articles (01/2015 - 03/2013)
7.	Yokozeki, Hiroo: 6 articles (09/2013 - 08/2006)
8.	Satoh, Takahiro: 6 articles (09/2013 - 08/2006)
9.	Nagata, Kinya: 5 articles (08/2013 - 11/2005)
10.	Eguchi, Naomi: 5 articles (06/2009 - 04/2006)

Related Diseases

1.	Inflammation 08/01/2001 - "These findings provide evidence for the crucial role of PGD2 as a mediator of allergic inflammation in guinea pigs and suggest that DP receptor antagonists may be useful in the treatment of allergic diseases triggered by mast cell activation." 10/01/2011 - "The present study demonstrates that functional roles of PGD2 and its receptors appear to depend on the nature of the inflammation. " 09/22/2008 - "In the present study we addressed the effects of spinal PGD2 on the discharge properties of nociceptive spinal cord neurons with input from the knee joint using extracellular recordings in vivo, both in normal rats and in rats with acute inflammation in the knee joint. " 01/15/2008 - "In this study, we addressed the question of whether PGD2, a potent eicosanoid lipid mediator involved in immune responses and inflammation, could be important in DC/iNKT cell cross-talk. " 05/01/2002 - "Recent studies demonstrate that PGD2 is probably involved in multiple aspects of inflammation through its dual receptor systems, DP and CRTH2. "
2.	Stroke (Strokes) 09/01/2010 - "Prostaglandin D2 DP1 receptor is beneficial in ischemic stroke and in acute exicitotoxicity in young and old mice." 10/24/2014 - "PGD2 DP1 receptor stimulation following stroke ameliorates cerebral blood flow and outcomes." 10/24/2014 - "The association of prostaglandin D2 and its DP1 receptor with vasculature and blood propelled us to examine whether the clinically tested DP1 receptor agonist BW245C had beneficial effects following stroke. " 03/01/1988 - "The lack of PGD2 elevation under ischemic conditions may suggest that the rabbit model is more like stroke in humans than the rat or gerbil models. " 03/01/1988 - "We found that following stroke PGF2 alpha and not PGD2 was the predominant prostaglandin present in the cerebrospinal fluid. "
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 09/01/2015 - "Tumor volume after PGDS treatment was significantly less than PGD2 treatment. " 09/01/2015 - "Both PGD2 and PGDS significantly decreased subcutaneous tumor growth in vivo. " 08/01/2014 - "The data support a role for PGD2 signals acting through PTGDR in suppression of intestinal tumors." 08/01/2014 - "However, tumor suppression by PGD2 was more clearly mediated by receptor PTGDR in our experiments. " 08/01/2014 - "We hypothesized that Ptgdr or Pparg knockouts may raise numbers of tumors, if these receptors take part in tumor suppression by PGD2. "
4.	Anoxia (Hypoxia) 06/01/2009 - "In cultured rat cardiomyocytes, PGD2 protected against cell death induced by anoxia/reoxygenation via the D-type prostanoid receptor and the ERK1/2-mediated pathway. " 02/01/1991 - "In contrast, a mild but consistent pulmonary vasodilation produced by PGD2 could be uncovered if the pulmonary vascular bed was preconstricted by hypoxia with simultaneous TX/E receptor blockade. " 05/01/1990 - "In vitro, PGD2 increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in a dose- (2-340 ng/g dry lung) and age-dependent fashion under both normoxia (basal or raised tone) and hypoxia. " 02/01/1987 - "Thus, the circulatory effects of PGD2 are complexly interrelated with age, dose, and presence of hypoxemia." 02/01/1987 - "PGD2 was a directly dose-related systemic pressor (+5-20 mmHg) at all ages during both normoxia and hypoxia. "
5.	Rhinitis 01/01/2012 - "The potential role of prostaglandin D2 in nasal congestion observed in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis." 01/01/2008 - "The CBP significantly reduced NSS during the 8 hours following NAC and marginally inhibited the release of prostaglandin D2 into nasal lavage fluid, suggesting potential clinical utility in patients with allergic rhinitis." 05/01/2006 - "Mast cell inhibitor R112 is well tolerated and affects prostaglandin D2 but not other mediators, symptoms, or nasal volumes in a nasal challenge model of allergic rhinitis." 07/01/2005 - "The discovery of a second receptor for prostaglandin D2, chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 (CRTH2), has revived significant efforts into the development of small-molecule antagonists for allergic diseases as the receptor is predominantly expressed on cells such as eosinophils, TH2 cells and basophils, which are major pro-inflammatory cells in diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. " 04/01/1994 - "Concentrations of PGD2 (1.33 +/- 0.17 nmol/ml) and PGE2 (0.87 +/- 0.11 nmol/ml) in nasal lavage fluid from patients with allergic rhinitis (the allergy group) were significantly increased compared with those of volunteers (the control group, 0.23 +/- 0.16 nmol/ml, 0.29 +/- 0.19 nmol/ml, respectively). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Prostaglandin D2
2.	Histamine (Histamine Dihydrochloride)
3.	Dinoprostone (PGE2)
4.	Leukotriene C4
5.	Epoprostenol (Prostacyclin)
6.	Alprostadil (Muse)
7.	prostaglandin D2 receptor
8.	tosylarginine methyl ester hydrolase (tamase)
9.	15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2
10.	bestatin (ubenimex)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Ligation
2.	Immunomodulation
3.	Bone Marrow Transplantation (Transplantation, Bone Marrow)
4.	Vagotomy
5.	Sympathectomy (Sympathectomies)