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Vascular Dementia (Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy)

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An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)

Also Known As:

Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy; Dementia, Vascular; Acute Onset Vascular Dementia; Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy, Subcortical; Binswanger Encephalopathy; Binswanger's Disease; Chronic Progressive Subcortical Encephalopathy; Encephalopathy, Binswanger's; Encephalopathy, Chronic Progressive Subcortical; Encephalopathy, Subcortical Arteriosclerotic; Encephalopathy, Subcortical, Chronic Progressive; Subcortical Encephalopathy, Chronic Progressive; Subcortical Leukoencephalopathy; Subcortical Vascular Dementia; Vascular Dementia, Acute Onset; Arteriosclerotic Dementias; Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathies, Subcortical; Binswanger's Encephalopathy; Binswangers Disease; Dementia, Arteriosclerotic; Dementia, Subcortical Vascular; Dementias, Arteriosclerotic; Dementias, Subcortical Vascular; Dementias, Vascular; Disease, Binswanger; Disease, Binswanger's; Encephalopathies, Subcortical Arteriosclerotic; Encephalopathy, Binswangers; Leukoencephalopathies, Subcortical; Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathies; Subcortical Leukoencephalopathies; Subcortical Vascular Dementias; Vascular Dementia, Subcortical; Vascular Dementias; Vascular Dementias, Subcortical; Arteriosclerotic Dementia; Binswanger Disease; Encephalopathy, Binswanger; Leukoencephalopathy, Subcortical

Networked: 1458 relevant articles (105 outcomes, 311 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease)
2.	Dementia (Dementias)
3.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease)
4.	Multi-Infarct Dementia (Dementia, Multi Infarct)
5.	Lewy Body Disease (Lewy Body Dementia)

Experts

1.	Sharma, Bhupesh: 11 articles (12/2015 - 08/2010)
2.	Wallin, A: 11 articles (07/2010 - 01/2000)
3.	Singh, Nirmal: 10 articles (08/2015 - 01/2008)
4.	Moretti, Rita: 10 articles (06/2015 - 11/2002)
5.	Román, Gustavo C: 10 articles (01/2011 - 11/2002)
6.	Wallin, Anders: 9 articles (01/2011 - 03/2002)
7.	Cazzato, Giuseppe: 9 articles (04/2008 - 11/2002)
8.	Antonello, Rodolfo M: 9 articles (04/2008 - 11/2002)
9.	Torre, Paola: 9 articles (04/2008 - 11/2002)
10.	Erkinjuntti, Timo: 9 articles (01/2007 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Vascular Dementia:

