Hydrops Fetalis (Fetal Edema)

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in two or more fetal compartments, such as SKIN; PLEURA; PERICARDIUM; PLACENTA; PERITONEUM; AMNIOTIC FLUID. General fetal EDEMA may be of non-immunologic origin, or of immunologic origin as in the case of ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS.

Also Known As:

Networked: 678 relevant articles (19 outcomes, 39 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Supraventricular Tachycardia
2.	alpha-Thalassemia
3.	Infection
4.	Thalassemia
5.	Hydrothorax

Experts

1.	Fucharoen, Supan: 7 articles (08/2013 - 09/2006)
2.	Ratanasiri, Thawalwong: 7 articles (01/2013 - 08/2006)
3.	Winichagoon, Pranee: 6 articles (06/2015 - 06/2005)
4.	Fucharoen, Suthat: 6 articles (06/2015 - 06/2005)
5.	Li, Dong-Zhi: 6 articles (03/2015 - 01/2008)
6.	Pornprasert, Sakorn: 6 articles (03/2014 - 01/2008)
7.	Fucharoen, Goonnapa: 6 articles (08/2013 - 09/2006)
8.	Chong, Samuel S: 5 articles (09/2015 - 02/2007)
9.	Liao, Can: 5 articles (03/2015 - 02/2005)
10.	Li, Jian: 5 articles (03/2015 - 02/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Hydrops Fetalis:

1.	hemoglobin Bart'sIBA 03/01/2015 - "In this study, we reported on a two-year experience in prenatal control of Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis at a mainland Chinese hospital. " 12/01/2012 - "High α(0)‒thalassaemia deletions amongst the study subjects place these carriers at an increased risk of conceiving fetuses with HbH disease and Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis should they choose another heterozygous partner. " 11/01/2010 - "Eight informed couples at risk of having Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis were recruited in this study and all patients underwent standard procedures associated with IVF. " 11/01/2010 - "Eight informed couples at risk of having Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis were recruited in this study and all patients underwent standard procedures associated with IVF. " 01/01/2001 - "During the first half of the study, the prevalence of Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis was 0.305 (89 in 29,399 deliveries). "
2.	Twin twin transfusion syndromeIBA 05/01/1992 - "Intrauterine assessment of high-output cardiac failure with spontaneous remission of hydrops fetalis in twin-twin transfusion syndrome: use of two-dimensional echocardiography, Doppler ultrasound, and color flow mapping." 08/01/2003 - "We present a case of twin-twin transfusion syndrome associated with transient hydrops fetalis observed in the donor after therapeutic amnioreduction at 22 weeks of gestation. " 08/01/2003 - "Transient hydrops fetalis of the donor fetus in twin-twin transfusion syndrome after therapeutic amnioreduction." 05/01/2001 - "Prenatal diagnosis of twin-twin transfusion syndrome complicated with hydrops fetalis at 14 weeks of gestation." 01/01/1999 - "Rapid development of hydrops fetalis in the donor twin following death of the recipient twin in twin-twin transfusion syndrome."
3.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 07/01/1999 - "In our study we explored the use of chemiluminescence in situ hybridization to detect B19 DNA on cord blood cells, amniotic fluid cells, and pleuric fluid cells from several cases of hydrops fetalis. " 01/01/2012 - "The maternally inheritedfetal allele present in maternal plasma is difficult to discern the fetal cell-free DNA from a higher background DNA of the mother Thus, further investigation is needed to improve the diagnosis ofBart's hydrops fetalis using this technique." 01/01/2012 - "Plasma DNA was extracted from six women who carried fetuses with normal, 11 with heterozygote alpha-thalassemia-1 SEA type deletion and seven with Bart's hydrops fetalis. " 11/01/2010 - "Further investigations are needed to improve the diagnosis of Bart's hydrops fetalis using fetal cell-free DNA." 11/01/2010 - "However, women whose fetuses were diagnosed as Bart's hydrops fetalis had a higher proportion (43%) of plasma DNA samples that had negative deltaC(T) value than women whose fetuses were diagnosed as normal or heterozygote alpha-thalassemia-1 SEA type deletion (0 and 27%, respectively). "
4.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2015 - "Studies of dexamethasone in the treatment of CAVB have yielded conflicting results, with most suggesting only a limited potential benefit in first- and seconddegree CAVB and in cases complicated by fetal hydrops. " 12/01/2008 - "We started oral dexamethasone treatment to reduce immune-mediated fetal cardiac damage and to prevent complications like hydrops fetalis. " 09/01/2000 - "Dexamethasone is also effective for fetal CCHB of early onset, fetal hydrops or heart failure. " 01/01/2002 - "Although subsequently dexamethasone therapy and daily plasmaphereses were started, a cesarean section was necessary at 26 weeks due to hydrops fetalis. " 06/01/2002 - "Dexamethasone and sympathomimetics may be of some benefit in treating hydrops fetalis. "
5.	Muramidase (Lysozyme)IBA 04/25/1997 - "In 3 cases among 17 cases of hydrops fetalis (17.6%) there was a marked decrease in the number of cells stained positively for lysozyme, suggesting abnormal differentiation of the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules. " 04/25/1997 - "An immunohistochemical study of renal tubule cell differentiation in hydrops fetalis was performed using antibodies against lysozyme, CD15, keratin, epithelial membrane antigen and Leu-7, and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of tissue that was obtained at autopsy. "
6.	Flecainide (Tambocor)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2001 - "Flecainide is an effective second-line therapy, especially in the face of fetal hydrops. " 03/01/2003 - "The efficacy of flecainide acetate for the treatment of fetal supraventricular tachycardia with hydrops fetalis and changes in venous blood flow patterns in the fetus during treatment are reported. " 07/01/2006 - "Flecainide treatment of fetal tachycardia and hydrops fetalis in a twin pregnancy." 11/01/2005 - "Flecainide acetate has been especially successful for the treatment of fetal supraventricular tachycardia associated with hydrops fetalis. " 03/01/2003 - "Successful treatment of supraventricular tachycardia exhibiting hydrops fetalis with flecainide acetate. "
7.	RHO(D) antibody (anti-D)IBA 07/01/2004 - "Fatal hydrops fetalis caused by anti-D in a mother with partial D." 07/01/2004 - "Fatal hydrops fetalis caused by anti-D in a mother with partial D." 11/01/2003 - "Fatal hydrops fetalis caused by anti-D in a mother with partial D." 08/01/2001 - "Poorest outcomes (multiple transfusions/hydrops/fetal demise) were in patients with anti-D and anti-C, with or without anti-E. " 03/01/1983 - "A sonogram showed fetal hydrops, and amniocentesis yielded a delta OD450 reading in Zone 3. Anti-D with a titer of 4096 was identified in the mother's serum. "
8.	glucuronyl glucosamine glycan sulfate (Vessel)IBA 03/01/2004 - "Non-Immune Hydrops Fetalis (NIHF) may be the final consequence of impaired systemic venous return and may help to explain pleural-pulmonary involvement in this generalized lymph-vessel malformation syndrome." 01/01/2004 - "In both cases, routine investigations for fetal hydrops, as well as detailed ultrasound scanning and MCA peak-systolic velocity Doppler assessment (maximum velocity taken at zero degrees to the vessel), were performed. " 03/01/2011 - "We present a case of spontaneous TAPS complicated by a large placental vessel thrombosis and hydrops fetalis. " 01/01/2011 - "We report a term female infant with fetal hydrops, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and a four-vessel umbilical cord consisting of two umbilical arteries and two umbilical veins. " 02/01/2006 - "Twelve underwent fetal intervention (laser vessel ablation [n = 4], alcohol sclerosis [n = 3], cyst drainage [n = 2], amniodrainage [n = 2], vesicoamniotic shunt [n = 1]) for fetal hydrops and polyhydramnios to aid in delivery and to prevent obstructive uropathy developing in the fetus. "
