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Superinfection

A frequent complication of drug therapy for microbial infection. It may result from opportunistic colonization following immunosuppression by the primary pathogen and can be influenced by the time interval between infections, microbial physiology, or host resistance. Experimental challenge and in vitro models are sometimes used in virulence and infectivity studies.
Also Known As:
Microbial Superinvasions; Superinfections; Superinvasions, Microbial; Microbial Superinvasion; Superinvasion, Microbial
Networked: 2353 relevant articles (109 outcomes, 157 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1. Infections
2. Peritonitis
3. Persistent Infection
4. Coinfection
5. Chronic Hepatitis B

Experts

1. Overbaugh, Julie: 12 articles (01/2020 - 11/2007)
2. Redd, Andrew D: 9 articles (01/2020 - 07/2012)
3. Huber, Victor C: 8 articles (01/2020 - 09/2012)
4. Quinn, Thomas C: 8 articles (01/2019 - 07/2012)
5. Little, Susan J: 8 articles (01/2017 - 05/2003)
6. Richman, Douglas D: 8 articles (01/2017 - 05/2003)
7. Smith, Davey M: 8 articles (01/2017 - 05/2003)
8. McClelland, R Scott: 7 articles (01/2020 - 01/2012)
9. Paul, Mical: 6 articles (06/2022 - 11/2010)
10. Maxwell, Karen L: 6 articles (01/2022 - 09/2012)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Superinfection:
1. Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA
2. VaccinesIBA
3. Hepatitis B Surface Antigens (HBsAg)FDA Link
4. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)IBA
5. Neutralizing AntibodiesIBA
6. InterferonsIBA
7. Antiviral Agents (Antivirals)IBA
8. AntigensIBA
9. AntibodiesIBA
10. VancomycinFDA LinkGeneric
08/09/1985 - "Some problem areas persist in these studies: the interpretation of comparative studies in which a large number of cases were eliminated because of "unevaluability," superinfections due to gram-positive organisms that may require or necessitate addition of agents like vancomycin, and the emergence of resistance as seen in three groups of organisms--Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Enterobacter species. "
01/01/2004 - "There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups with respect to age, underlying diseases, acute physical and chronic health evaluation score, intensive care unit admission, presence of sepsis, community or hospital acquisition, causative organism, duration of therapy, death, cure or improvement in infection, adverse events, superinfections, presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) and resistance to therapy. "
03/01/1991 - "Superinfection was observed in five patients treated with vancomycin and two patients treated with teicoplanin. "
08/01/1996 - "The overall frequency of superinfections was similar with both regimens, but Clostridium difficile colitis occurred significantly more often in patients receiving imipenem plus vancomycin (5 vs. 0, p = 0.02). "
01/01/1991 - "Compared to cefazolin, initial peritonitis therapy with vancomycin improved the peritonitis resolution rate [67% vs 81%; p = 0.008], reduced the incidence of hospital admissions [68% vs 48%; p = 0.001], and decreased the risk of superinfection [4% vs 0%; p = 0.039]. "

Therapies and Procedures

1. Therapeutics
2. Liver Transplantation
3. Artificial Respiration (Mechanical Ventilation)
4. Duration of Therapy
09/01/2010 - "Ways to maximize adequate empiric therapy include (1) categorizing each patient's risk of being infected with a multidrug-resistant pathogen and knowledge of local susceptibility patterns, (2) de-escalating antimicrobial therapy to decrease the rates of superinfections such as Clostridium difficile, and (3) limiting the duration of therapy to decrease the likelihood of adverse events, drug interactions, and antimicrobial resistance. "
04/18/2005 - "Outcomes were divided into primary (clinical success and effectiveness in reducing mortality) and secondary (microbiological success, preventing wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess, clinical sepsis, remote infection, superinfection, adverse reactions, duration of treatment required, effectiveness in reducing hospitalised stay, and time to defervescence). "
01/01/2003 - "Despite variations in drug agent, case mix, duration of treatment and methodological quality (especially the lack of double blinded studies), there was strong evidence that intravenous antibiotic prophylactic therapy for 10 to 14 days decreased the risk of superinfection of necrotic tissue and mortality in patients with severe acute pancreatitis with proven pancreatic necrosis at CT. "
01/01/2004 - "There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups with respect to age, underlying diseases, acute physical and chronic health evaluation score, intensive care unit admission, presence of sepsis, community or hospital acquisition, causative organism, duration of therapy, death, cure or improvement in infection, adverse events, superinfections, presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) and resistance to therapy. "
12/20/2016 - "The frequency of superinfection was 29.4% in the ertapenem group and 8.3% in the piperacillin-tazobactam group over the duration of treatment (P < 0.05). "
5. Oral Administration