1.	Memantine (Namenda)FDA Link 08/01/2004 - "Memantine treatment also has demonstrated significant improvement of cognitive performance in patients suffering from vascular dementia. " 10/01/2003 - "Memantine is beneficial in the treatment of severe and moderate-to-severe AD and may also be of some benefit in the treatment of mild-to-moderate vascular dementia. " 07/01/2002 - "In patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia, memantine 20 mg/d improved cognition consistently across different cognitive scales, with at least no deterioration in global functioning and behavior. " 11/01/2002 - "The aim of the reported trial was to investigate the safety and efficacy of memantine in mild to moderate vascular dementia (VaD). " 08/01/2003 - "The efficacy of memantine in vascular dementia also requires further investigation."
2.	Galantamine (Galanthamine)FDA LinkGeneric 07/31/2007 - "Galantamine was effective for improving cognition, including executive function, in patients with vascular dementia, with good safety and tolerability. " 01/01/2013 - "Significantly higher numbers of patients dropped out, (102/396 galantamine, 33/196 placebo odds ratio (OR)1.71, 95% CL 1.11 to 2.65, P = 0.02) and withdrew due to an adverse event from the group treated with galantamine compared with the placebo group (79/396 galantamine, 16/196 placebo, OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.59 to 4.95, P =0.0004).Data were also included from a second larger trial (GAL-INT-26) involving 788 patients with vascular dementia diagnosed using standard criteria. " 07/31/2007 - "Galantamine treatment of vascular dementia: a randomized trial." 01/01/2003 - "Patients with probable vascular dementia treated with galantamine for 6 or 12 months showed significant improvements in ADAS-cog/11 scores versus baseline, which were maintained at the end of the 12-month study. " 01/01/2002 - "Galantamine has been shown to delay the onset of BPSD in mild to moderate AD patients in one placebo-controlled study, and improve BPSD in a similar study of patients with cerebrovascular disease or probable vascular dementia. "
3.	donepezil (Aricept)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2009 - "Donepezil-treated patients with Binswanger type subcortical vascular dementia demonstrated significant improvement in cognition compared with baseline, and donepezil was well tolerated." 03/01/2004 - "Donepezil minimally effective for patients with vascular dementia." 03/01/2010 - "To determine the long-term tolerability and efficacy of donepezil in patients with vascular dementia (VaD). " 10/01/2003 - "Efficacy and tolerability of donepezil in vascular dementia: positive results of a 24-week, multicenter, international, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial." 10/01/2007 - "To study the efficacy and safety of the combined treatment with compound Reinhartdt and Sea Cumber Capsule (RSC, a Chinese medicinal preparation consisted mainly of Reinhartdt and Sea Cumber) and Donepezil for vascular dementia (VD), and its effect on thyroid function axis. "
4.	rivastigmine (Exelon)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2005 - "Small open-label studies of patients with subcortical vascular dementia showed that rivastigmine improved attention, executive function, apathy and other behavioral deficits. " 01/01/2013 - " trial included 40 participants with subcortical vascular dementia (age range 40 to 90 years) with a mean mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score of 13.0 and 13.4 in the rivastigmine and placebo arms, respectively. " 09/01/2008 - "VantagE (Vascular Dementia trial studying Exelon) was a 24-week, multicentre, double-blind study. " 09/01/2008 - "Efficacy, safety and tolerability of rivastigmine capsules in patients with probable vascular dementia: the VantagE study." 05/01/2005 - "Rivastigmine appears to be a promising agent in vascular dementia but its effects remain to be established in double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials."
5.	choto-sanIBA 11/01/1999 - "These results suggest that Choto-san is effective in the treatment of vascular dementia. " 03/01/1997 - "These results suggest that Choto-san is effective in the treatment of vascular dementia." 11/01/1999 - "Two different multicenter studies on the efficacy of Choto-san on patients with vascular dementia, one a well-controlled but non-double blind (60 patients), the other a double-blind controlled study (139 patients), were performed. " 06/01/2003 - "To clarify the clinical efficacy of one of the traditional medicines in the treatment of patients with vascular dementia, we investigated the pharmacological activities of Choto-san in animal models. " 03/01/1997 - "Choto-san in the treatment of vascular dementia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study."
6.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1998 - "Most specialists (69%) believed that an RCT to assess the efficacy of aspirin in vascular dementia is warranted. " 01/01/2000 - "There is very limited evidence that aspirin is effective in treating patients with a diagnosis of vascular dementia. " 01/01/2000 - "There is no evidence that aspirin is effective in treating patients with a diagnosis of vascular dementia. " 01/01/2003 - "Aspirin in reducing events in the elderly (ASPREE) is a placebo-controlled trial of low-dose aspirin for the primary prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events and vascular dementia. " 01/01/2003 - "Rationale for a trial of low-dose aspirin for the primary prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events and vascular dementia in the elderly: Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE)."
7.	Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Anticholinesterases)IBA 01/01/2002 - "Lately, this concept is tested by several studies on the efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in vascular dementia." 05/01/2007 - "Evidence from randomised, placebo-controlled studies of cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia suggests that there may be beneficial effects for cognitive function, and clinical global impression is more favourable for the cholinesterase inhibitors compared with placebo. " 11/15/2004 - "Treatment of vascular dementia--evidence from clinical trials with cholinesterase inhibitors." 07/01/2004 - "Treatment of vascular dementia-evidence from clinical trials with cholinesterase inhibitors." 01/01/2012 - "We present a systematic review of existing research that aims to assess the efficacy and safety of herbal medications (HM), as either monotherapy or adjunct to orthodox medications (OM), mainly comprised of cholinesterase inhibitors, for vascular dementia (VaD). "