9.	Amiodarone (Amiodarona)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2015 - "Foetal supraventricular tachycardia with hydrops fetalis: a role for direct intraperitoneal amiodarone." 09/01/2003 - "Role of amiodarone in the treatment of fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and hydrops fetalis." 12/01/1989 - "Repeated intravascular treatment with amiodarone in a fetus with refractory supraventricular tachycardia and hydrops fetalis." 07/01/1993 - "We report a case, in which direct fetal therapy by amiodarone injected into the umbilical vein during the last trimester of pregnancy was used for the treatment of fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmia in the presence of severe hydrops fetalis. " 01/27/2004 - "Orally administered amiodarone is safe and effective treatment for drug-refractory fetal tachycardia, specifically reentrant supraventricular tachycardia, junctional ectopic, or ventricular tachycardia, even when accompanied by hydrops fetalis or ventricular dysfunction."
10.	zeta-GlobinsIBA 10/01/2001 - "In contrast to previous report of hydrops fetalis associated with zeta-alpha-thal-1 and alpha2-codon 30 (DeltaGAG) mutation, the zeta-globin genes are intact in the two siblings, which most probably alleviates the gamma-chain excess and protects the fetus from severe anaemia. " 03/01/1985 - "Restriction enzyme analysis of the alpha and zeta globin genes was carried out in four cases of Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis, in three patients with Hb H disease without Hb CoSp, in three patients with Hb H disease with Hb CoSp, in 47 individuals with alpha thalassemia trait, and in 47 normal individuals. " 02/01/1986 - "Its existence makes it likely that the absence of Hb Barts hydrops fetalis in blacks is due to the rarity of the chromosome lacking two alpha-globin genes rather than a result of early embryonic death due to the failure to synthesize embryonic hemoglobins because of deletion of functional zeta-globin genes." 02/01/2008 - "A positive zeta-globin ELISA result is diagnostic of SEA alpha-thalassemia, and routine use of the zeta-globin ELISA in combination with a shortened HbH screen will improve the efficacy of prenatal screening for carriers of hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis through improved detection and referral for follow-up DNA testing."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Intrauterine Blood Transfusion 05/01/2000 - "B19 parvovirus-induced fetal hydrops:good outcome after intrauterine blood transfusion at 18 weeks of gestation." 02/01/2012 - "The aim of our study was to evaluate the middle cerebral artery velocimetry before and after intrauterine blood transfusion in immune hydrops fetalis. " 11/01/2015 - "Intracardiac Fetal Transfusion for Parvovirus-Induced Hydrops Fetalis: A Salvage Procedure." 11/01/2012 - "New data suggest normal neurologic outcome in 94% of cases after intrauterine transfusion, although severe hydrops fetalis may be associated with a higher risk of impairment. " 02/01/2012 - "Intrauterine blood transfusion in immune hydrops fetalis, corrects middle cerebral artery Doppler velocimetry very quickly."
2.	Prenatal Care 07/01/2012 - "To identify the etiology of nonimmune hydrops fetalis cases in pregnant women diagnosed and referred for prenatal care. " 01/01/2006 - "Advances in prenatal care, noninvasive monitoring, and intrauterine transfusion have improved the outlook for affected pregnancies to the extent that even hydrops fetalis can be reversed and effectively treated in many cases. " 06/01/2004 - "Fetuses with intermittent arrhythmias without structural heart malformations, fetal hydrops or heart failure, can be followed up with routine prenatal care without the need for special intervention." 01/01/1994 - "In a patient population where prenatal care is not always obtained, and maternal serologic tests results are not available at the time of delivery, these pathologic clues are very helpful in detecting congenital syphilis in macerated stillborn fetuses where the classic findings of syphilitic infection, including hydrops fetalis and plasma cell infiltrates, may be masked." 06/01/2008 - "All pregnant women should receive an adequate prenatal care including obligatory screening test for syphilis, we should keep in mind the possibility of syphilitic infection in case of maternal clinical features or foetal signs especially hepatosplenomegaly, hydrops fetalis or intestinal hyperechogenicity."
3.	Fetal Therapies (Fetal Therapy) 07/01/2008 - "When fetal hydrops is present or impending, in utero fetal therapy is required to try to reverse that pathological course associated with fetal or neonatal death. " 09/01/1999 - "This report suggests that direct fetal therapy by umbilical vein puncture and evacuation of effusions constitutes an effective treatment for supraventricular tachycardias with massive fetal hydrops which do not respond to transplacental treatment." 07/01/2011 - "In the small group of fetuses in which the prognosis is poor, almost exclusively those with concomitant fetal hydrops and cardiac failure, several options for fetal therapy exist, often with a more than 50% survival rate. " 04/01/1999 - "Direct intrauterine fetal therapy in a case of bronchopulmonary sequestration associated with non-immune hydrops fetalis." 02/01/2014 - "The aim of the study was to perform an audit the results of fetal therapy in cases of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF), isolated hydrothorax and isolated ascites. "
4.	Laser Coagulation 09/01/2009 - "We present the first case of fetal hydrops and a large hydrothorax due to BPS treated successfully with one ultrasound-guided thin needle insertion, through which both laser coagulation of the feeding artery and drainage of the hydrothorax were performed. "
5.	Neonatal Intensive Care 01/01/1999 - "The study population of this outcome case series was gathered from all cases of hydrops fetalis admitted to our Loyola University Medical Center Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from 1990 to 1997. " 04/01/2014 - "We aimed to define the etiologic and prognostic factors in live-born infants with hydrops fetalis (HF) in our tertiary neonatal intensive care unit over a 10-year period. " 09/01/2011 - "An optimal management of neonates with non-immune hydrops fetalis demands a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment in a neonatal intensive care unit." 09/01/2011 - "A retrospective-prospective study included newborn infants with non-immune hydrops fetalis, who were treated in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Mother and Child Health Institute of Serbia between January 1, 2001 and October 31, 2010. " 07/01/2007 - "The objectives were (1) to identify the causes for hydrops fetalis neonates admitted for neonatal intensive care with the diagnosis of hydrops fetalis and (2) to identify the risk factors associated with death. "