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4-Butyrolactone (gamma Butyrolactone)

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One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.

Also Known As:

gamma Butyrolactone; 4 Butyrolactone; Dihydro-2(3H)-furanone; 1,4 Butanolide; 4 Hydroxybutyric Acid Lactone; Furanone, tetrahydro 2; Lactone, 4-Hydroxybutyric Acid; 1,4-Butanolide; 4-Hydroxybutyric Acid Lactone; Furanone, tetrahydro-2-; gamma-Butyrolactone; 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-

Networked: 76 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 9 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Snead, O Carter: 3 articles (05/2009 - 03/2006)
2.	Maher, Timothy J: 2 articles (01/2013 - 08/2006)
3.	Sadeghnia, Hamid R: 2 articles (05/2009 - 01/2008)
4.	Cortez, Miguel A: 2 articles (05/2009 - 01/2008)
5.	Nihira, Takuya: 2 articles (11/2008 - 09/2004)
6.	Kim, Joon: 2 articles (03/2008 - 08/2007)
7.	Ryu, Myung-Jeom: 2 articles (03/2008 - 08/2007)
8.	Lee, Cheolju: 2 articles (03/2008 - 08/2007)
9.	Yu, Myeong-Hee: 2 articles (03/2008 - 08/2007)
10.	Shin, Hee-Sup: 2 articles (03/2008 - 08/2007)

Related Diseases

1.	Seizures (Seizure) 12/03/2008 - "To induce non-convulsive seizures, animals (n = 6) received a single injection of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL, 100 mg/kg i.p.). " 07/01/1988 - "This potentiation of GHB seizure was observed when these compounds were given either before administration of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), the prodrug of GHB, or at the onset of GHB-induced seizure. " 10/01/1986 - "alpha-Ethyl-alpha-methylthiolo-gamma-butyrolactone showed an increase in potency over the congeneric alpha-ethyl-alpha-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone and, additionally, was effective against maximal electroshock seizures. " 09/01/1994 - "This paper describes the synthesis of alpha-(dimethylaminoethyl)-gamma, gamma-diphenyl-gamma-butyrolactone 4. The study of convulsions induced, on mice, by this compound could show the existence of antiGABAergic and cholinergic action components, but, unlike the homologous alpha- (dialkylaminomethil)-gamma-butyrolactones (with one -CH2- less on the aminoalkyl chain), no antiglycinergic component was detected. " 05/01/2010 - "gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) were applied to induce absence and tonic-clonic seizures, respectively. "
2.	Absence Epilepsy (Absence Seizure) 08/01/2007 - "To better understand the molecular mechanism related to the disease progress at protein level, we performed proteomic studies using the thalamus of mice for which absence seizure was induced by gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). " 10/01/2004 - "Adult male marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) were treated with gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) to induce prolonged absence seizures, and the resulting spike-wave discharges (SWDs) were analyzed to determine the similarity to the 3-Hz SWDs that characterize the disorder. " 09/01/2003 - "BOLD imaging was performed before, during, and after absence seizure induction by using gamma-butyrolactone (GBL; 200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). " 04/06/2001 - "The prodrug of (GHB), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) was given systemically to induce the absence seizures. " 01/01/1996 - "We examined the involvement of the GABAB receptor and the coordinated induction of nuclear transcriptional factors in experimental generalized absence seizures induced by gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in mice. "
3.	Poisoning 01/01/2011 - "[Acute gamma-butyrolactone poisoning with withdrawal syndrome]." 01/01/2005 - "The clinical features in this case resemble those of poisoning due to gamma butyrolactone, the principal component of this nail polish remover. " 05/01/2000 - "Revivarant (gamma-butyrolactone) poisoning." 08/01/1997 - "We report here 2 cases of gamma butyrolactone poisoning with a nail polish remover labelled "acetone-free". " 08/01/1997 - "Gamma butyrolactone poisoning and its similarities to gamma hydroxybutyric acid: two case reports."
4.	Coma (Comas) 01/01/2001 - "In this study, we use SAR approaches in an attempt to elucidate the action of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), an illicit drug and a dietary supplement, that can cause coma and deaths in humans while exhibiting low systemic toxicity towards rodents. " 10/01/2004 - "Recreational abuse or overdose of GHB (or its precursors gamma-butyrolactone or 1,4-butanediol) results in dose-dependent central nervous system (CNS) effects (respiratory depression, unconsciousness, coma, and death) as well as tolerance and withdrawal. " 01/01/2001 - "We report the case of a 44-year-old man who suffered coma and life-threatening respiratory depression following an accidental overdose of the GHB prodrug, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), contained in a "health drink". " 10/03/2003 - "Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its lactone, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) have been previously shown to produce a protective effect in animal models of cerebral ischaemia/hypoxia, as well as in human conditions of head injury-induced coma. "
5.	Suppuration 10/01/2010 - "Segmented polyester urethanes (PUs) used in this study were based on epsilon-caprolactone (CL) and co-monomers D,L-lactide (D,L-L) and gamma-butyrolactone (BL), and 1,4-butanediisocyanate (BDI). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Sodium Oxybate (gamma Hydroxybutyrate)
2.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
3.	Dopamine (Intropin)
4.	4-amino-5-hexynoic acid
5.	Trimethadione (Tridione)
6.	Procaine (Novocaine)
7.	Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
8.	Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic Drugs)
9.	2-ethyl-2-methyl-4-butyrolactone
10.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Injections