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Prolactinoma (Prolactinomas)

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A pituitary adenoma which secretes PROLACTIN, leading to HYPERPROLACTINEMIA. Clinical manifestations include AMENORRHEA; GALACTORRHEA; IMPOTENCE; HEADACHE; visual disturbances; and CEREBROSPINAL FLUID RHINORRHEA.

Also Known As:

Prolactinomas; Lactotroph Adenoma; Macroprolactinoma; Microprolactinoma; Prolactin-Producing Pituitary Adenoma; Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma; Adenoma, Lactotroph; Adenomas, Lactotroph; Lactotroph Adenomas; Macroprolactinomas; Microprolactinomas; PRL Secreting Pituitary Adenoma; PRL-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas; Pituitary Adenoma, PRL-Secreting; Pituitary Adenoma, Prolactin Secreting; Pituitary Adenoma, Prolactin-Producing; Pituitary Adenomas, PRL-Secreting; Pituitary Adenomas, Prolactin-Producing; Pituitary Adenomas, Prolactin-Secreting; Prolactin Producing Pituitary Adenoma; Prolactin Secreting Pituitary Adenoma; Prolactin-Producing Pituitary Adenomas; Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas; Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting, Pituitary; PRL-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma; Pituitary Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting

Networked: 2034 relevant articles (172 outcomes, 212 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
2.	Prolactinoma (Prolactinomas)
3.	Adenoma (Adenomas)
4.	Pituitary Neoplasms (Pituitary Adenoma)
5.	Acromegaly

Experts

1.	Colao, Annamaria: 28 articles (01/2015 - 06/2002)
2.	Lombardi, Gaetano: 15 articles (07/2011 - 06/2002)
3.	Pivonello, Rosario: 14 articles (01/2015 - 06/2002)
4.	Beckers, Albert: 11 articles (07/2015 - 02/2002)
5.	Pereira, Alberto M: 10 articles (09/2015 - 10/2006)
6.	Colao, A: 10 articles (06/2015 - 01/2000)
7.	Bronstein, Marcello D: 10 articles (03/2015 - 08/2002)
8.	Zhang, Yazhuo: 10 articles (02/2015 - 01/2009)
9.	Becu-Villalobos, Damasia: 10 articles (01/2014 - 01/2007)
10.	Robinson, Simon P: 10 articles (09/2013 - 11/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Prolactinoma:

1.	Dopamine Agonists (Dopamine Agonist)IBA 11/01/2013 - "Most commonly occurs as microprolactinoma (less than 1cm in size), which may be cured with medical therapy, but few long-term studies are available about optimal duration of treatment with dopamine agonists to ensure cure after drug discontinuation and its withdrawal without recurrence are do not report consistent results. " 05/25/2001 - "In the case of a prolactinoma medical treatment with dopamine receptor agonists is the therapy of choice because it causes rapid tumour shrinkage and symptomatic improvement in most patients, so that irradition of the tumour is not indicated. " 08/01/2011 - "Complete remission of macroprolactinoma after long-term medical therapy with dopamine agonists." 01/01/2007 - "Remission rate was very high (90%) among women with microprolactinoma not treated with dopamine agonist before the surgical treatment. " 12/01/2012 - "The rapid improvement achieved negated the requirement for surgery and this highlights the efficacy of the dopamine agonists in the management of giant prolactinomas, even in the presence of neurological symptoms."
2.	ProlactinIBA 09/01/1980 - "This study indicates that transsphenoidal microsurgical removal of prolactinomas is highly effective for producing significant normalization of preoperative prolactin levels, resumption of menses, and the recovery of fertility in patients with microadenomas. " 04/01/1996 - "It is effective in suppressing prolactin secretion, reducing prolactinoma size and restoring gonadal function. " 10/01/1992 - "BC is known to be effective for reducing the volume of a prolactinoma and for decreasing the serum level of prolactin (PRL). " 05/01/2014 - "To study remission, defined as prolactin normalization without medical treatment, after pregnancy and lactation in women with prolactinoma. " 06/01/2015 - "A reduction in prolactin level is frequent after SRS and FSRT for prolactinomas; however, true biochemical remission is uncommon. "
3.	Bromocriptine (Parlodel)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2013 - "Bromocriptine is an effective treatment for most prolactinomas. " 07/01/1981 - "In a case of sESS consecutive to the treatment with bromocriptine (for 6 months) of an invasive prolactinoma, TRH i. v. released PRL into the CSF but not into the blood, and the serum/ CSF ratio of PRL was very low, until a new cure with bromocriptine (for 3 months) mormalised it. " 06/15/1987 - "The therapy with bromocriptine reveals good results particularly in prolactinomas." 08/01/2004 - "the favourable response obtained in this patient implies that bromocriptine monotherapy can be an effective first-line treatment for children with prolactinoma." 06/01/1995 - "It is concluded that bromocriptine LAR is an effective treatment in the majority of patients with macroprolactinomas; it is also partially effective in some patients with GH secreting macroadenomas."
4.	cabergoline FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2015 - "Our findings suggest that, cabergoline can be used as a first-line therapy in giant prolactinomas because tumoral shrinkage without a surgical procedure and rapid improvement in visual field defect is achieved with this medical treatment." 01/01/2015 - "Rapid improvement in visual loss with cabergoline treatment in a giant prolactinoma case: 5 years survey." 04/01/2010 - "Efficacy of cabergoline on rapid escalation of dose in men with macroprolactinomas." 04/01/1997 - "Although the present data were not obtained in a formal study we conclude that cabergoline is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for macroprolactinoma patients." 09/01/2014 - "Cabergoline is typically effective for treating prolactinomas; however, some patients display cabergoline resistance, and the early characteristics of these patients remain unclear. "
5.	quinagolideIBA 04/01/1993 - "We conclude that CV 205-502 is an effective and in most cases well-tolerated treatment for patients with macroprolactinomas. " 12/01/1993 - "CV 205-502 seems to be an effective and well tolerated treatment of macroprolactinomas." 11/01/1990 - "We conclude that CV 205-502 in a once daily dose is an effective and safe alternative in the long-term treatment of macroprolactinomas." 01/01/1995 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of BRC-LAR, BRC-SRO and CV 205-502 in 34 patients with macroprolactinoma. " 12/01/1994 - "One patient who had taken part in a multicentre study of quinagolide in macroprolactinomas had BCI, and 11 further patients in the endocrine clinic who had BCR or BCI were offered quinagolide therapy under named-patient compassionate arrangements. "
6.	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)FDA Link 11/01/2007 - "Remission rates were significantly higher in GH- and ACTH-secreting pituitary macroadenomas than in macroprolactinomas. " 06/01/2002 - "To study remission rates and pituitary functions following transsphenoidal surgery of newly diagnosed GH-, ACTH-, and PRL-secreting pituitary adenomas. " 10/01/2014 - "The proportion of macroadenomas for NFPA was 82%, prolactinomas 37%, GH-producing PA 77%, ACTH-producing PA 28% and TSH-producing PA 100%. " 07/01/2012 - "Primary empty sella with isolated ACTH deficiency and microprolactinoma." 10/01/2011 - "The highest response rates were seen amongst prolactinomas (73%) and ACTH-secreting tumours (60%), whilst nonfunctioning pituitary tumours exhibit lower response rates (40%). "
7.	Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)IBA 10/01/1999 - "Structure-function correlations of growth hormone or/and prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas: an in vitro study with the reverse hemolytic plaque assay." 08/01/1992 - "Ultrastructural study of mixed growth hormone & prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas." 04/01/1989 - "About ten days after operation, the same study was repeated in 10 patients with prolactinoma and 7 with growth hormone (GH) tumour. " 07/01/2011 - "Twenty patients with macroadenomas, (16 non-functioning, three growth-hormone secreting and one pharmaco-resistant prolactinoma) were selected for surgery in the iMRI. " 06/01/2008 - "Inside the prolactinomas, there were only a few growth hormone immunoreactive cells but they surrounded the prolactinomas in a ring-like pattern. "
8.	Dopamine (Intropin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/25/2014 - "Recent studies have indicated that dopamine 2 receptor short isoform (D2S) may play an important role in suppressing PRL synthesis and prolactinoma cell growth under DA treatment. " 01/01/2005 - "Regression and prevention of any relapse of a tumoral outgrowth, most possibly occurring because of tuberoinfundibular dopamine deficiency, can well be alternatively achieved by the implantation of another dopamine-rich tissue beside the tumoral mass prolactinoma." 01/01/2005 - "Results are discussed for an alternatively possible regression and prevention of any relapse of prolactinoma, most possibly occurring because of tuberoinfundibular dopamine deficiency, by the implantation of another dopamine-rich tissue beside the tumoral mass. " 11/01/2003 - "Patients with macroprolactinaemia showed normal TSH and PRL responses to dopamine antagonism whereas patients with microprolactinomas showed exaggerated TSH responses and reduced PRL responses. " 02/04/2003 - "BMP-4 is overexpressed in prolactinomas taken from dopamine D2-receptor-deficient female mice, but expression of the highly homologous BMP-2 does not differ in normal pituitary tissue and prolactinomas. "
