Zidovudine (Retrovir)

A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.

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Networked: 2619 relevant articles (200 outcomes, 468 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Hermine, Olivier: 11 articles (10/2013 - 01/2002)
2.	Bazarbachi, Ali: 10 articles (10/2013 - 01/2002)
3.	Walker, Ulrich A: 9 articles (01/2014 - 11/2002)
4.	Blanche, Stéphane: 8 articles (07/2015 - 09/2003)
5.	Venhoff, Nils: 7 articles (01/2014 - 11/2002)
6.	Watts, D Heather: 7 articles (06/2012 - 07/2004)
7.	Gibb, Diana M: 6 articles (02/2015 - 09/2002)
8.	Phanuphak, P: 6 articles (06/2003 - 02/2000)
9.	Chen, Che: 5 articles (10/2015 - 08/2007)
10.	Mandelbrot, Laurent: 5 articles (07/2015 - 11/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 07/01/1987 - "However, its in vitro chemotherapeutic index is higher than that of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine, a drug which has recently proven effective in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. " 01/01/1997 - " Following the release of the results of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) 076 study, the routine use of zidovudine (AZT) among HIV-infected pregnant women in the US and Europe has resulted in a significant reduction in the rate of mother-to-child vertical HIV transmission. " 05/01/1996 - "Randomized study of the tolerance and efficacy of high- versus low-dose zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children with mild to moderate symptoms (AIDS Clinical Trials Group 128). " 01/01/1995 - "Following results showing zidovudine to be significantly more effective than placebo in delaying the progression to AIDS in HIV-infected patients with CD4+ counts < 500 cells/microliters, further analysis of data from this trial showed that immediate zidovudine significantly delayed the time to reach a CD4+ count of 500 cells/microliters in patients with > 500 cells/microliters compared with deferred therapy. " 07/01/1993 - "A significantly greater proportion of individuals who had never received treatment with zidovudine developed AIDS compared with individuals who had (P = 0.04). "
2.	HIV Infections (HIV Infection) 07/10/1996 - "Assuming demonstrable efficacy of short-course zidovudine prevention of perinatal HIV, a national perinatal HIV prevention program with zidovudine in most sub-Saharan African country settings would reduce the incidence of infant HIV infection and, in some settings, provide societal savings; however, substantial initial investment in such programs will be required. " 07/01/1996 - "The termination of the perinatal HIV transmission trial, ACTG 076, by the Data Safety and Monitoring Board in February 1994 because of the efficacy of zidovudine (ZDV) in substantially reducing maternal-infant HIV transmission has created a considerable need for efficacious patient education approaches and materials for women with and at risk of HIV infection. " 01/01/1991 - "Our results show that zidovudine treatment in the asymptomatic phase of HIV infection did not result in a sustained improvement in T-cell function. " 01/01/2003 - "3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) is the first clinically effective drug for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. " 02/01/1996 - "Zidovudine (ZDV, AZT) is the first clinically effective drug licensed for use in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. "
3.	Infection 05/01/1990 - "Treatment of macrophages with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) 6 days after infection caused a marked decrease in virus production and prevented development of the intracellular killing functional defect. " 11/01/1995 - "Previous experimental studies utilizing human recombinant interferon-alpha-2b (IFNalpha-2b) alone or with zidovudine (AZT) to treat established feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection resulted in a significant reduction in circulating virus throughout a 49-day treatment period. " 07/01/1993 - "Previous experimental studies utilizing human recombinant interferon-alpha-2b (IFN alpha-2b) alone or with zidovudine (AZT) to treat established feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection resulted in a significant reduction in circulating virus throughout a 49-day treatment period. " 04/01/2008 - "3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) is the first clinically effective drug for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. " 12/22/2000 - "This modified zidovudine regimen is effective in reducing vertical transmission in a country with predominant subtype E infection. "
4.	AIDS-Related Complex (ARC) 08/01/1991 - "These data confirm the efficacy of zidovudine therapy after 4 weeks' treatment in the reduction of development of OI in patients with ARC and support the use of a maintenance dose of 250 mg zidovudine 6-hourly. " 08/01/1990 - "We have used the population pharmacokinetics model as implemented by the computer program NONMEM to study the distribution of zidovudine in a large number of patients who have AIDS-related complex and who are therefore at an earlier stage of immunosuppression than subjects in other studies. " 05/01/1994 - "To investigate (1) the efficacy and safety of zidovudine treatment in homo-/bisexual men with AIDS-related complex (ARC) and (2) factors associated with development of intolerance to zidovudine. " 01/01/1991 - "Of those with ARC, 20% (23%) were using zidovudine at visit 7 and 55% (65%) at visit 11. " 11/01/1990 - "Neuropsychological and psychiatric changes following treatment of ARC patients with zidovudine."
5.	Thrombocytopenia (Thrombopenia) 11/01/1988 - "Zidovudine is a potential new treatment for HIV-associated thrombocytopenia." 04/07/1990 - "[Efficacy of low-dose zidovudine in the treatment of thrombocytopenia related to HIV-1]." 01/01/1990 - "This is the first report of zidovudine-induced long-term remission of HIV-associated severe thrombocytopenia." 02/01/1993 - "Comparison of two dose regimens of zidovudine in an open, randomized, multicentre study for severe HIV-related thrombocytopenia." 11/25/1988 - "It is clear that further studies examining the prospective use of zidovudine in the treatment of HIV-related thrombocytopenia are indicated."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Interferon-alpha (Interferon Alfa)
2.	Zidovudine (Retrovir)
3.	Didanosine (Videx)
4.	Lamivudine (3TC)
5.	Interferons
6.	Nevirapine (Viramune)
7.	Stavudine (Zerit)
8.	Electron Transport Complex IV (Cytochrome c Oxidase)
9.	I-antigen
10.	Zalcitabine (Hivid)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)
3.	Cesarean Section (Caesarean Section)
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
5.	Art Therapy