8.	Nimodipine (Modus)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2012 - "Nimodipine improved the symptoms of cognitive impairment, increased rCBF, reduced hippocampal cytokine levels and alleviated neuronal injury in the hippocampus of rats with experimental vascular dementia." 09/01/2009 - "To study the therapeutic effects of acupuncture combined with nimodipine for vascular dementia. " 03/01/2005 - "Efficacy and safety of nimodipine in subcortical vascular dementia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial." 10/01/1999 - "Nimodipine in subcortical vascular dementia trial." 01/01/2012 - "Nimodipine improves regional cerebral blood flow and suppresses inflammatory factors in the hippocampus of rats with vascular dementia."
9.	propentofyllineIBA 10/01/1999 - "The neuroprotective glial cell modulator propentofylline has been used in clinical trials involving more than 800 patients with vascular dementia (VaD). " 10/01/1999 - "Clinical trials of propentofylline in vascular dementia. " 04/01/2008 - "Propentofylline is a novel xantine derivative which is being developed for treatment of degenerative and vascular dementia. " 04/01/2000 - "A Canadian economic evaluation of propentofylline (a therapy shown to be effective for patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease and/or vascular dementia) versus standard care was conducted. " 12/01/1998 - "Propentofylline (PPF, 3-methyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-7-propylxanthine) has been reported to be effective for the treatment of both vascular dementia and dementia of the Alzheimer type. "
10.	Ginkgo biloba extract 761 (Rokan)IBA 11/01/2013 - "We review four randomised, controlled trials investigating the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761(®) in elderly patients with Alzheimer or vascular dementia with neuropsychiatric features. " 10/01/2011 - "The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of postischemic oral treatment with EGb 761 in a model of vascular dementia in gerbils. " 06/25/2013 - "These experimental findings suggest that EGb761 enhances proliferation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus, and significantly improves learning and memory in rats with vascular dementia. " 06/25/2013 - "The escape latencies in Morris water maze tests of rats with vascular dementia after EGb761 treatment were significantly shorter than the model group. " 06/25/2013 - "However, it remains unclear whether EGb761 enhances proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in the brain of rats with vascular dementia. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Electroacupuncture 07/01/2013 - "Morris water maze test showed that electroacupuncture improved the learning ability of vascular dementia rats. " 01/25/2012 - "Morris water maze test showed that electroacupuncture improved the learning ability of vascular dementia rats. " 07/01/2013 - "The aim of the current study was to investigate the mechanism of electroacupuncture therapy for vascular dementia. " 09/01/2010 - "The aim of this study was to investigate whether electroacupuncture can reduce behavior deficit and long-term potentiation (LTP) in vascular dementia. " 11/01/2008 - "[Clinically multi-central randomized controlled study on scalp electroacupuncture for treatment of vascular dementia]."
2.	Kampo Medicine (Kampo) 01/01/2014 - "In this study, we investigated the effect of chotosan (CTS), a traditional herbal formula called a Kampo medicine, which has been clinically demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of vascular dementia, on JDM rats. " 03/01/1997 - "In an earlier placebo-controlled study, we demonstrated that a kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine called Choto-san (Diao-Teng-San in Chinese) was effective in treating vascular dementia. " 09/01/2004 - "Previously, we revealed that Choto-san (Diao-teng-san in Chinese), a Kampo formula, is effective on vascular dementia clinically, and the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis (Oliv.) Havil., a medicinal plant comprising Chotosan, has a neuroprotective effect in vitro. " 07/01/2005 - "A recent double-blind and placebo-controlled study demonstrated a beneficial effect of Choto-san, a Kampo (traditional medicine of Japan) formula, on cognitive impairment in patients with vascular dementia. "
3.	Hyperbaric Oxygenation 04/01/1999 - "[Hyperbaric oxygenation: a promising treatment for Binswanger's disease]." 01/01/2012 - "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been used to treat a variety of conditions and has shown possible efficacy for treating vascular dementia (VaD) in experimental and preliminary clinical studies. " 01/01/2012 - "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for vascular dementia." 01/01/2010 - "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurogenesis and brain blood supply in piriform cortex in rats with vascular dementia."
4.	Activities of Daily Living (ADL) 01/01/2006 - "Pooled data from three unpublished studies indicate a marginal beneficial effect at six months on ITT cognition (0.99 points on the 70 point ADAS-Cog, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.78, P = 0.01) which was barely detectable clinically (0.13 CIBIC+ points, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.25, P = 0.03) but no effect on behaviour, activities of daily living or OC analysis of cognition.3. Mild to moderate vascular dementia. " 01/01/2002 - "In the present study, we examined the relationships between ratings on the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) and activities of daily living and cognitive function in 39 individuals with vascular dementia (VaD). " 10/01/1999 - "Outcome measures for the study of activities of daily living in vascular dementia." 01/01/2013 - "The aim was to evaluate the discrepancy between self-rating of ADL in vascular dementia (VaD) patients and evaluation by caregivers. " 01/01/2013 - "Overestimation of self-reported activities of daily living in vascular dementia patients with a right hemisphere lesion."
5.	Chinese Traditional Medicine (Traditional Chinese Medicine) 11/01/2014 - "Rationale and design of a multicenter, phase 2 clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine SaiLuoTong in vascular dementia." 05/01/2005 - "[Experimental study of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of vascular dementia]." 10/01/2013 - "Buyanghuanwu Decoction (BYHWD), as a traditional Chinese medicine, has been developed to treat vascular dementia for hundreds of years, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. " 05/01/2005 - "It was confirmed that the traditional Chinese medicine has a lot of target spots in the brain and less ill-effect, it could ameliorate several phenotypes of pathophysiology of vascular dementia and improve the ability of learning and memory of animals with vascular dementia." 08/01/2015 - "We sought to identify the common pathological link and mechanism of action for Traditional Chinese medicine in type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular dementia, and to explicate the material basis for treating the different diseases with the same method in Traditional Chinese Medicine. "