9.	HormonesIBA 06/01/2002 - "Remission rates correlated negatively with the magnitude of preoperative hormone excess (not in Cushing's disease), tumour size (not in prolactinoma) and invasiveness. " 10/01/2015 - "Our study did not show an association between anabolic hormones and increased thyroid volume in women with prolactinoma." 01/01/2012 - "The study made use of workup outcomes submitted by treating healthcare facilities where the patients were first diagnosed with macroprolactinomas based on diagnostic imaging (MRI and/or CT), laboratory workup, and hormone status estimation. " 12/01/2002 - "We chose prolactinomas for study because their hormone and symptomatic changes facilitated the comparison. " 10/01/2015 - "The progress in elucidating the pathogenesis of prolactinomas and advances in diagnostic methods, including more sensitive diagnostic hormone assays and neuroimaging, have enriched the current diagnostic approach and management. "
10.	Somatostatin (Somatotropin Release-Inhibiting Factor)IBA 12/01/2012 - "This is the first report on the effectiveness and safety of PRRT with radio-labelled somatostatin analogs in a patient with aggressive giant prolactinoma resistant to conventional treatment." 01/01/2012 - "However, after this rather long followup, the mean 15D score and the number of statistically significant 15D dimension impairments, compared with those of their reference population, were 0.11 and 9/15, 0.10 and 3/15, and 0.08 and 7/15 for Cushing's disease, acromegalics needing somatostatin analog, and prolactinoma patients, respectively. " 09/01/1999 - "Recently, it was demonstrated that somatostatin analogs preferential for the SSTR5 subtype suppress PRL release from prolactinoma cell cultures by 30-40%. " 10/30/1986 - "Improvement in headache associated with prolactinoma during treatment with a somatostatin analogue: an "N of 1" study." 04/01/2006 - "We compared the endocrine effects of cortistatin-17 with those of somatostatin-14 in patients with acromegaly (ACRO) or prolactinoma (PRLOMA). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 06/01/2007 - "For macroprolactinoma, the first-line treatment is drug therapy with DA. " 05/01/2014 - "Herein, we describe the case of a 48-year-old male presenting with a giant atypical prolactinoma refractory to previous therapies, including pharmacotherapy and repetitive surgery. " 05/01/2012 - "PDGFA and BMP4 may be involved in the pharmacotherapy mechanism of prolactinoma." 05/01/2011 - "This Review reports on efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in patients with prolactinomas." 08/01/2010 - "Invasive prolactinomas are more likely to be resistant to drug therapy but the mechanism of this is still unknown. "
2.	Radiotherapy 06/01/1986 - "The long-term effects of megavoltage radiotherapy as sole or combined therapy for large prolactinomas: studies with high definition computerized tomography." 12/01/2014 - "In this report, the authors describe the case of a 23-year-old male who had undergone trans-sphenoidal surgery and radiotherapy for an invasive prolactinoma. " 06/01/2012 - "Both external beam radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery retain important roles in the treatment of refractory or recurrent prolactinomas. " 06/01/2012 - "Review the medical and surgical management of patients with prolactinomas and provide an in-depth appraisal of the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of prolactinomas. " 11/01/2010 - "AIPmut prolactinomas occurred generally in young males and frequently required surgery or radiotherapy. "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 10/01/2014 - "The OSA prevalence in patients with prolactinoma is similar to the obese subjects and did not change after treatment. " 01/01/1990 - "Preliminary results obtained from 26 cases of prolactinomas less than 20 mm in diameter after treatment by enlarged adenomectomy are described. " 07/01/2009 - "We report a patient with a history of microprolactinoma and PV, who had only oral lesions from the beginning of her illness but 2 months after treatment with radiotherapy for a breast neoplasia, developed skin lesions limited to the irradiated area. " 02/01/2015 - "Our study purpose was to characterize hypopituitarism and recovery after treatment in men with macroprolactinomas. " 09/01/2011 - "In conclusion, beneficial metabolic changes were seen in prolactinoma patients after treatment with DA agonists, underscoring the importance of an active treatment approach and to consider the metabolic profile in the clinical management of hyperprolactinemia patients."
4.	Phytotherapy (Herbal Therapy) 01/01/2012 - "The results of the study presented herein unequivocally demonstrated the efficiency of phytotherapy in macroprolactinoma tumour mass downsizing, providing therefore solid grounds for the implementation of phytotherapy as a novel treatment modality of this tumour cluster. " 01/01/2012 - "This study brings the results of a five-year investigation into the influence of phytotherapy on the size of macroprolactinomas. " 01/01/2012 - "The study aims at demonstrating the efficiency of phytotherapy in macroprolactinoma downsizing. " 01/01/2012 - "The study displays the results of a five-year follow-up of macroprolactinoma patients undergoing phytotherapy. " 01/01/2012 - "The influence of phytotherapy on macroprolactinoma size."
5.	Pituitary Irradiation 09/29/1979 - "Prophylactic treatment to limit subsequent tumour expansion during pregnancy in patients with prolactinomas is indicated, and pituitary irradiation before conception appears to be a safe and effective method to achieve this goal." 05/01/1991 - "Megavoltage pituitary irradiation in the management of prolactinomas: long-term follow-up." 05/01/2005 - "We report the case of a patient who underwent remote pituitary irradiation for a prolactinoma and then presented decades later with hypercalcemia of unknown cause. " 01/01/1979 - "Therefore it is suggested that similar damage may occur in patients receiving external pituitary irradiation for 'prolactinomas' and that this mechanism may contribute to the persistent hyperprolactinaemia observed in such patients." 06/01/1986 - "The long-term sequelae of external pituitary irradiation alone or in combination with surgery and/or bromocriptine therapy have been studied in 14 patients with large prolactinomas over an observation period of 6-22 years (mean 13 years). "